{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:24:20Z","timestamp":1790735060499,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cell Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patent ductus arteriosus is one of the most common cardiac conditions affecting the neonates. Considering the lack of studies done on this topic in healthcare settings in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, this study aims to find out the comparative effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in management of PDA in our healthcare setting to conclude a better management option for the condition.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To find and compare the effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Nursery and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from 10th April 2024 to 10th October 2024. A total of 256 neonates of both genders with patent ductus arteriosus were included. Group A received oral paracetamol, and Group B received oral ibuprofen. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated at the end of the treatment period.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The age range in this study was from 48 to 96\u00a0h, with a mean age of 71.79\u2009\u00b1\u200913.10\u00a0h in Group A and 73.40\u2009\u00b1\u200911.81\u00a0h in Group B. Efficacy was observed in 107 (83.6%) patients in Group A compared to 90 (70.3%) patients in Group B, showing a statistically significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study has concluded that paracetamol is more effective than ibuprofen in closing patent ductus arteriosus. The trials were retrospectively registered at NIH Trial Registry (NCT06601114) <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06601114\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06601114<\/jats:ext-link> dated 15\/09\/2024.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-025-00189-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T05:07:46Z","timestamp":1737781666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of the Effectiveness of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in the Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"S. Mohsin Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaista Azeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faran","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruba","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2755-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faizan","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misbah Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Khalid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faryal","family":"Uzma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arooj","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"189_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F408","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306033","volume":"99","author":"JJ Van Vonderen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Vonderen JJ, te Pas AB, Kolster-Bijdevaate C, van Lith JM, Blom NA, Hooper SB et al (2014) Non-invasive measurements of ductus arteriosus flow directly after birth. Arch Dis Child Fetal Nenatal Ed 99:F408\u2013F412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306033","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Nenatal Ed"},{"key":"189_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F431","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306176","volume":"99","author":"AM Heuchan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heuchan AM, Clyman RI (2014) Managing the patent ductus arteriosus: current treatment options. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 99:F431\u2013F436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306176","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"189_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01277-2","volume":"42","author":"G de Carvalho Nunes","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Carvalho Nunes G, Wutthigate P, Simoneau J, Beltempo M, Sant\u2019Anna GM, Altit G (2022) Natural evolution of the patent ductus arteriosus in the extremely premature newborn and respiratory outcomes. J Perinatol 42(5):642\u2013648","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"189_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.607564","volume":"24","author":"G Capozzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Capozzi G, Santoro G (2011) Patent ductus arteriosus: patho-physiology, hemodynamic effects and clinical complications. J Matern -Fetal Neonatal Med 24(sup1):15\u201316","journal-title":"J Matern -Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"189_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517722698","volume":"46","author":"M Al\u2013Lawama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al\u2013Lawama M, Alammori I, Abdelghani T, Badran E (2018) Oral Paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. J Int Med Res 46:811\u2013818","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"189_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F94","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302044","volume":"98","author":"MY Oncel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oncel MY, Yurttutan S, Uras N et al (2013) An alternative drug (Paracetamol) in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in ibuprofen resistant or contraindicated preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 98:F94","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"12","key":"189_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1896","volume":"319","author":"S Mitra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitra S, Florez ID, Tamayo ME, Mbuagbaw L, Vanniyasingam T, Veroniki AA et al (2018) Association of placebo, Indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen with closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA [Internet] 319(12):1221","journal-title":"JAMA [Internet]"},{"key":"189_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.11.008","volume":"43","author":"H Sallmon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sallmon H, Koehne P, Hansmann G (2016) Recent advances in the Treatment of Preterm Newborn Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus. Clin Perinatol 43:113\u2013129","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"189_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3975","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.3975","volume":"26","author":"MM Bagheri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bagheri MM, Niknafs P, Sabsevari F, Torabi MH, Bijari BB, Noroozi E, Mossavi H (2016) Comparison of oral acetaminophen versus ibuprofen in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Iran J Pediatr 26(4):e3975","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"189_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bardanzellu F, Neroni P, Dess\u00ec A, Fanos V (2017) Paracetamol in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment: Efficacious and Safe? Biomed Res Int. ;2017:1438038. doi: 10.1155\/2017\/1438038. Epub 2017 Jul 30. PMID: 28828381; PMCID: PMC5554551","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1438038"},{"issue":"12","key":"189_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722329","volume":"39","author":"SD Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah SD, Makker K, Nandula P, Smotherman C, Kropf A, Hudak ML (2022) Effectiveness of dual medication therapy (oral acetaminophen and oral ibuprofen) for the management of patent Ductus Arteriosus in extremely premature infants: a feasibility trial. Am J Perinatol 39(12):1326\u20131333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1722329Epub 2021 Jan 17. PMID: 33454945","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"189_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0915-y","volume":"161","author":"P Lago","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lago P, Bettiol T, Salvadori S, Pitassi I, Vianello A, Chiandetti L et al (2002) Safety and efficacy of ibuprofen versus indomethacin in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Pediatrics 161(4):202\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-002-0915-y","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatrics"},{"key":"189_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klerk J, Engbers A, Beek F, Flint R, V\u00f6ller S, Simons S (2020) Spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review. Front Pead 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.00541","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00541"},{"issue":"6","key":"189_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-303688","volume":"98","author":"K Allegaert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allegaert K, Anderson B, Simons S, Overmeire B (2013) Paracetamol to induce ductus arteriosus closure: is it valid? Arch Dis Child 98(6):462\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2013-303688","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"189_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03118.x","volume":"65","author":"D Hirt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirt D, Overmeire B, Tr\u00e9luyer J, Langhendries J, Marguglio A, Eisinger M et al (2008) An optimized ibuprofen dosing scheme for preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus, based on a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 65(5):629\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03118.x","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"189_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.54307\/2024.nwmj.79","volume":"4","author":"A Yaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yaman A (2024) Is medical therapy succesful in hemodynamically significant patent ductus treatment in term newborns? Northwest Med J 4(1):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54307\/2024.nwmj.79","journal-title":"Northwest Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"189_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1596-5","volume":"164","author":"R Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas R, Parker G, Overmeire B, Aranda J (2004) A meta-analysis of ibuprofen versus indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus. Eur J Pediatrics 164(3):135\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-004-1596-5","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatrics"},{"key":"189_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1438038","volume":"2017","author":"F Bardanzellu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bardanzellu F, Neroni P, Dess\u00ec A, Fanos V (2017) Paracetamol in patent ductus arteriosus treatment: efficacious and safe? Biomed Res Int 2017:1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/1438038","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"189_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1017\/s1047951120002784","volume":"30","author":"S Y\u00fccel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel S, \u015eahin \u0130 (2020) Ligation of left pulmonary artery instead of patent ductus arteriosus. Cardiol Young 30(12):1943\u20131945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1047951120002784","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40348-025-00189-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40348-025-00189-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40348-025-00189-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T05:07:49Z","timestamp":1737781669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molcellped.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40348-025-00189-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40348-025-00189-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-7791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-7791","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions, or similar guidelines, were followed in the conduct of this study. The Khyber Medical College\u2019s Institutional Research and Ethical Review Board (IREB) granted ethical approval (797\/DME\/KMC).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"was obtained from the parents of patients in a language that they comprehend.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2"}}