{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:57:46Z","timestamp":1780923466032,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":291,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006764","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Eat Disord"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To assess the effects of waiting time for outpatient psychotherapeutic interventions on patient-reported outcomes in adolescents and adults with eating disorders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CENTRAL and BASE were searched on 12 August 2025. Quantitative studies of adolescents (\u2265\u200910 years) and adults with eating disorders that examined waitlist conditions prior to outpatient psychotherapeutic interventions and measured eating disorder pathology with the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (chEAT) or Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. A within-group random-effects meta-analysis was performed assessing pre\u2013post change scores of the EDE-Q Global Score (primary analysis) and EDE-Q subscales (secondary analyses). A full protocol has been pre-registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420251090691).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Nine waitlist-controlled studies (total n\u2009=\u2009647, waitlisted n\u2009=\u2009283) including adult participants with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder and 'eating disorder not otherwise specified' met our eligibility criteria. Eight studies (waitlisted n\u2009=\u2009273) were included in the meta-analysis. Participants entered the waiting period with high EDE-Q Global Scores, ranging from 3.08 to 4.65 across studies. The pooled pre\u2013post effect estimate was Hedges\u2019 g\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.17 (95% CI \u2212\u20090.30 to \u2212\u20090.05), indicating a negligible reduction in eating disorder pathology. Certainty of evidence was rated as moderate, given the high risk of bias across studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Based on our results, waiting in waitlist control groups represents a period during which substantial eating disorder pathology and associated distress persist without therapeutic intervention. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of waiting time for regular eating disorder treatment outside a study setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-026-01660-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:53:48Z","timestamp":1780696428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of waiting time for outpatient psychotherapeutic interventions on patient-reported outcomes in adolescents and adults with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7393-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marike","family":"Kranes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6184-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline S.","family":"M\u00fcnchenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1444-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9725-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricarda S.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9162-9433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Campione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9279-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"Kreutzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(22)00028-1","volume":"9","author":"W Herzog","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herzog W, Wild B, Giel KE, Junne F, Friederich H-C, Resmark G, et al. Focal psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, and optimised treatment as usual in female outpatients with anorexia nervosa (ANTOP study): 5-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial in Germany. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9:280\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2215-0366(22)00028-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, editor. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"1660_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342","volume":"109","author":"M Galmiche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galmiche M, D\u00e9chelotte P, Lambert G, Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000\u20132018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109:1402\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1660_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/yco.0000000000000818","volume":"35","author":"Y Sil\u00e9n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sil\u00e9n Y, Keski-Rahkonen A. Worldwide prevalence of DSM-5 eating disorders among young people. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2022;35:362\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/yco.0000000000000818.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.1751","author":"D McDaid","year":"2024","unstructured":"McDaid D, Treasure J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Quoidbach V, Dickson S, et al. Quantifying the economic value of earlier and enhanced management of anorexia nervosa for adults in England, Germany and Spain: improving the care pathway. Eur Psychiatry. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.1751.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10393","volume":"78","author":"KT Eddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eddy KT, Tabri N, Thomas JJ, Murray HB, Keshaviah A, Hastings E, et al. Recovery from anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa at 22-year follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78:184\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.15m10393.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192316237","volume":"19","author":"C Filipponi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Filipponi C, Visentini C, Filippini T, Cutino A, Ferri P, Rovesti S, et al. The follow-up of eating disorders from adolescence to early adulthood: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:16237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192316237.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1660_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-295","volume":"13","author":"GF Milos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milos GF, Baur V, Muehlebach S, Spindler A. Axis-I comorbidity is linked to prospective instability of diagnoses within eating disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244X-13-295.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00801-3","volume":"11","author":"J Miskovic-Wheatley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miskovic-Wheatley J, Bryant E, Ong SH, Vatter S, Le A, National Eating Disorder Research Consortium, et al. Eating disorder outcomes: findings from a rapid review of over a decade of research. J Eat Disord. 2023;11:85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00801-3.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.4.732","volume":"162","author":"F Tozzi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tozzi F, Thornton LM, Klump KL, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Kaplan AS, et al. Symptom fluctuation in eating disorders: Correlates of diagnostic crossover. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:732\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.4.732.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102547","volume":"116","author":"I Krug","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krug I, Liu S, Portingale J, Croce S, Dar B, Obleada K, et al. A meta-analysis of mortality rates in eating disorders: An update of the literature from 2010 to 2024. Clin Psychol Rev. 2025;116:102547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2025.102547.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20180912-04","volume":"48","author":"J Jahraus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jahraus J. Medical complications of eating disorders. Psychiatr Ann. 2018;48:463\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00485713-20180912-04.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann"},{"key":"1660_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20230042","volume":"22","author":"JL Carlson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carlson JL, Lemly DC. Medical considerations and consequences of eating disorders. Focus. 2024;22:301\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.focus.20230042.","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"1660_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2025-001438","volume":"4","author":"C Morgan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morgan C, Carr MJ, Chew-Graham CA, O\u2019Neill TW, Elvins R, Kapur N, et al. Adverse outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of an eating disorder: primary care cohort study with linked secondary care and mortality records. BMJ Med. 2025;4:e001438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjmed-2025-001438.","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"1660_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181104","volume":"12","author":"KM O\u2019Brien","year":"2017","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien KM, Whelan DR, Sandler DP, Hall JE, Weinberg CR. Predictors and long-term health outcomes of eating disorders. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0181104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0181104.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1660_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2024.2402634","volume":"33","author":"S Amiri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Amiri S, Ab Khan M. Is eating disorders a risk agent for all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Eat Disord. 2025;33:602\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2024.2402634.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.090","volume":"382","author":"L-C Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen L-C, Bai Y-M, Tsai S-J, Cheng C-M, Chen M-H. Eating disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and suicide. J Affect Disord. 2025;382:290\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.04.090.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.02.015","volume":"227","author":"L Rojo-Moreno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rojo-Moreno L, Arribas P, Plumed J, Gimeno N, Garc\u00eda-Blanco A, Vaz-Leal F, et al. Prevalence and comorbidity of eating disorders among a community sample of adolescents: 2-year follow-up. Psychiatry Res. 2015;227:52\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.02.015.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1660_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.008","volume":"230","author":"S Ulfvebrand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ulfvebrand S, Birgeg\u00e5rd A, Norring C, H\u00f6gdahl L, Von Hausswolff-Juhlin Y. Psychiatric comorbidity in women and men with eating disorders results from a large clinical database. Psychiatry Res. 2015;230:294\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.008.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1660_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00654-2","volume":"10","author":"A Hambleton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hambleton A, Pepin G, Le A, Maloney D, National Eating Disorder Research Consortium, Aouad P, et al. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities of eating disorders: findings from a rapid review of the literature. J Eat Disord. 2022;10:132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00654-2.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23687","volume":"55","author":"NC Momen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Momen NC, Plana\u2010Ripoll O, Yilmaz Z, Thornton LM, McGrath JJ, Bulik CM, et al. Comorbidity between eating disorders and psychiatric disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:505\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23687.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104857","volume":"142","author":"AM Monteleone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monteleone AM, Pellegrino F, Croatto G, Carfagno M, Hilbert A, Treasure J, et al. Treatment of eating disorders: a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;142:104857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104857.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Waiting Times for Health Services: Next in Line. OECD; 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/242e3c8c-en","DOI":"10.1787\/242e3c8c-en"},{"key":"1660_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/pri0000200","volume":"8","author":"M Bugatti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bugatti M, Owen J, Reese RJ, Coleman J, Richardson Z, Rasmussen W, et al. Access to care and cost as predictors of early psychotherapy dropout: findings from a technology-enabled practice research group. Pract Innov. 2023;8:62\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pri0000200.","journal-title":"Pract Innov"},{"key":"1660_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.03.003","volume":"50","author":"O Carter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carter O, Pannekoek L, Fursland A, Allen KL, Lampard AM, Byrne SM. Increased wait-list time predicts dropout from outpatient enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) for eating disorders. Behav Res Ther. 2012;50:487\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2012.03.003.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23246","volume":"53","author":"S Ambwani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ambwani S, Cardi V, Albano G, Cao L, Crosby RD, Macdonald P, et al. A multicenter audit of outpatient care for adult anorexia nervosa: symptom trajectory, service use, and evidence in support of \u201cearly stage\u201d versus \u201csevere and enduring\u201d classification. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:1337\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23246.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101675","volume":"54","author":"D Arias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arias D, Saxena S, Verguet S. Quantifying the global burden of mental disorders and their economic value. eClinicalMedicine. 2022;54:101675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101675.","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine."},{"key":"1660_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10637-8","volume":"21","author":"G M\u00fcller","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fcller G, Bombana M, Heinzel-Gutenbrenner M, Kleindienst N, Bohus M, Lyssenko L, et al. Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10637-8.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1660_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-0585-0","volume":"14","author":"SM De La Rie","year":"2005","unstructured":"De La Rie SM, Noordenbos G, Van Furth EF. Quality of life and eating disorders. Qual Life Res. 2005;14:1511\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-005-0585-0.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1660_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-2974-1-43","author":"H DeJong","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeJong H, Oldershaw A, Sternheim L, Samarawickrema N, Kenyon MD, Broadbent H, et al. Quality of life in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not-otherwise-specified. J Eat Disord. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2050-2974-1-43.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.08.003","volume":"31","author":"PE Jenkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jenkins PE, Hoste RR, Meyer C, Blissett JM. Eating disorders and quality of life: a review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31:113\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.08.003.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.002","volume":"219","author":"LA-D Winkler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winkler LA-D, Christiansen E, Lichtenstein MB, Hansen NB, Bilenberg N, St\u00f8ving RK. Quality of life in eating disorders: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2014;219:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.002.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1660_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/s2215-0366(23)00265-1","volume":"10","author":"A Austin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Austin A, De Silva U, Ilesanmi C, Likitabhorn T, Miller I, Sousa Fialho MDL, et al. International consensus on patient-centred outcomes in eating disorders. Lancet Psychiatry. 2023;10:966\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2215-0366(23)00265-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De Bienassis K, Hewlett E, Kendir C, Kristensen S, Mainz J, Klazinga N. Establishing standards for assessing patient-reported outcomes and experiences of mental health care in OECD countries: Technical report of the PaRIS mental health working group pilot data collection. 2022. Report No.: 135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/e45438b5-en","DOI":"10.1787\/e45438b5-en"},{"key":"1660_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1659-5","volume":"26","author":"A Obbarius","year":"2017","unstructured":"Obbarius A, Van Maasakkers L, Baer L, Clark DM, Crocker AG, De Beurs E, et al. Standardization of health outcomes assessment for depression and anxiety: recommendations from the ICHOM Depression and Anxiety Working Group. Qual Life Res. 2017;26:3211\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-017-1659-5.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1660_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-024-00804-x","volume":"9","author":"L San","year":"2025","unstructured":"San L, Arranz B, Romans C, Garc\u00eda B, Coromina M, Ortiz S, et al. Patient-reported outcome measures to assess mental and physical health status, functionality, and quality of life in patients with major depression or schizophrenia. J Patient-Rep Outcomes. 2025;9:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41687-024-00804-x.","journal-title":"J Patient-Rep Outcomes"},{"key":"1660_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22729","volume":"50","author":"DL Reas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reas DL, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Investigating the DSM\u20105 severity specifiers based on thinness for adults with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:990\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22729.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22777","volume":"50","author":"Y Nakai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakai Y, Nin K, Noma S, Teramukai S, Fujikawa K, Wonderlich SA. The impact of DSM\u20105 on the diagnosis and severity indicator of eating disorders in a treatment\u2010seeking sample. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:1247\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22777.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1037\/cps0000078","volume":"29","author":"AB Dang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dang AB, Giles S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Kiropoulos L, Krug I. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the DSM\u20135 severity ratings for eating disorders. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2022;29:325\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cps0000078.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"1660_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E540","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2023.540","volume":"25","author":"N Ramaswamy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramaswamy N, Ramaswamy N. Overreliance on BMI and delayed care for patients with higher BMI and disordered eating. AMA J Ethics. 2023;25:E540-544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/amajethics.2023.540.","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"key":"1660_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22739","volume":"50","author":"KE Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith KE, Ellison JM, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Mitchell JE, Crow SJ, et al. The validity of DSM\u20105 severity specifiers for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge\u2010eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:1109\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22739.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030542","volume":"11","author":"F Toppino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toppino F, Longo P, Martini M, Abbate-Daga G, Marzola E. Body mass index specifiers in anorexia nervosa: anything below the \u201cextreme\u201d? J Clin Med. 2022;11:542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11030542.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1660_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.70049","author":"AA Laboe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laboe AA, Steinhoff MF, Vendlinski SS, Kreynin A, Johnson\u2010Munguia S, Heyrman A, et al. Clinician practices in determining expected body weights across eating disorders: a mixed methods study. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.70049.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.11.001","volume":"48","author":"AM Bardone-Cone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bardone-Cone AM, Harney MB, Maldonado CR, Lawson MA, Robinson DP, Smith R, et al. Defining recovery from an eating disorder: conceptualization, validation, and examination of psychosocial functioning and psychiatric comorbidity. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48:194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2009.11.001.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.23180001","volume":"180","author":"C Crone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crone C, Fochtmann LJ, Attia E, Boland R, Escobar J, Fornari V, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2023;180:167\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.23180001.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Herpertz S, Fichter M, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B, Vocks S, et al., editors. S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik und Behandlung der Essst\u00f6rungen. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-59606-7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-59606-7"},{"key":"1660_CR47","volume-title":"Eating disorders: recognition and treatment","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2017","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Eating disorders: recognition and treatment. London: NICE; 2017."},{"key":"1660_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24519","volume":"58","author":"J Bruns","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bruns J, Meier M, Jansen K. The efficacy of individual cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders: a meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:2029\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24519.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000358","volume":"87","author":"A Hilbert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hilbert A, Petroff D, Herpertz S, Pietrowsky R, Tuschen-Caffier B, Vocks S, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of psychological and medical treatments for binge-eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019;87:91\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000358.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000245","volume":"85","author":"J Linardon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linardon J, Wade TD, De La Piedad Garcia X, Brennan L. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017;85:1080\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000245.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718001071","volume":"48","author":"E Slade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slade E, Keeney E, Mavranezouli I, Dias S, Fou L, Stockton S, et al. Treatments for bulimia nervosa: a network meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2018;48:2629\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291718001071.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1660_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30566-6","volume":"8","author":"M Solmi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Solmi M, Wade TD, Byrne S, Del Giovane C, Fairburn CG, Ostinelli EG, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for the treatment of adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:215\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30566-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2683","volume":"27","author":"E van den Berg","year":"2019","unstructured":"van den Berg E, Houtzager L, de Vos J, Daemen I, Katsaragaki G, Karyotaki E, et al. Meta\u2010analysis on the efficacy of psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019;27:331\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2683.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00158","volume":"9","author":"A Zeeck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeeck A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Friederich H-C, Brockmeyer T, Resmark G, Hagenah U, et al. Psychotherapeutic treatment for anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00158.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20610","volume":"18","author":"G Andersson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andersson G, Titov N, Dear BF, Rozental A, Carlbring P. Internet\u2010delivered psychological treatments: from innovation to implementation. World Psychiatry. 2019;18:20\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20610.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2507","volume":"25","author":"GD Traviss\u2010Turner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Traviss\u2010Turner GD, West RM, Hill AJ. Guided self\u2010help for eating disorders: a systematic review and metaregression. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2017;25:148\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2507.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.03.001","volume":"32","author":"GT Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson GT, Zandberg LJ. Cognitive\u2013behavioral guided self-help for eating disorders: effectiveness and scalability. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012;32:343\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.03.001.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2024.101898","volume":"54","author":"R Blackburn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blackburn R, Tonta KE, Erceg-Hurn DM, Raykos BC, McEvoy PM. Opportunities lost? rates and predictors of attrition in an eating disorders outpatient service. Eat Behav. 2024;54:101898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2024.101898.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24306","volume":"58","author":"K Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali K, Radunz M, McLean SA, O\u2019Shea A, Mavrangelos T, Fassnacht DB, et al. The unmet treatment need for eating disorders: what has changed in more than 10 years? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:46\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24306.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03890-7","volume":"22","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Hay P, Conti J. Perspectives on barriers to treatment engagement of people with eating disorder symptoms who have not undergone treatment: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-022-03890-7.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22670","volume":"50","author":"AE Kazdin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazdin AE, Fitzsimmons\u2010Craft EE, Wilfley DE. Addressing critical gaps in the treatment of eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:170\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22670.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13114033","volume":"13","author":"ST Andersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andersen ST, Linkhorst T, Gildberg FA, Sj\u00f6gren M. Why do women with eating disorders decline treatment? a qualitative study of barriers to specialized eating disorder treatment. Nutrients. 2021;13:4033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13114033.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1660_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2999","volume":"31","author":"M Daugelat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Daugelat M, Pruccoli J, Schag K, Giel KE. Barriers and facilitators affecting treatment uptake behaviours for patients with eating disorders: a systematic review synthesising patient, caregiver and clinician perspectives. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2023;31:752\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2999.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211020102","volume":"56","author":"A Hamilton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamilton A, Mitchison D, Basten C, Byrne S, Goldstein M, Hay P, et al. Understanding treatment delay: perceived barriers preventing treatment-seeking for eating disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2022;56:248\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00048674211020102.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2745","volume":"29","author":"A Austin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Austin A, Flynn M, Richards K, Hodsoll J, Duarte TA, Robinson P, et al. Duration of untreated eating disorder and relationship to outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29:329\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2745.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3800","volume":"27","author":"A Reichert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reichert A, Jacobs R. The impact of waiting time on patient outcomes: evidence from early intervention in psychosis services in England. Health Econ. 2018;27:1772\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.3800.","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"1660_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.011","volume":"322","author":"DA van Dijk","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Dijk DA, Meijer RM, Van Den Boogaard ThM, Spijker J, Ruh\u00e9 HG, Peeters FPML. Worse off by waiting for treatment? the impact of waiting time on clinical course and treatment outcome for depression in routine care. J Affect Disord. 2023;322:205\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.11.011.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2032","volume":"24","author":"C Steinert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steinert C, Stadter K, Stark R, Leichsenring F. The effects of waiting for treatment: a meta\u2010analysis of waitlist control groups in randomized controlled trials for social anxiety disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2017;24:649\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2032.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"1660_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2174\/1573400514666180709144931","volume":"14","author":"Z Penkova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Penkova Z, Stark R, Leichsenring F, Steinert C. The effects of waiting for treatment: a meta-analysis of wait-list control groups in randomized controlled trials for panic disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rev. 2018;14:60\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573400514666180709144931.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR70","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page M, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5 (updated August 2024). Cochrane; 2024. https:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"1660_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"2021","author":"MJ Page","year":"2020","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2020;2021:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR72","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Adolescent health. 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/adolescent-health\/#tab=tab_1"},{"key":"1660_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00004","volume":"27","author":"MJ Maloney","year":"1988","unstructured":"Maloney MJ, McGUIRE JB, Daniels SR. Reliability testing of a children\u2019s version of the Eating Attitude Test. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1988;27:541\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00004.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. 1994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t03974-000","DOI":"10.1037\/t03974-000"},{"key":"1660_CR75","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Cogn Behav Ther Eat Disord","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Beglin SJ. Eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0). In: Cogn Behav Ther Eat Disord. New York: Guilford Press; 2008. p. 309\u201313."},{"key":"1660_CR76","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). 2022. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse\/2025-01\/mms\/en#1412387537"},{"key":"1660_CR77","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III-R. 3rd ed., rev. 1987."},{"key":"1660_CR78","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). 1994."},{"key":"1660_CR79","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Binge Eat Nat Assess Treat","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Cooper Z. The eating disorder examination. In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, editors. Binge Eat Nat Assess Treat. 12th ed. New York: Guilford Press; 1993. p. 317\u201356.","edition":"12"},{"key":"1660_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22972","volume":"51","author":"LM Schaefer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schaefer LM, Smith KE, Leonard R, Wetterneck C, Smith B, Farrell N, et al. Identifying a male clinical cutoff on the Eating Disorder Examination\u2010Questionnaire (EDE\u2010Q). Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51:1357\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22972.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20931","volume":"45","author":"KC Berg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berg KC, Peterson CB, Frazier P, Crow SJ. Psychometric evaluation of the Eating Disorder Examination and Eating Disorder Examination\u2010Questionnaire: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Eat Disord. 2012;45:428\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20931.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924.53.3.144","volume":"53","author":"A Hilbert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B, Karwautz A, Niederhofer H, Munsch S. Eating disorder examination-questionnaire. Diagnostica. 2007;53:144\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1026\/0012-1924.53.3.144.","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"1660_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199904)25:3<349::AID-EAT15>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"25","author":"KH Luce","year":"1999","unstructured":"Luce KH, Crowther JH. The reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination? Self-report questionnaire version (EDE-Q). Int J Eat Disord. 1999;25:349\u201351. .","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.01.004","volume":"44","author":"DL Reas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reas DL, Grilo CM, Masheb RM. Reliability of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire in patients with binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44:43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2005.01.004.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9706-5","volume":"19","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer U, Erhart M, Rajmil L, Herdman M, Auquier P, Bruil J, et al. Reliability, construct and criterion validity of the KIDSCREEN-10 score: a short measure for children and adolescents\u2019 well-being and health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2010;19:1487\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-010-9706-5.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1660_CR86","volume-title":"Measuring health and disability: manual for WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0)","author":"TB \u00dcst\u00fcn","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00dcst\u00fcn TB, Kostanjsek N, Chatterji S, Rehm J. Measuring health and disability: manual for WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010."},{"key":"1660_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115627012","volume":"24","author":"C Ebesutani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ebesutani C, Korathu-Larson P, Nakamura BJ, Higa-McMillan C, Chorpita B. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25\u2013Parent Version: scale development and validation in a school-based and clinical sample. Assessment. 2017;24:712\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191115627012.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"1660_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","volume":"41","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Med Care. 2003;41:1284\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1660_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1660_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, L\u00f6we B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1660_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.012","volume":"46","author":"K Bohn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bohn K, Doll HA, Cooper Z, O\u2019Connor M, Palmer RL, Fairburn CG. The measurement of impairment due to eating disorder psychopathology. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46:1105\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.012.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24071","volume":"57","author":"AF Haynos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haynos AF, Anderson LM, Askew AJ, Liu C, Venables K, Craske MG, et al. A randomized, controlled pilot study of positive affect treatment adapted for anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57:1253\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24071.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keegan E, Waller G, Tchanturia K, Wade TD. The potential value of brief waitlist interventions in enhancing treatment retention and outcomes: a randomised controlled trial. Atypon; 2024; https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38721888","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2024.2351867"},{"key":"1660_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11127","volume":"7","author":"L Pruessner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pruessner L, Timm C, Barnow S, Rubel JA, Lalk C, Hartmann S. Effectiveness of a Web-Based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention for binge eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2411127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11127.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1660_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24432","volume":"58","author":"H Senra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Senra H, Duarte C, Carvalho SA, Simoes L, Ferreira C, Palmeira L, et al. eBEfree: combining psychoeducation, mindfulness, and self-compassion in an app-based psychological intervention to manage binge-eating symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:1199\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24432.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021","volume":"75","author":"J McGowan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGowan J, Sampson M, Salzwedel DM, Cogo E, Foerster V, Lefebvre C. PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;75:40\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1660_CR97","unstructured":"ResearchRabbit Team. ResearchRabbit: AI tool for smarter, faster literature reviews. 2025. https:\/\/www.researchrabbit.ai"},{"key":"1660_CR98","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2025."},{"key":"1660_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1374","volume":"10","author":"MJ Westgate","year":"2019","unstructured":"Westgate MJ. Revtools: an R package to support article screening for evidence synthesis. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10:606\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1374.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1660_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.01.008","volume":"121","author":"J Clark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark J, Glasziou P, Del Mar C, Bannach-Brown A, Stehlik P, Scott AM. A full systematic review was completed in 2 weeks using automation tools: a case study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2020;121:81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.01.008.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1660_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.04.003","volume":"47","author":"B Schlup","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schlup B, Munsch S, Meyer AH, Margraf J, Wilhelm FH. The efficacy of a short version of a cognitive-behavioral treatment followed by booster sessions for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2009;47:628\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2009.04.003.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000751","volume":"90","author":"K Krohmer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krohmer K, Naumann E, Tuschen-Caffier B, Svaldi J. Mirror exposure in binge-eating disorder: changes in eating pathology and attentional biases. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2022;90:613\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000751.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000751.supp","author":"K Krohmer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krohmer K, Naumann E, Tuschen-Caffier B, Svaldi J. Supplemental material for mirror exposure in binge-eating disorder: changes in eating pathology and attentional biases. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000751.supp.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2164","volume":"20","author":"J Arcelus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arcelus J, Whight D, Brewin N, McGrain L. A brief form of interpersonal psychotherapy for adult patients with bulimic disorders: A pilot study. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2012;20:326\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2164.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1348\/000711000159150","volume":"53","author":"SB Morris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morris SB. Distribution of the standardized mean change effect size for meta\u2010analysis on repeated measures. Br J Math Stat Psychol. 2000;53:17\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/000711000159150.","journal-title":"Br J Math Stat Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.105","volume":"7","author":"SB Morris","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morris SB, DeShon RP. Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychol Methods. 2002;7:105\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.105.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"1660_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","author":"M Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell M, McKenzie JE, Sowden A, Katikireddi SV, Brennan SE, Ellis S, et al. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline. BMJ. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6890.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","author":"W Viechtbauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v036.i03.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"1660_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges L, Higgins J, Rothstein H, editors. Chapter 13: Fixed-Effect Versus Random-Effects Models. Introd Meta-Anal. Chichester: Wiley; 2009. p. 77\u201386. https:\/\/meta-analysis-workshops.com\/download\/bookChapterSample.pdf","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386.ch13"},{"key":"1660_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x","volume":"172","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Spiegelhalter DJ. A re-evaluation of random-effects meta-analysis. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc. 2009;172:137\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"key":"1660_CR113","unstructured":"Deeks J, Higgins J, Altman D, McKenzie J, Veroniki A. Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses [last updated November 2024]. Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv. version 6.5. Cochrane; 2024. https:\/\/ww.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"1660_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1316","volume":"10","author":"D Langan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Langan D, Higgins JPT, Jackson D, Bowden J, Veroniki AA, Kontopantelis E, et al. A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in simulated random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10:83\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1316.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1660_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1977.10480998","volume":"72","author":"DA Harville","year":"1977","unstructured":"Harville DA. Maximum likelihood approaches to variance component estimation and to related problems. J Am Stat Assoc. 1977;72:320\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1977.10480998.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"1660_CR116","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"1660_CR117","volume-title":"Empirical assessment of within-arm correlation imputation in trials of continuous outcomes","author":"E Balk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balk E, Earley A, Patel K, Trikalinos T, Dahabreh I. Empirical assessment of within-arm correlation imputation in trials of continuous outcomes. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2012."},{"key":"1660_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90054-Q","volume":"45","author":"D Follmann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Follmann D, Elliott P, Suh I, Cutler J. Variance imputation for overviews of clinical trials with continuous response. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:769\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90054-Q.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1660_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006002107","volume":"6","author":"LV Hedges","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hedges LV. Distribution theory for Glass\u2019s estimator of effect size and related estimators. J Educ Stat. 1981;6:107\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3102\/10769986006002107.","journal-title":"J Educ Stat"},{"key":"1660_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1319","volume":"10","author":"AA Veroniki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Veroniki AA, Jackson D, Bender R, Kuss O, Langan D, Higgins JPT, et al. Methods to calculate uncertainty in the estimated overall effect size from a random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10:23\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1319.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1660_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1186.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"1660_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0174-y","volume":"5","author":"M Lewer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewer M, Kosfelder J, Michalak J, Schroeder D, Nasrawi N, Vocks S. Effects of a cognitive-behavioral exposure-based body image therapy for overweight females with binge eating disorder: a pilot study. J Eat Disord. 2017;5:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-017-0174-y.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","volume":"343","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JPA, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d4002\u2013d4002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d4002.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR124","unstructured":"Page M, Higgins J, Sterne J. Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In: Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page M, et al., editors. Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv. version 6.5. Cochrane; 2024. https:\/\/ww.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"1660_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008","author":"BJ Shea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al. AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j4008.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11575\/PRISM\/24990","volume-title":"A randomized wait-list controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy guided self-help for recurrent binge eating: a pilot study. Graduate studies","author":"P Masson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masson P. A randomized wait-list controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy guided self-help for recurrent binge eating: a pilot study. Graduate studies. Calgary: University of Calgary; 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11575\/PRISM\/24990."},{"key":"1660_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.08.001","volume":"51","author":"PC Masson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Masson PC, Von Ranson KM, Wallace LM, Safer DL. A randomized wait-list controlled pilot study of dialectical behaviour therapy guided self-help for binge eating disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2013;51:723\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2013.08.001.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.01.006","volume":"47","author":"B Wagner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wagner B, Nagl M, D\u00f6lemeyer R, Klinitzke G, Steinig J, Hilbert A, et al. Randomized controlled trial of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment program for binge-eating disorder. Behav Ther. 2016;47:500\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2016.01.006.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08040608","volume":"166","author":"CG Fairburn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Doll HA, O\u2019Connor ME, Bohn K, Hawker DM, et al. Transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with eating disorders: a two-site trial with 60-week follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166:311\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08040608.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-020-00358-5","volume":"9","author":"K Glisenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glisenti K, Strodl E, King R, Greenberg L. The feasibility of emotion-focused therapy for binge-eating disorder: a pilot randomised wait-list control trial. J Eat Disord. 2021;9:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-020-00358-5.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12371","volume":"61","author":"M Berking","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berking M, Eichler E, Naumann E, Svaldi J. The efficacy of a transdiagnostic emotion regulation skills training in the treatment of binge\u2010eating disorder\u2014results from a randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Psychol. 2022;61:998\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12371.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","volume":"67","author":"J O\u2019Neill","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill J, Tabish H, Welch V, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Clarke M, et al. Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67:56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1660_CR134","volume-title":"Health promotion, inequalities and young people\u2019s health: a systematic review of research\u202f; report","author":"S Oliver","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oliver S, Kavanagh J, Caird J, Lorenc T, Oliver K, Harden A, et al. Health promotion, inequalities and young people\u2019s health: a systematic review of research\u202f; report. London: EPPI Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London; 2008."},{"key":"1660_CR135","volume-title":"Introd Syst Rev","author":"S Oliver","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oliver S, Dickson K, Newmann M. Getting started with a review. In: Gough D, Oliver S, Thomas J, editors. Introd Syst Rev. London: SAGE Publications; 2012."},{"key":"1660_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(82)90024-7","volume":"7","author":"J Gormally","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gormally J, Black S, Daston S, Rardin D. The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addict Behav. 1982;7:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4603(82)90024-7.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700049163","volume":"12","author":"DM Garner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med. 1982;12:871\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291700049163.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1660_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700030762","volume":"9","author":"DM Garner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 1979;9:273\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291700030762.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1660_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"2","author":"DM Garner","year":"1983","unstructured":"Garner DM, Olmstead MP, Polivy J. Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Int J Eat Disord. 1983;2:15\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.1.18","volume":"150","author":"M Henderson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Henderson M, Freeman CPL. A self-rating scale for bulimia the \u2018BITE.\u2019 Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:18\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.150.1.18.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90010-8","volume":"29","author":"AJ Stunkard","year":"1985","unstructured":"Stunkard AJ, Messick S. The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. J Psychosom Res. 1985;29:71\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(85)90010-8.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1660_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","volume":"12","author":"LA McGuinness","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT. Risk\u2010of\u2010bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk\u2010of\u2010bias assessments. Res Synth Methods. 2021;12:55\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1411.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1660_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0024-z","volume":"15","author":"PT von Hippel","year":"2015","unstructured":"von Hippel PT. The heterogeneity statistic I2 can be biased in small meta-analyses. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2015;15:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-015-0024-z.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1660_CR144","unstructured":"Neumann I, Brennan S, Meerpohl J, Davoli M, Alonso-Coello P, Akl E, et al. Certainty of evidence. In: Neumann I, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, editors. GRADE Book. The GRADE Working Group; 2025. https:\/\/book.gradepro.org"},{"key":"1660_CR145","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT. GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool [Software]. McMaster University and Evidence Prime; 2026. gradepro.org."},{"key":"1660_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24133","volume":"57","author":"A Meule","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meule A, Hilbert A, De Zwaan M, Br\u00e4hler E, Koch S, Voderholzer U. Cutoff scores of the Eating Disorder Examination\u2013Questionnaire for the German population. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57:602\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24133.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00161-X","volume":"42","author":"JM Mond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mond JM, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Owen C, Beumont PJV. Validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in screening for eating disorders in community samples. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42:551\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00161-X.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.02.003","volume":"46","author":"JM Mond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mond JM, Myers TC, Crosby RD, Hay PJ, Rodgers B, Morgan JF, et al. Screening for eating disorders in primary care: EDE-Q versus SCOFF. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46:612\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2008.02.003.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.09.002","volume":"13","author":"JJ Aardoom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aardoom JJ, Dingemans AE, Slof Op\u2019t Landt MCT, Van Furth EF. Norms and discriminative validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Eat Behav. 2012;13:305\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2012.09.002.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR150","volume-title":"Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: Deutschsprachige \u00dcbersetzung","author":"A Hilbert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hilbert A, Tuschen-Caffier B. Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: Deutschsprachige \u00dcbersetzung. 2nd edn. T\u00fcbingen: dgtv-Verlag; 2016.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"1660_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2023.2191488","volume":"31","author":"EA Velkoff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Velkoff EA, Brown TA, Kaye WH, Wierenga CE. Using clinical cutoff scores on the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire to evaluate eating disorder symptoms during and after naturalistic intensive treatment. Eat Disord. 2023;31:464\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2023.2191488.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.10.010","volume":"49","author":"E Welch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Welch E, Birgeg\u00e5rd A, Parling T, Ghaderi A. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire: general population and clinical norms for young adult women in Sweden. Behav Res Ther. 2011;49:85\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2010.10.010.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.03.004","volume":"31","author":"LM Hart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hart LM, Granillo MT, Jorm AF, Paxton SJ. Unmet need for treatment in the eating disorders: a systematic review of eating disorder specific treatment seeking among community cases. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31:727\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.03.004.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00012-9","volume":"18","author":"K Vitousek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vitousek K, Watson S, Wilson GT. Enhancing motivation for change in treatment-resistant eating disorders. Clin Psychol Rev. 1998;18:391\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00012-9.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12275","volume":"130","author":"TA Furukawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Furukawa TA, Noma H, Caldwell DM, Honyashiki M, Shinohara K, Imai H, et al. Waiting list may be a nocebo condition in psychotherapy trials: a contribution from network meta\u2010analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014;130:181\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12275.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1660_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grissom RJ, Kim JJ. Effect Sizes for Research. 0 edn. Routledge; 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203803233","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203803233"},{"key":"1660_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.015","volume":"83","author":"B Patterson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patterson B, Boyle MH, Kivlenieks M, Van Ameringen M. The use of waitlists as control conditions in anxiety disorders research. J Psychiatr Res. 2016;83:112\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.015.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1660_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000050.pub2","author":"E Faltinsen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faltinsen E, Todorovac A, Staxen Bruun L, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Gluud C, Kongerslev MT, et al. Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.MR000050.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.06.010","volume":"45","author":"B Ljotsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ljotsson B, Lundin C, Mitsell K, Carlbring P, Ramklint M, Ghaderi A. Remote treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a randomized trial of Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45:649\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2006.06.010.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000594","volume":"88","author":"C Fl\u00fcckiger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fl\u00fcckiger C, Rubel J, Del Re AC, Horvath AO, Wampold BE, Crits-Christoph P, et al. The reciprocal relationship between alliance and early treatment symptoms: a two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020;88:829\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000594.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1851058","volume":"31","author":"MJ Constantino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Constantino MJ, Coyne AE, Goodwin BJ, V\u00eesl\u0103 A, Fl\u00fcckiger C, Muir HJ, et al. Indirect effect of patient outcome expectation on improvement through alliance quality: a meta-analysis. Psychother Res. 2021;31:711\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10503307.2020.1851058.","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"1660_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.01.046","volume":"251","author":"T Thiruchselvam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thiruchselvam T, Dozois DJA, Bagby RM, Lobo DSS, Ravindran LN, Quilty LC. The role of outcome expectancy in therapeutic change across psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for depression. J Affect Disord. 2019;251:121\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2019.01.046.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2024.0067","author":"S Singer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singer S. Almost no change in waiting times for outpatient psychotherapy after an amendment to the law. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.m2024.0067.","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int."},{"key":"1660_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562241298082","volume":"33","author":"R Lawson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lawson R, Watterson R, Kennedy MA, Bulik CM, Jordan J. Time taken to reach treatment for eating disorders in New Zealand. Australas Psychiatry. 2025;33:525\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10398562241298082.","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.101968","volume":"57","author":"S Tempia Valenta","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tempia Valenta S, Marcolini F, Scalise M, Verrastro M, Rugo M, Panariello F, et al. Still waiting: referral patterns, delays, and key factors in accessing specialized eating disorder treatment in an Italian cohort. Eat Behav. 2025;57:101968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2025.101968.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00603-z","volume":"10","author":"\u00c9 Breton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Breton \u00c9, Dufour R, C\u00f4t\u00e9 SM, Dubois L, Vitaro F, Boivin M, et al. Developmental trajectories of eating disorder symptoms: a longitudinal study from early adolescence to young adulthood. J Eat Disord. 2022;10:84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-022-00603-z.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000182","volume":"16","author":"FM Cachelin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cachelin FM, Gil-Rivas V, Palmer B, Vela A, Phimphasone P, de Hernandez BU, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a culturally-adapted program for Latinas with binge eating. Psychol Serv. 2019;16:504\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ser0000182.","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"1660_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.03.005","volume":"29","author":"RW Goode","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goode RW, Kalarchian MA, Craighead L, Conroy MB, Wallace J, Eack SM, et al. The feasibility of a binge eating intervention in Black women with obesity. Eat Behav. 2018;29:83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.03.005.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e968","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10059","volume":"77","author":"N Cossrow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cossrow N, Pawaskar M, Witt EA, Ming EE, Victor TW, Herman BK, et al. Estimating the prevalence of binge eating disorder in a community sample from the United States: comparing DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77:e968\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.15m10059.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.020","volume":"73","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Berglund PA, Chiu WT, Deitz AC, Hudson JI, Shahly V, et al. The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:904\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.11.020.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20787","volume":"44","author":"L Marques","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marques L, Alegria M, Becker AE, Chen C, Fang A, Chosak A, et al. Comparative prevalence, correlates of impairment, and service utilization for eating disorders across US ethnic groups: implications for reducing ethnic disparities in health care access for eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44:412\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20787.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-016-0345-x","volume":"22","author":"M Martinussen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinussen M, Friborg O, Schmierer P, Kaiser S, \u00d8verg\u00e5rd KT, Neunhoeffer A-L, et al. The comorbidity of personality disorders in eating disorders: a meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22:201\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-016-0345-x.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900305","volume":"49","author":"G Milos","year":"2004","unstructured":"Milos G, Spindler A, Schnyder U. Psychiatric comorbidity and eating disorder inventory (EDI) profiles in eating disorder patients. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49:179\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674370404900305.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2010.511930","volume":"18","author":"C Clyne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clyne C, Latner JD, Gleaves DH, Blampied NM. Treatment of emotional dysregulation in full syndrome and subthreshold binge eating disorder. Eat Disord. 2010;18:408\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2010.511930.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0","volume":"27","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Prinsen CAC, Chiarotto A, Westerman MJ, Patrick DL, Alonso J, et al. COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a Delphi study. Qual Life Res. 2018;27:1159\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1660_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312445","volume":"18","author":"MLL Zini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zini MLL, Banfi G. A narrative literature review of bias in collecting patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:12445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182312445.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1660_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.784512","volume":"13","author":"SJ Withnell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Withnell SJ, Kinnear A, Masson P, Bodell LP. How different are threshold and other specified feeding and eating disorders? Comparing severity and treatment outcome. Front Psychol. 2022;13:784512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.784512.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-022-01512-5","volume":"27","author":"LM Donini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donini LM, Barrada JR, Barthels F, Dunn TM, Babeau C, Brytek-Matera A, et al. A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for Orthorexia Nervosa. Eat Weight Disord. 2022;27:3695\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-022-01512-5.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23654","volume":"55","author":"A Zagaria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zagaria A, Vacca M, Cerolini S, Ballesio A, Lombardo C. Associations between orthorexia, disordered eating, and obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:295\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23654.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-021-00492-8","volume":"9","author":"A Pi\u00f1ar-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ar-Guti\u00e9rrez A, Dios-Fuentes E, Rem\u00f3n-Ruiz P, Del Can-S\u00e1nchez D, V\u00e1zquez-Morej\u00f3n A, L\u00f3pez-Narbona M, et al. Description of characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of patients with severe and enduring eating disorders (SE-ED). J Eat Disord. 2021;9:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-021-00492-8.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR181","unstructured":"Eichhorn. The impact of informed touch on interoceptive awareness and binge\/purge frequency among women with chronic bulimia. [Ann Arbor, Mich.\u202f:]: UMI [u.a.],; 2014."},{"key":"1660_CR182","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda. Terapia grupal psicoeducativa en bulimia nerviosa. Psicolog\u00eda Contempor\u00e1nea. 2000;7:16."},{"key":"1660_CR183","first-page":"501","volume":"12","author":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, Casasnovas C, Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia S, Drug I, Mart\u00ednez C, N\u00fa\u00f1ez A, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral outpatient treatment for bulimia nervosa. Behav Psychol Psicolog\u00eda Conductual Barcelona. 2004;12:501\u201318.","journal-title":"Behav Psychol Psicolog\u00eda Conductual Barcelona"},{"key":"1660_CR184","volume-title":"Is dialectical behavior therapy more effective than person-centered approach against anorexia nervosa in teenage girls?","author":"Y Fujii","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fujii Y, Ando T, Kanno J, Nomura S. Is dialectical behavior therapy more effective than person-centered approach against anorexia nervosa in teenage girls? Denver: American Psychosomatic Society; 2016."},{"key":"1660_CR185","unstructured":"Wright N-D. Assessing The Effectiveness Of Attention Training Therapy In The Treatment Of Binge Eating Within Bulimia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder - A Randomised Controlled Trial [Internet]. Assessing The Effectiveness Of Attention Training Therapy In The Treatment Of Binge Eating Within Bulimia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder - A Randomised Controlled Trial. The University of Sydney; 2017. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2123\/18538"},{"key":"1660_CR186","unstructured":"Aardoom JJ. Just a click away. E-mental health for eating disorders. 2016; https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1887\/45091"},{"key":"1660_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.012","volume":"89","author":"JJ Aardoom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aardoom JJ, Dingemans AE, Fokkema M, Spinhoven P, Van Furth EF. Moderators of change in an Internet-based intervention for eating disorders with different levels of therapist support: What works for whom? Behav Res Ther. 2017;89:66\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2016.11.012.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5709","volume":"18","author":"J Aardoom","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aardoom J, Dingemans A, Spinhoven P, van Ginkel J, de Rooij M, van Furth E. Web-Based fully automated self-help with different levels of therapist support for individuals with eating disorder symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2016;18:e159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.5709.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1660_CR189","unstructured":"Abbasi M, Porzoor P, Moazedi K, Aslani T. The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Improving Body Image of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. Ardabil University of Medical Sciences; 2015; https:\/\/doaj.org\/article\/86fdea7abcb64b6ca22d1a2b9a50cd23"},{"key":"1660_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.57.2.215","volume":"57","author":"WS Agras","year":"1989","unstructured":"Agras WS, Schneider JA, Arnow B, Raeburn SD, Telch CF. Cognitive-behavioral and response-prevention treatments for bulimia nervosa. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1989;57:215\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.57.2.215.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(99)80007-0","volume":"30","author":"HN Allen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Allen HN, Craighead LW. Appetite monitoring in the treatment of binge eating disorder. Behav Ther. 1999;30:253\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7894(99)80007-0.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30483\/RIJM.2022.254311.1141","author":"S Ansari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ansari S, Asgari P, Makvandi B, Heidari A, Khorrami N. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on body image, psychological distress, and eating disorder beliefs in patients with anorexia nervosa. Razavi J Med. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30483\/RIJM.2022.254311.1141.","journal-title":"Razavi J Med."},{"key":"1660_CR193","unstructured":"Ashrafi S, Bahrainian A, Hajializadeh K, Ali Delavar. The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Bulimia Nervosa in Overweight Women. Armaqan Danesh Firoozeh; 2020; https:\/\/doaj.org\/article\/cd16ad3dd426487ab2c4cf737ebcaf1b"},{"key":"1660_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.11553","author":"S Barakat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barakat S, Burton AL, Cunich M, Hay P, Hazelton JL, Kim M, et al. A randomised controlled trial of clinician supported vs self-help delivery of online Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa. Psychiatry Res. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.11553.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1660_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3176","volume-title":"User experience and therapeutic alliance of treatment completers of clinician-supported versus self-help online intervention for eating disorders: a mixed methods approach","author":"S Barakat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barakat S, Rom S, Kim M, Aouad P, Maguire S. User experience and therapeutic alliance of treatment completers of clinician-supported versus self-help online intervention for eating disorders: a mixed methods approach. Wiley; 2025."},{"key":"1660_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2024.2433816","author":"S Bavi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bavi S, Heidari Soureshjani F, Ahmadi Z. The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on perceived stress, rumination, and distress tolerance in women with Bulimia Nervosa. Eat Disord. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2024.2433816.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR197","unstructured":"Berardi KL. The clinical effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for the treatment of body image disturbance in women with eating disorders. University of Windsor; 2008; https:\/\/scholar.uwindsor.ca\/etd\/8021"},{"key":"1660_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9486","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.142284799","volume":"99","author":"C Bergh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bergh C, Brodin U, Lindberg G, S\u00f6dersten P. Randomized controlled trial of a treatment for anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99:9486\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.142284799.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1660_CR199","first-page":"5112","volume":"71","author":"KAC Bhatnagar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhatnagar KAC. Effectiveness and feasibility of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention for body image disturbance in women with eating disorders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2011;71:5112\u20135112.","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering"},{"key":"1660_CR200","first-page":"572","volume":"61","author":"C Boerhout","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boerhout C, van Busschbach J, Voskamp M, Troquete N, Swart M, Hoek H. Aggression regulation in eating disorders: evidence for a brief body and movement oriented intervention. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2019;61:572\u201381.","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"},{"key":"1660_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.12.008","volume":"44","author":"E Burton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burton E, Stice E. Evaluation of a healthy-weight treatment program for bulimia nervosa: a preliminary randomized trial. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44:1727\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2005.12.008.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000182","volume":"16","author":"FM Cachelin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cachelin FM, Gil-Rivas V, Palmer B, Vela A, Phimphasone P, de Hernandez BU, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a culturally-adapted program for Latinas with binge eating. Psychol Serv. 2019;16:504\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ser0000182.","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"1660_CR203","unstructured":"\u00c7akmak\u00e7\u0131 Evrim, Zadeh MMozafari, Tayebi SMorteza. Cognitive behavior therapy improved the symptoms of bulimia nervosa in the athletes. ANNALS APPLIED SPORT SCIENCE; 2020; https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12395\/38522"},{"key":"1660_CR204","unstructured":"Carlucci S. Defensive Functioning in Adults with Binge-Eating Disorder. Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa \/ University of Ottawa; 2022; http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10393\/43097"},{"key":"1660_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/00207284.2022.2061980","volume":"72","author":"S Carlucci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carlucci S, Chyurlia L, Presniak M, Mcquaid N, Wiebe S, Hill R, et al. Change in defensive functioning following group psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy in women with Binge-eating Disorder. Int J Group Psychother. 2022;72:143\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207284.2022.2061980.","journal-title":"Int J Group Psychother"},{"key":"1660_CR206","unstructured":"Carrard I, Crepin C, Rouget P, Lam T, Van der Linden M. Acceptance and Efficacy of a Guided Internet Self-Help Treatment Program for Obese Patients with Binge Eating Disorder. 2011; https:\/\/archive-ouverte.unige.ch\/unige:25974"},{"key":"1660_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.4.616","volume":"66","author":"JC Carter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carter JC, Fairburn CG. Cognitive\u2013behavioral self-help for Binge Eating Disorder: a controlled effectiveness study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66:616\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.66.4.616.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2010.511930","volume":"18","author":"C Clyne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clyne C, Latner JD, Gleaves DH, Blampied NM. Treatment of emotional dysregulation in full syndrome and subthreshold binge eating disorder. Eat Disord. 2010;18:408\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2010.511930.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24337","volume":"58","author":"C Cook-Cottone","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cook-Cottone C, Roff C, Perey I, Lagutaine M, Guyker W. Efficacy of the eat breathe thrive recovery protocol delivered virtually to adults recovering from eating disorders: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:372\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24337.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.19.1.22","volume":"19","author":"NA Crafti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crafti NA. Integrating cognitive-behavioural and interpersonal approaches in a group program for the eating disorders: measuring effectiveness in a naturalistic setting. Behav Change. 2002;19:22\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1375\/bech.19.1.22.","journal-title":"Behav Change"},{"key":"1660_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/cp.12197","volume":"24","author":"B Dastan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dastan B, Afshar Zanjani S, Froueddin Adl A, Habibi M. The effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for treating women with obesity suffering from BED: a feasibility and pilot study. Clin Psychol. 2020;24:133\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cp.12197.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR212","first-page":"1897","volume":"64","author":"SL Dicker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dicker SL. Appetite-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa: A controlled treatment-outcome study. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2003;64:1897\u20131897.","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering"},{"key":"1660_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O1437","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2094","volume":"24","author":"C Duarte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duarte C, Pinto\u2010Gouveia J, Stubbs RJ. Compassionate attention and regulation of eating behaviour: a pilot study of a brief low\u2010intensity intervention for binge eating. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2017;24:O1437\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2094.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"1660_CR214","first-page":"2675","volume":"59","author":"MJ Esplen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Esplen MJ. A randomized trial investigating the effects of guided imagery in the promotion of self-soothing in bulimia nervosa. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 1998;59:2675\u20132675.","journal-title":"Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering"},{"key":"1660_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0123","volume":"12","author":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, N\u00fa\u00f1ez A, Mart\u00ednez C, Krug I, Cappozzo M, Carrard I, et al. Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: a controlled study. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12:37\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2008.0123.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6621.521","volume":"296","author":"CPL Freeman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Freeman CPL, Barry F, Dunkeld-Turnbull J, Henderson A. Controlled trial of psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa. Br Med J. 1988;296:521\u201352.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"1660_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20847","volume":"44","author":"J Geller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Geller J, Brown KE, Srikameswaran S. The efficacy of a brief motivational intervention for individuals with eating disorders: a randomized control trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44:497\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20847.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01459706","volume":"16","author":"M Gendron","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gendron M, Lemberg R, Allender J, Bohanske J. Effectiveness of the intensive group process-retreat model in the treatment of bulimia. Group. 1992;16:69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01459706.","journal-title":"Group"},{"key":"1660_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.03.005","volume":"29","author":"RW Goode","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goode RW, Kalarchian MA, Craighead L, Conroy MB, Wallace J, Eack SM, et al. The feasibility of a binge eating intervention in Black women with obesity. Eat Behav. 2018;29:83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.03.005.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.66.2.667-674","volume":"66","author":"JJ Gray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gray JJ, Hoage CM. Bulimia nervosa: Group behavior therapy with exposure plus response prevention. Psychol Rep. 1990;66:667\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/PR0.66.2.667-674.","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"1660_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.08.007","volume":"31","author":"MA Green","year":"2018","unstructured":"Green MA, Kroska A, Herrick A, Bryant B, Sage E, Miles L, et al. A preliminary trial of an online dissonance-based eating disorder intervention. Eat Behav. 2018;31:88\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2018.08.007.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"1660_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2400020405","volume":"2","author":"RA Griffiths","year":"1994","unstructured":"Griffiths RA, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Channon-Little L. A controlled evaluation of hypnobehavioural treatment for bulimia nervosa: immediate pre-post treatment effects. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 1994;2:202\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2400020405.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24071","volume":"57","author":"AF Haynos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haynos AF, Anderson LM, Askew AJ, Liu C, Venables K, Craske MG, et al. A randomized, controlled pilot study of positive affect treatment adapted for Anorexia Nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57:1253\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24071.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hessler-Kaufmann JB, Heese J, Berking M, Voderholzer U, Diedrich A. Emotion regulation strategies in bulimia nervosa: an experimental investigation of mindfulness, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring. BioMed Central; 2020; https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32637120","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-020-00129-3"},{"key":"1660_CR225","unstructured":"Hilbert A, Petroff D, Neuhaus P, Schmidt R. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with an age-adapted diagnosis of binge-eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. S. Karger; 2020; https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa2-757162"},{"key":"1660_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20812","volume":"44","author":"DM Hill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hill DM, Craighead LW, Safer DL. Appetite-focused dialectical behavior therapy for the treatment of binge eating with purging: a preliminary trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2011;44:249\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20812.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR227","unstructured":"Hoetzel K, von Brachel R, Schmidt U, Rieger E, Kosfelder J, Hechler T, et al. An internet-based program to enhance motivation to change in females with symptoms of an eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Cambridge Univ Press\u202f; 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013\u20132473 USA; 2014; https:\/\/osnascholar.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de\/handle\/unios\/14281"},{"key":"1660_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacobi C. Early detection and intervention of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial comparing a family-oriented, internet-based intervention with a control group without intervention. 2012; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/central\/CN-00974567\/full","DOI":"10.1002\/central\/CN-00974567\/full"},{"key":"1660_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23554","volume":"54","author":"PE Jenkins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jenkins PE, Luck A, Violato M, Robinson C, Fairburn CG. Clinical and cost\u2010effectiveness of two ways of delivering guided self\u2010help for people with an eating disorder: a multi\u2010arm randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2021;54:1224\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23554.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1173","volume":"121","author":"M Jones","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jones M, Luce KH, Osborne MI, Taylor K, Cunning D, Doyle AC, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of an Internet-facilitated intervention for reducing binge eating and overweight in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;121:453\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2007-1173.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1660_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106103","volume":"176","author":"AS Juarascio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Juarascio AS, Presseller EK, Wilkinson ML, Kelkar A, Srivastava P, Chen JY, et al. Correcting the reward imbalance in binge eating: a pilot randomized trial of reward re-training treatment. Appetite. 2022;176:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2022.106103.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"1660_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katatbh YM. The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program Based on Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT) in Reducing Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa Disorder (BND) and Improving Body Image Satisfaction among Overweight Women. Sultan Qaboos University, Oman; 2021; https:\/\/journals.squ.edu.om\/index.php\/jeps\/article\/view\/4091","DOI":"10.53543\/jeps.vol15iss1pp1-26"},{"key":"1660_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keegan E, Waller G, Tchanturia K, Wade TD. The potential value of brief waitlist interventions in enhancing treatment retention and outcomes: a randomised controlled trial. Atypon; 2024; https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38721888","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2024.2351867"},{"key":"1660_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12044","volume":"88","author":"AC Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly AC, Carter JC. Self\u2010compassion training for binge eating disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. 2015;88:285\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papt.12044.","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract"},{"key":"1660_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22930","volume":"51","author":"AC Kelly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kelly AC, Waring SV. A feasibility study of a 2\u2010week self\u2010compassionate letter\u2010writing intervention for nontreatment seeking individuals with typical and atypical anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51:1005\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22930.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.30483\/rijm.2022.254334.1160","volume":"10","author":"E Khadivizand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khadivizand E, Ahadi H, Nejat H, Golkar M. The effectiveness of interpersonal therapy on emotion regulation and depression in women with bulimia nervosa. Razavi Int J Med. 2022;10:38\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30483\/rijm.2022.254334.1160.","journal-title":"Razavi Int J Med"},{"key":"1660_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0179-1","volume":"5","author":"J Kristeller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kristeller J, Wolever RQ, Sheets V. Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT) for binge eating: a randomized clinical trial. Mindfulness. 2014;5:282\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-012-0179-1.","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"1660_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12462","author":"KH Kwag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kwag KH, Lee YK, Lee HR, Kim Y-R. Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of an Internet-based guided self-help intervention for female college students with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder in Korea. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/appy.12462.","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR239","first-page":"324","volume":"38","author":"RG Laessle","year":"1988","unstructured":"Laessle RG, Waadt S, Schindler L, Schweiger U, Pirke KM. A structured outpatient group treatment for bulimia. PPmP Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 1988;38:324\u20137.","journal-title":"PPmP Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000288044","volume":"48","author":"RG Laessle","year":"1987","unstructured":"Laessle RG, Waadt S, Pirke KM. A structured behaviorally oriented group treatment for bulimia nervosa. Psychother Psychosomat. 1987;48:141\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000288044.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosomat"},{"key":"1660_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198605)5:4","volume":"5","author":"NF Lee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee NF, Rush AJ. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for bulimia. Int J Eat Disord. 1986;5:599\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-108X(198605)5:4.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR242","first-page":"56","volume":"56","author":"R Liedtke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Liedtke R, Jager B, Lempa W, Kunsebeck H, Grone M, Freyberger H. Therapy outcome of two treatment models for bulimia nervosa: preliminary results of a controlled study. Psychother Psychosomat. 1991;56:56\u201363.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosomat"},{"key":"1660_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4646","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724002800","volume":"54","author":"J Linardon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Linardon J, Anderson C, McClure Z, Liu C, Messer M, Jarman HK, et al. A dialectical behavior therapy skills training smartphone app for recurrent binge eating: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Med. 2024;54:4646\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291724002800.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1660_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722001477","volume":"53","author":"J Linardon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Linardon J, Shatte A, McClure Z, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. A broad v. focused digital intervention for recurrent binge eating: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Psychol Med. 2023;53:4580\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291722001477.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1660_CR245","volume-title":"Efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral intervention for eating disorder psychopathology delivered through a smartphone app: a randomized controlled trial","author":"J Linardon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Linardon J, Shatte A, Rosato J, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral intervention for eating disorder psychopathology delivered through a smartphone app: a randomized controlled trial. Cambridge University Press; 2022."},{"key":"1660_CR246","volume-title":"Understanding the role of positive body image during digital interventions for eating disorders\u202f: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial","author":"J Linardon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Linardon J, Tylka T, Burnette C, Shatte A, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Understanding the role of positive body image during digital interventions for eating disorders\u202f: secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Elsevier Ltd; 2022."},{"key":"1660_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.06.010","volume":"45","author":"B Ljotsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ljotsson B, Lundin C, Mitsell K, Carlbring P, Ramklint M, Ghaderi A. Remote treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: a randomized trial of Internet-assisted cognitive behavioural therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45:649\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2006.06.010.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/shenakht.6.2.1","author":"T Mahmoudiyandastnaee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahmoudiyandastnaee T, Amiri S, Neshatdoost H, Manshaei G. Comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and CBT on modifying maladaptive schemas in patients16 to 23 years bulimia nervosa considering the parental bonding. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/shenakht.6.2.1.","journal-title":"Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathisen TF, Bratland-Sanda S, Rosenvinge JH, Friborg O, Pettersen G, Vrabel K-A, et al. Treatment effects on compulsive exercise and physical activity in eating disorders. 2018; http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/11250\/2595841","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0215-1"},{"key":"1660_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melisse B, Berg E van den, Jonge M de, Blankers M, Furth E van, Dekker J, et al. Efficacy of web-based guided self-help cognitive behavioral therapy-enhanced for binge eating disorder: randomized controlled trial. 2022; https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1887\/3621164","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.40472"},{"key":"1660_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00780-5","author":"D Mercado","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mercado D, Werthmann J, Antunes-Duarte T, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. A randomised controlled feasibility study of food-related computerised attention training versus mindfulness training and waiting-list control for adults with overweight or obesity: the focus study. J Eat Disord. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-023-00780-5.","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24466","author":"M Messer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Messer M, Liu C, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Anderson C, Tylka TL, Linardon J. Acceptability and efficacy of a Web-based, intuitive eating-focused single session intervention for recurrent binge eating: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24466.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moradi M, Samari A. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on clinical syndrome and body image in women with bulimia nervosa. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; 2017; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22038\/jfmh.2017.9308","DOI":"10.22038\/jfmh.2017.9308"},{"key":"1660_CR254","unstructured":"Morgan AD. Mindfulness and Binge Eating from a Transdiagnostic Framework: Findings from a Randomised Control Trial. Griffith University; 2009; http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10072\/367098"},{"key":"1660_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.3.230","volume":"181","author":"RL Palmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Palmer RL, Birchall H, McGrain L, Sullivan V. Self-help for bulimic disorders: a randomised controlled trial comparing minimal guidance with face-to-face or telephone guidance. Br J Psychiatry. 2002;181:230\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.181.3.230.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-023-02263-9","volume":"14","author":"D Peitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peitz D, Warschburger P. What are you hungry for? The 9 hunger mindful eating online randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness. 2023;14:2868\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-023-02263-9.","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"1660_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2684","volume":"27","author":"ML Pellizzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pellizzer ML, Waller G, Wade TD. A pragmatic effectiveness study of 10\u2010session cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT\u2010T) for eating disorders: targeting barriers to treatment provision. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019;27:557\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2684.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR258","unstructured":"Person SM. A two-study investigation into the link between rumination and night eating, and symptom improvement following a mindfulness-based intervention. 2021; http:\/\/knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca\/handle\/2453\/4741"},{"key":"1660_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030345","volume":"166","author":"CB Peterson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peterson CB, Mitchell JE, Crow SJ, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA. The efficacy of self-help group treatment and therapist-led group treatment for binge eating disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166:1347\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09030345.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199809)24:2","volume":"24","author":"CB Peterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peterson CB, Mitchell JE, Engbloom S, Nugent S, Mussell MP, Miller JP. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of binge eating disorder: a comparison of therapist-led versus self-help formats. Int J Eat Disord. 1998;24:125\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199809)24:2.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2072","volume":"24","author":"J Pinto\u2010Gouveia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinto\u2010Gouveia J, Carvalho SA, Palmeira L, Castilho P, Duarte C, Ferreira C, et al. BEfree: a new psychological program for binge eating that integrates psychoeducation, mindfulness, and compassion. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2017;24:1090\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2072.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"1660_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11127","volume":"7","author":"L Pruessner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pruessner L, Timm C, Barnow S, Rubel JA, Lalk C, Hartmann S. Effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention for binge eating disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:E2411127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11127.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1660_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2017.11.002","volume":"9","author":"M Rahmani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rahmani M, Omidi A, Asemi Z, Akbari H. The effect of dialectical behaviour therapy on binge eating, difficulties in emotion regulation and BMI in overweight patients with binge-eating disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Ment Health Prev. 2018;9:13\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mhp.2017.11.002.","journal-title":"Ment Health Prev"},{"key":"1660_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahmati S, Borjali A. The effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on body image, attachment style and emotion regulation in women with eating disorder. University of Tehran; 2022; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/japr.2022.317446.643734","DOI":"10.22059\/japr.2022.317446.643734"},{"key":"1660_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richard K. Treating binge eating disorder and obesity with eye movement desensitisation reprocessing. 2018;11:282https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000489691","DOI":"10.1159\/000489691"},{"key":"1660_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.818","volume":"16","author":"P Robinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robinson P, Serfaty M. Getting better byte by byte: a pilot randomised controlled trial of email therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2008;16:84\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.818.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1767","volume":"20","author":"J Ruwaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruwaard J, Lange A, Broeksteeg J, Renteria\u2010Agirre A, Schrieken B, Dolan CV, et al. Online cognitive\u2013behavioural treatment of bulimic symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2013;20:308\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.1767.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"1660_CR268","unstructured":"Saekow J. Student bodies-indicated: A self-guided, moderated online prevention program for women with subclinical eating disorders. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2016. https:\/\/research.ebsco.com\/linkprocessor\/plink?id=22f79431-5cba-360f-b5eb-f62970cba6cc"},{"key":"1660_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.632","volume":"158","author":"DL Safer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Safer DL, Telch CF, Agras WS. Dialectical behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:632\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.632.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1026\/0942-5403.18.3.180","volume":"18","author":"H Salbach-Andrae","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salbach-Andrae H, Bohnekamp I, Bierbaum T, Schneider N, Thurn C, Stiglmayr C, et al. Dialectical behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for anorexia and bulimia nervosa among adolescents: a randomized, controlled trial with a waiting control group. Kindheit und Entwicklung. 2009;18:180\u201390.","journal-title":"Kindheit und Entwicklung."},{"key":"1660_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-015-0182-3","volume":"20","author":"S Schlegel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schlegel S, Hartmann A, Fuchs R, Zeeck A. The Freiburg sport therapy program for eating disordered outpatients: a pilot study. Eat Weight Disord. 2015;20:319\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-015-0182-3.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.046607","volume":"193","author":"U Schmidt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmidt U, Andiappan M, Grover M, Robinson S, Perkins S, Dugmore O, et al. Randomised controlled trial of CD-ROM-based cognitive-behavioural self-care for bulimia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193:493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.046607.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1660_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24432","volume":"58","author":"H Senra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Senra H, Duarte C, Carvalho SA, Simoes L, Ferreira C, Palmeira L, et al. eBEfree: Combining psychoeducation, mindfulness, and self-compassion in an app-based psychological intervention to manage binge-eating symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Eat Disord. 2025;58:1199\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.24432.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.787","volume":"15","author":"JR Shapiro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shapiro JR, Reba-Harrelson L, Dymek-Valentine M, Woolson SL, Hamer RM, Bulik CM. Feasibility and acceptability of CD-ROM-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for binge-eating disorder. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2007;15:175\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.787.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sheykhangafshe FB, Khalkhali FR, Niri VS, Zolfagharnia M, Nahid Mikelani. The Efficacy of Schema Therapy on Rumination, Depression, and Personality Function of Women with Bulimia Nervosa. University of Tehran; 2024; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22059\/japr.2024.363123.644695","DOI":"10.22059\/japr.2024.363123.644695"},{"key":"1660_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2017.02.002","volume":"48","author":"SW Strandskov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strandskov SW, Ghaderi A, Andersson H, Parmskog N, Hjort E, W\u00e4rn AS, et al. Effects of tailored and ACT-influenced internet-based CBT for eating disorders and the relation between knowledge acquisition and outcome: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Ther. 2017;48:624\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2017.02.002.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200202000-00002","volume":"34","author":"J Sundgot-Borgen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sundgot-Borgen J, Rosenvinge JH, Bahr R, Schneider LS. The effect of exercise, cognitive therapy, and nutritional counseling in treating bulimia nervosa. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 2002;34:190\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200202000-00002.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"1660_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.69.6.1061","volume":"69","author":"CF Telch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Telch CF, Agras WS, Linehan MM. Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:1061\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.69.6.1061.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.5.629","volume":"58","author":"CF Telch","year":"1990","unstructured":"Telch CF, Agras WS, Rossiter EM, Wilfley D, Kenardy J. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment for the nonpurging bulimic: an initial evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990;58:629\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.58.5.629.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3946","volume":"17","author":"ED ter Huurne","year":"2015","unstructured":"ter Huurne ED, de Haan HA, Postel MG, van der Palen J, VanDerNagel JE, DeJong CA. Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy for female patients with eating disorders: Randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17:e152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3946.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1660_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00929-0","volume":"26","author":"ED ter Huurne","year":"2021","unstructured":"ter Huurne ED, de Haan HA, Postel MG, DeJong CAJ, VanDerNagel JEL, van der Palen J. Long-term effectiveness of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord Stud Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2021;26:911\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00929-0.","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord Stud Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity"},{"key":"1660_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.10.007","volume":"49","author":"GD Traviss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Traviss GD, Heywood-Everett S, Hill AJ. Guided self-help for disordered eating: a randomised control trial. Behav Res Ther. 2011;49:25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2010.10.007.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1660_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6930.686","volume":"308","author":"J Treasure","year":"1994","unstructured":"Treasure J, Schmidt U, Troop N, Tiller J, Todd G, Keilen M, et al. First step in managing bulimia nervosa: Controlled trial of therapeutic manual. BMJ. 1994;308:686\u20139.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1660_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.629","author":"B Vollert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vollert B, Yim SH, G\u00f6rlich D, Beintner I, Gordon G, Musiat P, et al. Using web-based, guided self-help to bridge the waiting time for face-to-face out-patient treatment for bulimic-spectrum disorders: Randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2023.629.","journal-title":"BJPsych Open."},{"key":"1660_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22723","volume":"50","author":"S Wade","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wade S, Byrne S, Allen K. Enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders adapted for a group setting. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50:863\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22723.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR286","unstructured":"Weineland S, Ghaderi A, Andersson H, Parmskog N, Hjort E, Svanberg W\u00e4rn A, et al. Effects of Tailored and ACT-Influenced Internet-Based CBT for Eating Disorders and the Relation Between Knowledge Acquisition and Outcome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Link\u00f6pings universitet, Institutionen f\u00f6r beteendevetenskap och l\u00e4rande\u202f; Link\u00f6pings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten\u202f; Link\u00f6pings universitet\u202f; Link\u00f6pings universitet, Psykologi\u202f; N\u00e4rh\u00e4lsan, Sweden\u202f; Karolinska Institute, Sweden\u202f; Assoc ADV Behavior Therapy; 2017; http:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139900"},{"key":"1660_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1374","volume":"10","author":"MJ Westgate","year":"2019","unstructured":"Westgate MJ. Revtools: an R package to support article screening for evidence synthesis. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10:606\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1374.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1660_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.2.296","volume":"61","author":"DE Wilfley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilfley DE, Agras WS, Telch CF, Rossiter EM, Schneider JA, Cole AG, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy and group interpersonal psychotherapy for the nonpurging bulimic individual: a controlled comparison. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61:296\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.61.2.296.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1660_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199201)11:1","volume":"11","author":"EM Wolf","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wolf EM, Crowther JH. An evaluation of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral group interventions for the treatment of bulimia nervosa in women. Int J Eat Disord. 1992;11:3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-108X(199201)11:1.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1660_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2856","volume":"29","author":"A Wyssen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wyssen A, Meyer AH, Messerli-B\u00fcrgy N, Forrer F, Vanhulst P, Lalanne D, et al. BED-online: acceptance and efficacy of an internet-based treatment for binge-eating disorder: ahandboo randomized clinical trial including waitlist conditions. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2021;29:937\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2856.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"1660_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeeck A, Schlegel S, Jagau F, Lahmann C, Hartmann A. The Freiburg sport therapy program for eating disorders: a randomized controlled trial. 2020; https:\/\/freidok.uni-freiburg.de\/data\/166683","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-020-00309-0"}],"container-title":["Journal of Eating Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40337-026-01660-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-026-01660-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40337-026-01660-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T11:57:51Z","timestamp":1780919871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40337-026-01660-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":291,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-026-01660-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-2974"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-2974","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Outside the work of this systematic review and meta-analysis, PSM, CT, and RSS are supported by a research grant from the Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA \u2013 Federal Joint Committee, Germany). MK, AC, and AK have no potential conflicts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"129"}}