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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is emerging as a novel non-invasive treatment for bipolar depression. Given the portability and safety of tDCS, we developed a home-based protocol with real-time supervision. Our aim was to assess the cognitive effects of a course of tDCS treatment in bipolar depression. 44 participants (31 women, mean age 47.27 years, SD 12.89) with bipolar depression of at least a moderate severity received 21 sessions of home-based tDCS over 6 weeks in an open-label design. The stimulation protocol involved 2 mA in a bilateral frontal montage (F3 anode, F4 cathode) for 30 min per session. Cognitive assessments were conducted at baseline and after the course of treatment: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess verbal learning and memory and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to assess psychomotor processing speed and visuospatial attention. 93.18% (n\u2009=\u200941) completed RAVLT and 59.09% of participants (n\u2009=\u200926) completed SDMT. A significant improvement was observed in RAVLT verbal learning score post-treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), which was not maintained following adjustment for improvement in depressive symptoms. In summary, a course of home-based tDCS in bipolar depression was associated with an improvement in verbal learning, which appeared to be related to improvement in depressive symptoms. These findings suggest potential benefits of tDCS for addressing cognitive impairments in bipolar depression, which can be investigated further in a sham-controlled design.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-025-00376-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T11:37:36Z","timestamp":1742211456000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functioning in bipolar depression: an open-label, single-arm acceptability and feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hakimeh","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel D.","family":"Woodham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali-Reza","family":"Ghazi-Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Bramon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia H. 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All participants provided written informed consent for their participation. The privacy and rights of human subjects was observed at all times.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors AG, RW, HR, PR, EB and MB do not report any declarations of interest. Author CF acknowledges support from National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH134236), Milken Institute Baszucki Brain Research (BD00029), Rosetrees Trust (CF20212104), International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA158102845), and research grant funding from Flow Neuroscience. tDCS devices were provided by Flow Neuroscience. Author AY reports the following declaration of interests: Paid lectures and advisory boards for the following companies with drugs used in affective and related disorders: Flow Neuroscience, Novartis, Roche, Janssen, Takeda, Noema pharma, Compass, Astrazenaca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, LivaNova, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Servier, Livanova, Janssen, Allegan, Bionomics, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sage, Neurocentrx. Principal Investigator for the following studies: (1) the Restore-Life VNS registry study funded by LivaNova; (2) ESKETINTRD3004: \u201cAn Open-label, Long-term, Safety and Efficacy Study of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-resistant Depression\u201d; (3) The Effects of Psilocybin on Cognitive Function in Healthy Participants; (4) The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants with Treatment-Resistant Depression (P-TRD); (5) A Double- Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study with Quetiapine Extended Release as Comparator to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Seltorexant 20\u00a0mg as Adjunctive Therapy to Antidepressants in Adult and Elderly Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with Insomnia Symptoms Who Have Responded Inadequately to Antidepressant Therapy. (Janssen); (6) An Open-label, Long-term, Safety and Efficacy Study of Aticaprant as Adjunctive Therapy in Adult and Elderly Participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). (Janssen); (7) A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicentre, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Aticaprant 10\u00a0mg as Adjunctive Therapy in Adult Participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with Moderate-to-severe Anhedonia and Inadequate Response to Current Antidepressant Therapy; (8) A Study of Disease Characteristics and Real-life Standard of Care Effectiveness in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) With Anhedonia and Inadequate Response to Current Antidepressant Therapy Including an SSRI or SNR. (Janssen). UK Chief Investigator for the following studies: (1) Novartis MDD study MIJ821A12201; (2) Compass; COMP006 & COMP007 studies. Grant funding (past and present): NIMH (USA); CIHR (Canada); NARSAD (USA); Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA); MRC (UK); Wellcome Trust (UK); Royal College of Physicians (Edin); BMA (UK); UBC-VGH Foundation (Canada); WEDC (Canada); CCS Depression Research Fund (Canada); MSFHR (Canada); NIHR (UK). Janssen (UK) EU Horizon 2020. Editor of Journal of Psychopharmacology and Deputy Editor, BJPsych Open. No shareholdings in pharmaceutical companies.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}