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In post-hoc comparison with historic data, V\/Qmatchnon-defected improved in recovered (historic: 63.5\u00b118.7%; baseline: 88.8\u00b19.0%, p&lt;0.0001; follow-up: 88.1\u00b110.6%; p=0.0002) and PCS (historic: 57.3\u00b119.5%; baseline: 86.1\u00b17.6%, p&lt;0.0001; follow-up: 86.6\u00b17.7%, p=0.0110). Symptom load in PCS decreased from infection and baseline time points to 6-month follow-up. Laboratory assessments showed no differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite persisting clinical symptoms, PREFUL MRI demonstrates no significant difference between cohorts, not supporting the hypothesis of persisting defects of the lung as causative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-025-00216-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:17:19Z","timestamp":1769825839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal functional lung imaging in children with Post-COVID-19 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8979-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Hinsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nedoschill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Wachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Mandelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Scho\u0308ffl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Weigelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Rauh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Woelfle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Uder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Trollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Vogel-Claussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian P.","family":"Regensburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Heiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3535-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinand","family":"Knieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7441-8142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Raming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"216_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO COVID-19 dashboard 2025 [Available from: https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19\/deaths?n=c"},{"issue":"27","key":"216_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","volume":"383","author":"FP Polack","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S et al (2020) Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. 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All parents or guardians, and, if appropriate, participants gave written informed consent to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"C.K., L.T., E.N., F.W., H.M., R.R. No relevant relationships. J.W. Consulting fees from Ipsen, Hexal, and Novo Nordisk; honoraria for lectures from Pfizer, Merck Serono, and Novo Nordisk; advisory board membership fees from Ipsen, Hexal, and Novo Nordisk; treasurer and past president of the German Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and board member of patient advocacy group for people with short stature. M.U. Member of the Siemens Healthineers speakers bureau. A.P.R. R.H. Member of the Siemens Healthineers speakers bureau. F.K. Research grants from Sanofi Genzyme, Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung, IMI J2 EU Horizon 2020, Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Ultraschall in der Medizin, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, UK Erlangen, Bayerische Forschungsstiftung, and the Bavarian Ministry of Health; lecture fees from Sanofi Genzyme and Siemens Healthineers; travel support from iThera Medical; patent for device and method for analyzing optoacoustic data, optoacoustic system, and computer program.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"4"}}