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This study investigated the association between HI in early childhood and youth offending.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of 1533 Aboriginal children (born between 1996 and 2001) living in remote Northern Territory communities. The study used linked individual-level information from health, education, child protection and youth justice services. The outcome variable was a youth being \u201cfound guilty of an offence\u201d. The key explanatory variable, hearing impairment, was based on audiometric assessment. Other variables were: child maltreatment notifications, Year 7 school enrolment by mother, Year 7 school attendance and community \u2018fixed- effects\u2019. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between HI and youth offending; and the Royston R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> measure to estimate the separate contributions of risk factors to youth offending.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The proportion of hearing loss was high in children with records of offence (boys: 55.6%, girls: 36.7%) and those without (boys: 46.1%; girls: 49.0%). In univariate analysis, a higher risk of offending was found among boys with moderate or worse HI (HR: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.05\u20132.98]) and mild HI (HR: 1.54 [95% CI:1.06\u20132.23]). This association was attenuated in multivariable analysis (moderate HI, HR: 1.43 [95% CI:0.78\u20132.62]; mild HI, HR: 1.37 [95% CI: 0.83\u20132.26]). No evidence for an association was found in girls. HI contributed 3.2% and 6.5% of variation in offending among boys and girls respectively. Factors contributing greater variance included: community \u2018fixed-effects\u2019 (boys: 14.6%, girls: 36.5%), child maltreatment notification (boys: 14.2%, girls: 23.9%) and year 7 school attendance (boys: 7.9%; girls 12.1%). Enrolment by mother explained substantial variation for girls (25.4%) but not boys (0.2%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was evidence, in univariate analysis, for an association between HI and youth offending for boys however this association was not evident after controlling for other factors. Our findings highlight a range of risk factors that underpin the pathway to youth-offending, demonstrating the urgent need for interagency collaboration to meet the complex needs of vulnerable children in the Northern Territory.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-019-0097-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T23:03:14Z","timestamp":1572476594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Hearing and justice: The link between hearing impairment in early childhood and youth offending in Aboriginal children living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7614-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent Yaofeng","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiunn-Yih","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Guthridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Malvaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamika","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"97_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5243\/jsswr.2010.4","volume":"1","author":"LS Abrams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abrams, L. 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