{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T03:20:21Z","timestamp":1779938421325,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Greifswald"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cell Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The gut is an environment in which the immune system closely interacts with a vast number of\u00a0foreign antigens, both inert such as food and alive, from the viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal microbiota. Within\u00a0this environment, germinal centres, which are microanatomical structures where B cells affinity-mature, are\u00a0chronically present and active.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main Body<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The functional mechanism by which gut-associated germinal centres contribute to gut homeostasis is\u00a0not well understood. Additionally, the role of T cells in class switching to immunoglobulin A and the importance of B\u00a0cell affinity maturation in homeostasis remains elusive. Here, we provide a brief overview of the dynamics of\u00a0gut-associated\u00a0germinal centres, T cell dependency in Immunoglobulin A class switching, and the current state of\u00a0research regarding the role of B cell selection in germinal centres in the gut under steady-state conditions in\u00a0gnotobiotic mouse models and complex microbiota, as well as in response to immunization and microbial\u00a0colonization. Furthermore, we briefly link those processes to immune system maturation and relevant diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>B cell response at mucosal surfaces consists of a delicate interplay of many dynamic factors,\u00a0including the microbiota and continuous B cell influx. The rapid turnover within gut-associated germinal centres and\u00a0potential influences of an early-life window of immune system imprinting complicate B cell dynamics in the gut.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-024-00180-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T03:16:58Z","timestamp":1723778218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["B cell academy of the gut: an update on gut associated germinal centre B cell dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Wirthgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla R.","family":"Nowosad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"D\u00e4britz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"180_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2308511120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2308511120","volume":"120","author":"R Sender","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sender R, Weiss Y, Navon Y et al (2023) The total mass, number, and distribution of immune cells in the human body. 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