{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:31:02Z","timestamp":1772166662670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Bipolar Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-025-00371-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T13:18:36Z","timestamp":1740316716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethnic differences in efficacy of drug treatment in patients with an acute manic episode: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bram W. C.","family":"Storosum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sem E.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cedrine A.","family":"Steinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taina K.","family":"Mattila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlijn C.","family":"Welten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van den Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kit","family":"Roes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lieuwe","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damiaan A. J. P.","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasper B.","family":"Zantvoord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00203-2","volume":"59","author":"HS Akiskal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akiskal HS, Bourgeois ML, Angst J, Post R, Moller H, Hirschfeld R. Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord. 2000;59(Suppl 1):S5\u201330.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.002412012","volume":"64","author":"JG Arnold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arnold JG, Miller AL, Canive JM, Rosenheck RA, Swartz MS, Mintz J. Comparison of outcomes for African Americans, Hispanics, and Non-Hispanic Whites in the CATIE study. Psychiatr Serv. 2013;64(6):570\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"371_CR3","unstructured":"Association AP. The Diagnostical and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 2013."},{"key":"371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.10.003","volume":"84","author":"C Blanco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanco C, Compton WM, Saha TD, Goldstein BI, Ruan WJ, Huang B, Grant BF. Epidemiology of DSM-5 bipolar I disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions\u2013III. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:310\u20137.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006161","volume":"36","author":"J Breslau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breslau J, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Kendler KS, Su M, Williams D, Kessler RC. Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample. Psychol Med. 2006;36(1):57\u201368.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-8-200410190-00009","volume":"141","author":"LM Brewster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brewster LM, van Montfrans GA, Kleijnen J. Systematic review: antihypertensive drug therapy in black patients. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(8):614\u201327.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"371_CR7","unstructured":"Bureau USC. The 2020 Census. 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"371_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107082105","volume":"22","author":"I Chaudhry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chaudhry I, Neelam K, Duddu V, Husain N. Ethnicity and psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2008;22(6):673\u201380.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199801000-00004","volume":"186","author":"YR Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen YR, Swann AC, Johnson BA. Stability of diagnosis in bipolar disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998;186(1):17\u201323.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"9799","key":"371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60873-8","volume":"378","author":"A Cipriani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cipriani A, Barbui C, Salanti G, Rendell J, Brown R, Stockton S, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antimanic drugs in acute mania: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet. 2011;378(9799):1306\u201315.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"371_CR11","unstructured":"CPMP. Note for guidance on clinical investigation of medicinal product of the treatment and prevention of bipolar disorder. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products; 2001."},{"issue":"3","key":"371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32834228af","volume":"26","author":"EK Degenhardt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Degenhardt EK, Tamayo JM, Jamal HH, Gatz J, Tohen M, Durell TM. Relationship between African-American or Caucasian origin and outcomes in the olanzapine treatment of acute mania: a pooled analysis of three adult studies conducted in the United States of America. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(3):141\u20135.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002","volume":"35","author":"J Endicott","year":"1978","unstructured":"Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35(7):837\u201344.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304","volume":"326","author":"A Flanagin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flanagin A, Frey T, Christiansen SL. Updated guidance on the reporting of race and ethnicity in medical and science journals. JAMA. 2021;326(7):621\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0802","volume":"63","author":"DE Fleck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fleck DE, Hendricks WL, DelBello MP, Strakowski SM. Differential prescription of maintenance antipsychotics to African American and white patients with new-onset bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(8):658\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"371_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.07.001","volume":"27","author":"\u00d3 H\u00e1lfd\u00e1narson","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00e1lfd\u00e1narson \u00d3, Zo\u00ebga H, Aagaard L, Bernardo M, Brandt L, Fust\u00e9 AC, et al. International trends in antipsychotic use: a study in 16 countries, 2005\u20132014. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;27(10):1064\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"371_CR17","first-page":"61","volume":"37","author":"BE Jones","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jones BE, Gray BA. Problems in diagnosing schizophrenia and affective disorders among blacks. Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1986;37(1):61\u20135.","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"371_CR18","first-page":"168","volume":"6","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization\u2019s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry. 2007;6(3):168\u201376.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.8.931","volume":"55","author":"AM Kilbourne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kilbourne AM, Haas GL, Mulsant BH, Bauer MS, Pincus HA. Concurrent psychiatric diagnoses by age and race among persons with bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(8):931\u20133.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"5","key":"371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.543","volume":"64","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, Greenberg PE, Hirschfeld RM, Petukhova M, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):543\u201352.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"16","key":"371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3656","volume":"313","author":"LA Stewart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stewart LA, Clarke M, Rovers M, Riley RD, Simmonds M, Stewart G, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses of individual participant data: the PRISMA-IPD Statement. JAMA. 2015;313(16):1657\u201365.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.19","author":"BWCCS Storosum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Storosum BWCCS, Mattila T, Roes K, Welten CCM, van den Brink W, de Haan L, Denys DAJP, Zantvoord JB. Ethnic differences in response to atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Bjpsych Open. 2022b. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2023.19.","journal-title":"Bjpsych Open"},{"key":"371_CR23","unstructured":"Storosum BWC CS, Mattila T, Roes K, Welten CCM, Brink van den W, Haan de L, Denys, DAJP, Zantvoord JB. 2022 Gender differences in the response to antipsychotic and mood stabilisers medication in patients with acute mania: An individual patient data meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Submitted to Bipolar Disorders."},{"issue":"7","key":"371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0702","volume":"64","author":"SM Strakowski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strakowski SM, Keck PE Jr, Arnold LM, Collins J, Wilson RM, Fleck DE, et al. Ethnicity and diagnosis in patients with affective disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(7):747\u201354.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-402","volume":"13","author":"K Stronks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stronks K, Snijder MB, Peters RJ, Prins M, Schene AH, Zwinderman AH. Unravelling the impact of ethnicity on health in Europe: the HELIUS study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:402.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0518g","volume":"64","author":"BL Szarek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Szarek BL, Goethe JW. Racial differences in use of antipsychotics among patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(5):614\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318033bd4a","volume":"27","author":"JM Tamayo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tamayo JM, Mazzotti G, Tohen M, Gattaz WF, Zapata R, Castillo JJ, et al. Outcomes for Latin American versus White patients suffering from acute mania in a randomized, double-blind trial comparing olanzapine and haloperidol. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27(2):126\u201334.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"371_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12288","volume":"17","author":"M Valenti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valenti M, Pacchiarotti I, Undurraga J, Bonnin CM, Popovic D, Goikolea JM, et al. Risk factors for rapid cycling in. Bipolar Disord. 2015;17(5):549\u201359.","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"371_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.11.007","volume":"28","author":"E Vieta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vieta E, Popovic D, Rosa AR, Sole B, Grande I, Frey BN, et al. The clinical implications of cognitive impairment and allostatic load in bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry. 2013;28(1):21\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"371_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.208","volume":"23","author":"CE Wiers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiers CE, Towb PC, Hodgkinson CA, Shen PH, Freeman C, Miller G, et al. Association of genetic ancestry with striatal dopamine D2\/D3 receptor availability. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(8):1711\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"371_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.192","volume":"36","author":"A Yildiz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yildiz A, Vieta E, Leucht S, Baldessarini RJ. Efficacy of antimanic treatments: meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011;36(2):375\u201389.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"371_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","volume":"133","author":"RC Young","year":"1978","unstructured":"Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429\u201335.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"371_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1037\/1099-9809.5.2.134","volume":"5","author":"AY Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang AY, Snowden LR. Ethnic characteristics of mental disorders in five U.S. communities. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 1999;5(2):134\u201346.","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Bipolar Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40345-025-00371-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40345-025-00371-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40345-025-00371-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T13:18:39Z","timestamp":1740316719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalbipolardisorders.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40345-025-00371-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40345-025-00371-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4875496\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2194-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Internal Review Boards of the various pharmaceutical companies have approved of the randomised controlled trials that were included in this study. All participants of these trials gave informed consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}