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Anderson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["123456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["123456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Bipolar Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To compare characteristics of bipolar disorder patients diagnosed as DSM-5 types I (BD-1) vs. II (BD-2).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We compared descriptive, psychopathological, and treatment characteristics in a sample of 1377 consenting, closely and repeatedly evaluated adult BD patient-subjects from a specialty clinic, using bivariate methods and logistic multivariable modeling.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Factors found more among BD-2\u2009&gt;\u2009BD-1 cases included: [a] <jats:italic>descriptors<\/jats:italic> (more familial affective disorder, older at onset, diagnosis and first-treatment, more education, employment and higher socioeconomic status, more marriage and children, and less obesity); [b] <jats:italic>morbidity<\/jats:italic> (more general medical diagnoses, less drug abuse and smoking, more initial depression and less [hypo]mania or psychosis, longer episodes, higher intake depression and anxiety ratings, less mood-switching with antidepressants, less seasonal mood-change, greater %-time depressed and less [hypo]manic, fewer hospitalizations, more depression-predominant polarity, DMI\u2009&gt;\u2009MDI course-pattern, and less violent suicidal behavior); [c] specific <jats:italic>item-scores<\/jats:italic> with initial HDRS<jats:sub>21<\/jats:sub> (higher scores for depression, guilt, suicidality, insomnia, anxiety, agitation, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypochondriasis and weight-loss, with less psychomotor retardation, depersonalization, or paranoia); and [d] <jats:italic>treatment<\/jats:italic> (less use of lithium or antipsychotics, more antidepressant and benzodiazepine treatment).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BD-2 was characterized by more prominent and longer depressions with some hypomania and mixed-features but not mania and rarely psychosis. BD-2 subjects had higher socioeconomic and functional status but also high levels of long-term morbidity and suicidal risk. Accordingly, BD-2 is dissimilar to, but not necessarily less severe than BD-1, consistent with being distinct syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-022-00268-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]],"date-time":"2022-08-03T03:23:43Z","timestamp":1659497023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Differences between bipolar disorder types 1 and 2 support the DSM two-syndrome concept"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Tondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Miola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Contu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Baldessarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.12.001","volume":"85","author":"HS Akiskal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Hayakal RF, Manning JS, Connor PD. 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