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A total of 836 clinical isolates of GNB were collected from pediatric and general hospitals from January 2018 to the end of December 2019. The identification of bacterial isolates was performed by conventional biochemical tests. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the disk diffusion method (DDM). The frequency of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) was screened by the PCR method via specific primers. Among all pediatric and general hospitals, the predominant GNB isolates were <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 327) and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 144). However, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20\/144; 13.9%) had the highest frequency in clinical samples collected from pediatrics. The DDM results showed that 64.3% of all GNB were resistant to all of the tested aminoglycoside agents. <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> with 93.6%, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> with 93.4%, and <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. with 86.5% exhibited very high levels of resistance to gentamicin. Amikacin was the most effective antibiotic against <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates. In total, the results showed that the <jats:italic>aac (6')-Ib<\/jats:italic> gene with 59% had the highest frequency among genes encoding AMEs in GNB. The frequency of the surveyed aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes among all GNB was found as follows: <jats:italic>aph (3')-VIe<\/jats:italic> (48.7%), <jats:italic>aadA15<\/jats:italic> (38.6%), <jats:italic>aph (3')-Ia<\/jats:italic> (31.3%), <jats:italic>aph (3')-II<\/jats:italic> (14.4%), and <jats:italic>aph (6)<\/jats:italic> (2.6%). The obtained data demonstrated that the phenotypic and genotypic aminoglycoside resistance among GNB was quite high and it is possible that the resistance genes may frequently spread among clinical isolates of GNB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-022-00134-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T16:13:28Z","timestamp":1643991208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance in the Gram-negative bacteria isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Azimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Armin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Samadi Kafil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafiseh","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarash","family":"Ghazvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sepide","family":"Hasanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Shahraki Zahedani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Rafiei Tabatabaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Fallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"134_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.01.030","volume":"69","author":"A Bahramian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bahramian A, Shariati A, Azimi T, Sharahi JY, Bostanghadiri N, Gachkar L et al (2019) First report of New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase-6 (NDM-6) among Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 strains isolated from dialysis patients in Iran. 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NIMAD. REC1394.001).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data. They played an active role in drafting the article or revising it critically to achieve important intellectual content, gave the final approval of the version to be published, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2"}}