{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T01:25:21Z","timestamp":1782869121741,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00DA024012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00DA024012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD012523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD012523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Justice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with a history of incarceration are often engaged in highly gendered work, either sex work or low-wage care\/service work jobs. While employment is an important element of reentry plans, low-wage jobs may not necessarily help women leave illicit activities, including commercial sex work. Incarcerated women often move between care\/service work and sex work to supplement income, putting them at greater risk for negative health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using survey data from 400 women detained in a large urban jail, we examined how incarcerated women\u2019s experience with sex work and low-wage care\/service work affects four health-related outcomes: overall health concerns, clinical depression, regular drug use, and self-esteem. Of the survey participants, 24% engaged exclusively in sex work and 34% in care\/service work. However, 41% of women held both sex work and care\/service work jobs, prior to incarceration. Compared to women engaged in care\/service work, a greater proportion of women engaged in sex work reported overall health concerns, clinical depression, and regular drug use. On the other hand, women in care\/service work jobs exclusively reported lower levels of self-esteem than women engaging in sex work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many reentry programs emphasize the importance of employment for former inmates, and yet, job options for women detained in jail are often limited to low-wage care\/service jobs, which do not necessarily provide adequate security to lift women\u2019s economic burdens. Consequently, many women with a history of incarceration may supplement their income with sex work to meet their basic economic needs. However, both of these highly gendered and devalued jobs may negatively affect health and wellbeing of women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-020-00124-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T13:03:31Z","timestamp":1605704611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The health effects of gendered and devalued work: health outcomes of incarcerated women engaging in sex work and care\/service work"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8939-5157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sage J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caryn","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"124_CR1","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Sex work now","author":"LM Agust\u00edn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Agust\u00edn, L. M. (2006). The conundrum of Women\u2019s agency: Migrations and the sex industry. In M. O'Neill, & R. Campbell (Eds.), Sex work now, (pp. 116\u2013140). Devon: Willan Publishing."},{"key":"124_CR2","volume-title":"The new Jim crow","author":"M Alexander","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alexander, M. (2010). The new Jim crow. New York: The New Press."},{"key":"124_CR3","volume-title":"Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2017","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. (2017). Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression. http:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/about\/publications\/caregivers\/practice-settings\/assessment\/tools\/depression-scale.aspx. Accessed 16 May 2020."},{"issue":"10","key":"124_CR4","first-page":"27","volume":"9","author":"A Anklesaria","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anklesaria, A., & Gentile, J. (2012). Psychotherapy with women who have worked in the \u201csex industry\u201d. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 9(10), 27\u201333.","journal-title":"Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"124_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2307\/223346","volume":"2","author":"K Bales","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bales, K. (1984). The dual labor market of the criminal economy. Sociological Theory, 2, 140\u2013164.","journal-title":"Sociological Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/08974454.2011.558799","volume":"21","author":"K Bergseth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bergseth, K., Richardson Jens, K., Bergerson-Vigesaa, L., & McDonal, T. (2011). Assessing the needs of women recently released from prison. Women & Criminal Justice, 21(2), 100\u2013122.","journal-title":"Women & Criminal Justice"},{"key":"124_CR7","volume-title":"The transformation of sexual commerce and urban space in San Francisco","author":"E Bernstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bernstein, E. (2004). The transformation of sexual commerce and urban space in San Francisco. Footnotes. http:\/\/www.asanet.org\/sites\/default\/files\/savvy\/footnotes\/jan04\/indexone.html. Accessed 16 May 2020."},{"issue":"7","key":"124_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.859650","volume":"26","author":"I Binswanger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Binswanger, I., Mueller, S., Beaty, B., Min, S.-J., & Corsi, K. (2014). Gender and risk behaviors for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among recently released inmates: A prospective cohort study. AIDS Care, 26(7), 872\u2013881.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR9","first-page":"29","volume":"6","author":"R Brewer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brewer, R. (1999). Theorizing race, class and gender: The new scholarship of black feminist intellectuals and black Women's labor. Race, Gender & Class, 6(2), 29\u201347.","journal-title":"Race, Gender & Class"},{"key":"124_CR10","volume-title":"Terms & Definitions: State and federal prisoners and prison facilities","author":"Bureau of Justice Statistics","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2018). Terms & Definitions: State and federal prisoners and prison facilities. https:\/\/www.bjs.gov\/index.cfm?ty=tdtp&tid=13. Accessed 16 May 2020."},{"key":"124_CR11","unstructured":"Bureau of labor Statistics (2016). Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work, 2015. Washington, DC: https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/news.release\/pdf\/osh2.pdf. Accessed 13 June 2017."},{"key":"124_CR12","volume-title":"May 2016 National Occupational Employment and wage estimates United States","author":"Bureau of Labor Statistics","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2017). May 2016 National Occupational Employment and wage estimates United States. Occupational Employment Statistics. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes_nat.htm#39-000039-9011. Accessed 31 Jul 2017."},{"key":"124_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burgard, S., & Lin, K. (2013). Bad jobs, bad health? How work and working conditions contribute to health disparities. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764213487347.","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213487347"},{"issue":"5","key":"124_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035763","volume":"6","author":"S Cecchet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cecchet, S., & Thoburn, J. (2014). The psychological experience of child and adolescent sex trafficking in the United States: Trauma and resilience in survivors. Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy, 6(5), 482\u2013493.","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy"},{"key":"124_CR15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). HIV Risk among persons who exchange sex for money or nonmonetary items. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/group\/sexworkers.html. Accessed 16 May 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9677-0","volume":"15","author":"Y-H Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-H., McFarland, W., & Raymond, H. F. (2011). Behavioral surveillance of heterosexual exchange-sex partnerships in San Francisco: Context, predictors and implications. AIDS and Behavior, 15(1), 236\u2013242.","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"124_CR17","unstructured":"Chicago Appleseed (2013). Pretrial delay & length of stay in the Cook County jail. Chicago: http:\/\/www.chicagoappleseed.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/06\/CAFFJ-Pret-Trial-Delay-and-Length-of-Stay-Executive-Summary.pdf. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR18","unstructured":"Cobbina, J. (2009). From prison to home: Women\u2019s pathways in and out of crime. Washington, DC: Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.013482","volume":"81","author":"D Cohan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cohan, D., Kim, A., Morrow, R., Reardon, J., Lynch, M., Klausner, J. D., \u2026 McFarland, W. (2005). Health indicators among low income women who report a history of sex work: The population based northern California young Women\u2019s survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 81, 428\u2013433.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"124_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.013482","volume":"81","author":"D Cohan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cohan, D., Kim, A., Ruiz, J., Morrow, S., Reardon, J., Lynch, M., \u2026 McFarland, W. (2005). Health indicators among low income women who report a history of sex work: The population based northern California young women\u2019s study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 81, 428\u2013433.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"5","key":"124_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.020628","volume":"82","author":"D Cohan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cohan, D., Lutnick, A., Davidson, P., Cloniger, C., Herlyn, A., Breyer, J., \u2026 Klausner, J. (2006). Sex worker health: San Francisco style. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 82(5), 418\u2013422.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"124_CR22","volume-title":"Black Feminist Thought","author":"PH Collins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Collins, P. H. (2000). Black Feminist Thought, (2nd ed., ). New York: Routledge.","edition":"2"},{"key":"124_CR23","unstructured":"Cook County Department of Corrections (2019). Sheriff's daily report. Chicago: https:\/\/www.cookcountysheriff.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/CCSO_BIU_CommunicationsCCDOC_v1_2019_11_30.pdf. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR24","unstructured":"Cook County State's Attorney Office (2019). Sentencing. Chicago: https:\/\/datacatalog.cookcountyil.gov\/Courts\/Sentencing\/tg8v-tm6u\/data. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s12114-011-9114-2","volume":"39","author":"R Cox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cox, R. (2012). The impact of mass incarceration on the lives of African American women. Review of Black Political Economy, 39(2), 203\u2013212.","journal-title":"Review of Black Political Economy"},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988310385104","volume":"5","author":"MA Curtis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Curtis, M. A. (2011). The effect of incarceration on urban Fathers\u2019 health. American Journal of Mens Health, 5(4), 341\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988310385104.","journal-title":"American Journal of Mens Health"},{"key":"124_CR27","unstructured":"Decker, S., Spohn, C., Ortiz, N., & Hedberg, E. (2014). Criminal stigma, race, gender and employment: An expanded assessment of the consequences of imprisonment for employment. Washington, DC: https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/grants\/244756.pdf. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"issue":"3","key":"124_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122413487197","volume":"78","author":"R Dwyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dwyer, R. (2013). The care economy? Gender, economic restructuring, and job polarization in the U.S. labor market. American Sociological Review, 78(3), 390\u2013416.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"124_CR29","volume-title":"Making ends meet: How single mothers survive welfare and low-wage work","author":"K Edin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Edin, K., & Lein, L. (1997). Making ends meet: How single mothers survive welfare and low-wage work. New York: Russell Sage Foundation."},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1086\/324390","volume":"110","author":"L Edlund","year":"2002","unstructured":"Edlund, L., & Korn, E. (2002). An economic theory of prostitution. Journal of Political Economy, 110(1), 181\u2013214.","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"124_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.31.041304.122317","volume":"31","author":"P England","year":"2005","unstructured":"England, P. (2005). Emerging theories of care work. Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 381\u2013399.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2002.49.4.455","volume":"49","author":"P England","year":"2002","unstructured":"England, P., Budig, M., & Folbre, n. (2002). Wages of virtue: The relative pay of care work. Social Problems, 49(4), 455\u2013473.","journal-title":"Social Problems"},{"key":"124_CR33","volume-title":"A Profile of Women Released Into Cook County Communities from Jail and Prison","author":"G Escobar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Escobar, G., & Olson, D. (2012). A Profile of Women Released Into Cook County Communities from Jail and Prison. http:\/\/www.luc.edu\/media\/lucedu\/ccj\/Testimoney%20of%20Drs%20Escobar%20and%20Olson%20to%20Cook%20County%20Commission%20on%20Womens%20Issues.pdf. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/449290","volume":"25","author":"J Fagan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fagan, J., & Freeman, R. (1999). Crime and work. Crime and Justice, 25, 225\u2013290.","journal-title":"Crime and Justice"},{"key":"124_CR35","unstructured":"Federal Bureau of Investigation (2000). Uniform crime reports for the United States, 2000. Washington, DC: http:\/\/www.fbi.gov\/ucr\/00cius.htm. Accessed 2 Nov 2006."},{"issue":"3","key":"124_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/0032329208320567","volume":"36","author":"N Folbre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Folbre, N. (2008). Reforming care. Politics and Society, 36(3), 373\u2013387.","journal-title":"Politics and Society"},{"key":"124_CR37","volume-title":"Forced to care: Coercion and caregiving in America","author":"EN Glenn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glenn, E. N. (2010). Forced to care: Coercion and caregiving in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"124_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226136851.001.0001","volume-title":"On the run","author":"A Goffman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goffman, A. (2014). On the run. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.12284","volume":"98","author":"S Gunter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gunter, S. (2017). Dynamics of urban informal labor supply in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 98(1), 16\u201336.","journal-title":"Social Science Quarterly"},{"key":"124_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1055329002239188","volume":"14","author":"R Harris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harris, R., Sharps, P., Allen, K., Anderson, E., Soeken, K., & Rohatas, A. (2003). The interrelationship between violence, HIV\/AIDS, and drug use in incarcerated women. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 14, 27\u201340.","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care"},{"key":"124_CR41","unstructured":"Hays, R., Sherbourne, C., & Mazel, R. (1994). User's manual for medical outcomes study (MOS) Core measures of health-related quality of life. Santa Monica http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/monograph_reports\/2008\/MR162.pdf. Accessed 16 May 2020."},{"key":"124_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520956797","volume-title":"Poverty in America: A handbook","author":"J Iceland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iceland, J. (2013). Poverty in America: A handbook. Berkeley: University of California Press."},{"key":"124_CR43","volume-title":"Correctional Control 2018: Incarceration and supervision by state","author":"A Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jones, A. (2018). Correctional Control 2018: Incarceration and supervision by state. https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/correctionalcontrol2018_data_appendix.html. Accessed 15 May 2020."},{"key":"124_CR44","volume-title":"Good jobs, bad jobs: The rise of polarized and precarious employment systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s","author":"A Kalleberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kalleberg, A. (2011). Good jobs, bad jobs: The rise of polarized and precarious employment systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s. Baltimore: Russell Sage Foundation."},{"key":"124_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz, L., & Krueger, A. (2016). The rise and nature of alternative work arrangements in the United States, 1995\u20132015. Cambridge: https:\/\/krueger.princeton.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/akrueger\/files\/katz_krueger_cws_-_march_29_20165.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2020.","DOI":"10.3386\/w22667"},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR46","first-page":"126","volume":"31","author":"E Kennedy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kennedy, E. (2010). The invisible corner: Expanding workplace Rightsfor female day laborers. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 31(1), 126\u2013159.","journal-title":"Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law"},{"issue":"3","key":"124_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1086\/230578","volume":"100","author":"B Kilbourne","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kilbourne, B., England, P., Farkas, G., Beron, K., & Weir, D. (1994). Returns to skill, compensating differentials, and gender bias: Effects of occupational characteristics on the wages of White women and men. American Journal of Sociology, 100(3), 689\u2013719.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5395(02)00358-8","volume":"26","author":"S Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, S. (2003). Incarcerated women in life context. Women's Studies International Forum, 26(1), 95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Women's Studies International Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR49","first-page":"128","volume":"12","author":"S Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, S., Johnson, T. P., Goswami, S., & Puisis, M. (2011). Risk factors for homelessness and sex trade among incarcerated women: A structural equation model. Journal of International Women's Studies, 12(1), 128\u2013148.","journal-title":"Journal of International Women's Studies"},{"key":"124_CR50","unstructured":"Kinder, M. (2020). Essential but undervalued: Millions of health care workers aren\u2019t getting the pay or respect they deserve in the COVID-19 pandemic. Washington, DC: https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/essential-but-undervalued-millions-of-health-care-workers-arent-getting-the-pay-or-respect-they-deserve-in-the-covid-19-pandemic\/. Accessed 18 Sep 2020."},{"issue":"5","key":"124_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22126","volume":"57","author":"P Landsbergis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landsbergis, P., Grzywacz, J., & LaMontagne, A. (2014). Work organization, job insecurity, and occupational health disparities. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 57(5), 495\u2013515.","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2012.00790.x","volume":"11","author":"E Latessa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Latessa, E. (2012). Why work is important and how to improve the effectiveness of correctional reentry programs that target employment. Criminology & Public Policy, 11(1), 87\u201391.","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"key":"124_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.05.005","volume":"73","author":"C Latkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Latkin, C., Ewards, C., Davey-Rothwell, M., & Tobin, K. (2017). The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland. Addictive Behaviors, 73, 133\u2013136.","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054045","volume":"96","author":"J Leichliter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leichliter, J., Dittus, P., Copen, C., & Aral, S. (2019). Trends in factors indicating increased risk for STI among key subpopulations in the United States, 2002\u20132015. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 96(2), 121\u2013123.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"124_CR55","unstructured":"Leigh, J. P. (2012). Numbers and costs of occupational injury and illness in low-wage occupations. Davis: https:\/\/www.issuelab.org\/resources\/14420\/14420.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2020."},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.0.0264","volume":"88","author":"A Levanon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levanon, A., England, P., & Allison, P. (2005). Occupational feminization and pay: Assessing causal dynamics using 1950-2000 U.S. Census data. Social Forces, 88(2), 865\u2013892.","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"124_CR57","volume-title":"An empirical analysis of street-level prostitution","author":"S Levitt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levitt, S., & Venkatesh, S. (2008). An empirical analysis of street-level prostitution http:\/\/international.ucla.edu\/institute\/article\/85677. Accessed 10 Apr 2020."},{"issue":"3","key":"124_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1162\/003355300554908","volume":"115","author":"S Levitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levitt, S., & Venkatesh, S. A. (2000). An economic analysis of a drug-selling Gang's finances. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 755\u2013789.","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"7","key":"124_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0281-7","volume":"43","author":"B McCarthy","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCarthy, B., Benoit, C., & Jansson, M. (2014). Sex work: A comparative study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(7), 1379\u20131390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10508-014-0281-7.","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"124_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.12.1606","volume":"50","author":"S McClanahan","year":"1999","unstructured":"McClanahan, S., McGlelland, G., Abram, K., & Teplin, L. (1999). Pathways into prostitution among female jail detainees and their implications for mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 50(12), 1606\u20131613.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"124_CR61","volume-title":"Care work: Gender, labor, and the welfare state","author":"MH Meyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meyer, M. H. (2000). Care work: Gender, labor, and the welfare state. New York: Routledge."},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2007.11.004","volume":"37","author":"S Moller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moller, S., & Rubin, B. (2008). The contours of stratification in service-oriented economies. Social Science Research, 37(4), 1039\u20131060.","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"124_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-071811-145511","volume":"40","author":"J Morenoff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morenoff, J., & Harding, D. (2014). Incarceration, prisoner reentry, and communities. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 411\u2013429.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11133-006-9012-2","volume":"29","author":"A Murphy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murphy, A., & Venkatesh, S. A. (2006). Vice careers: The changing contours of sex work in New York City. Qualitative Sociology, 29(2), 129\u2013154.","journal-title":"Qualitative Sociology"},{"key":"124_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0144-8188(94)00004-E","volume":"15","author":"D Nagin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nagin, D., & Waldfogel, J. (1995). The effects of criminality and conviction on the labor market status of young British offenders. International Review of Law and Economics, 15, 107\u2013226.","journal-title":"International Review of Law and Economics"},{"key":"124_CR66","unstructured":"Nightingale, D., & Wandner, S. (2011). Informal and nonstandard employment in the United States. Washington, DC: https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/32791\/412372-informal-and-nonstandard-employment-in-the-united-states.pdf. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR67","volume-title":"The great divergence","author":"T Noah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noah, T. (2012). The great divergence. New York: Bloomsbury Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370815608879","volume":"13","author":"A Nuytiens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nuytiens, A., & Christiaens, J. (2016). Female pathways to crime and prison: Challenging the (US) gendered pathways perspective. European Journal of Criminology, 13(2), 195\u2013213.","journal-title":"European Journal of Criminology"},{"issue":"5","key":"124_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22221","volume":"57","author":"C Okechukwu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okechukwu, C., Souza, K., Davis, K., & de Castro, A. B. (2014). Discrimination, harassment, abuse, and bullying in the workplace: Contribution of workplace injustice to occupational health disparities. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 57(5), 573\u2013586.","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"124_CR70","unstructured":"Olson, D., & Huddle, K. (2013). An examination of admissions, discharges & the population of the Cook County jail, 2012. Chicago: https:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=social_justice. Accessed 27 Jan 2020."},{"key":"124_CR71","unstructured":"Olson, D., & Taheri, S. (2012). Population dynamics and the characteristics of inmates in the Cook County jail. Chicago: http:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=criminaljustice_facpubs. Accessed 27 Jan 2020."},{"issue":"12","key":"124_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001085","volume":"46","author":"JN Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park, J. N., Gaydos, C., White, R. H., Decker, M., Footer, K., Galai, N., \u2026 Sherman, S. (2019). Incidence and predictors of chlamydia, gonorrhea and Trichomonas among a prospective cohort of Cisgender female sex Workers in Baltimore, Maryland. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 46(12), 788\u2013794.","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"124_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1332-y","volume":"20","author":"G Paz-Bailey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paz-Bailey, G., Noble, M., Salo, K., & Tregear, S. (2016). Prevalence of HIV among US female sex workers: Systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior, 20(10), 2318\u20132331.","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"124_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.069732","volume":"97","author":"L Platt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Platt, L., Rhodes, T., Judd, A., Koshkina, E., Maskimova, S., Latishevskaya, N., \u2026 Parry, J. (2007). Effects of Sex Work on the Prevalence of Syphilis Among Injection Drug Users in 3 Russian Cities. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 478\u2013485.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"124_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puri, N., Shannon, K., Nguyen, P., & Goldenberg, S. (2017). Burden and correlates of mental health diagnoses among sex workers in an urban setting. BMC Women's Health, 17(133). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-12017-10491.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-12017-10491"},{"key":"124_CR76","unstructured":"Rabuy, B., & Kopf, D. (2015). Prisons of poverty: Uncovering the pre-incarceration incomes of the imprisoned. Northampton: https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/income.html. Accessed 22 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR77","volume-title":"Sisters speak out","author":"J Raphael","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raphael, J., & Shapiro, D. (2002). Sisters speak out. Chicago: Center for impact research http:\/\/media.virbcdn.com\/files\/79\/FileItem-149903-sistersspeakout.pdf. Accessed 15 Sep 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-007-0026-5","volume":"4","author":"E Riley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Riley, E., Gandhi, M., Hare, B., Cohen, J., & Hwang, S. (2007). Poverty, unstable housing, and HIV infection among women living in the United States. Current HIV\/AIDS Reports, 4(4), 181\u2013186.","journal-title":"Current HIV\/AIDS Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764215607572","volume":"60","author":"M Romero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Romero, M., & P\u00e9rez, N. (2016). Conceptualizing the Foundation of Inequalities in care work. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(2), 172\u2013188.","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"124_CR80","volume-title":"A conceptual framework on informal work and informal worker organizing","author":"M Rosaldo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosaldo, M., Tilly, C., & Evans, P. (2012). A conceptual framework on informal work and informal worker organizing https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/152d\/2d64851c1bce562707f99a1a3d6aad20327a.pdf. Accessed 2 May 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/0891241607309879","volume":"37","author":"E Rosen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosen, E., & Venkatesh, S. A. (2008). A \u201cperversion\u201d of choice sex work offers just enough in Chicago's urban ghetto. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 37(4), 417\u2013441.","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Ethnography"},{"issue":"6","key":"124_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809334076","volume":"36","author":"E Salisbury","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salisbury, E., & Van Voorhis, P. (2009). Gendered pathways: A quantitative investigation of women Probationers\u2019 paths to incarceration. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(6), 541\u2013566.","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/3053938","volume":"27","author":"R Sampson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sampson, R., & Laub, J. (1993). Structural variations in juvenile court processing: Inequality, the underclass, and social control. Law and Society Review, 27(2), 285\u2013312.","journal-title":"Law and Society Review"},{"key":"124_CR84","unstructured":"Sentencing Project. (2012, December 2012). Incarcerated women. http:\/\/www.sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/cc_Incarcerated_Women_Factsheet_Dec2012final.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.11.008","volume":"66","author":"K Shannon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shannon, K., Kerr, T., Allinott, S., Chettiar, J., Shoveller, J., & Tyndall, M. (2008). Social and structural violence and power relations in mitigating HIV risk of drug-using women in survival sex work. Social Science & Medicine, 66(4), 911\u2013921.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"124_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90150-B","volume":"32","author":"C Sherbourne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sherbourne, C., & Stewart, A. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32(6), 705\u2013714.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"124_CR87","unstructured":"Smith, V., & Halpin, B. (2011). Low-wage Work Uncertainty often Traps Low-wage Workers https:\/\/poverty.ucdavis.edu\/sites\/main\/files\/file-attachments\/smith_cpr_policy_brief_employability.pdf. Accessed 19 Sept 2020."},{"key":"124_CR88","unstructured":"Solomon, A., Deadel Johnson, K., Travis, J., & McBride, E. (2004). From Prison to Work: The Employment Dimensions of Prisoner Reentry. Washington, DC: https:\/\/www.urban.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/58126\/411097-From-Prison-to-Work.PDF. Accessed 19 Sept 2020."},{"issue":"5","key":"124_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22297","volume":"57","author":"A Steege","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steege, A., Baron, S., Marsh, S., Chaumont Menendez, C., & Myers, J. (2014). Examining occupational health and safety disparities using national data: A cause for continuing concern. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 57(5), 527\u2013538.","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888490017004004","volume":"17","author":"R Steinberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Steinberg, R. (1990). Social construction of skill: Gender, power, and comparable worth. Work and Occupations, 17(4), 449\u2013482.","journal-title":"Work and Occupations"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017005053169","volume":"19","author":"A Stenning","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stenning, A. (2005). Re-placing work: Economic transformation and the shape of a community in post-socialist Poland. Work, Employment and Society, 19(2), 235\u2013259.","journal-title":"Work, Employment and Society"},{"key":"124_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/001112877301900202","volume":"19","author":"R Sullivan","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sullivan, R. (1973). The economics of crime: An introduction to the literature. Crime and Delinquency, 19, 138\u2013150.","journal-title":"Crime and Delinquency"},{"key":"124_CR93","volume-title":"Mass Incarceration and the Underground Economy in America","author":"B Sykes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sykes, B., & Geller, A. (2016). Mass Incarceration and the Underground Economy in America http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/docs\/IO\/40893\/Sykes_Geller_Inequality_Draft-.pdf. Accessed 7 Oct 2019."},{"key":"124_CR94","unstructured":"The Sentencing Project (2016). Trends in US corrections. Washington, DC: http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/Trends-in-US-Corrections.pdf. Accessed 25 Sep 2020."},{"key":"124_CR95","volume-title":"Behind Closed Doors: An analysis of indoor sex work in New York City","author":"The Urban Justice Center","year":"2005","unstructured":"The Urban Justice Center. (2005). Behind Closed Doors: An analysis of indoor sex work in New York City http:\/\/sexworkersproject.org\/downloads\/BehindClosedDoors.pdf. Accessed 25 Sep 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"124_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2307\/3088970","volume":"67","author":"C Uggen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Uggen, C., & Manza, J. (2002). Democratic contraction? Political consequences of felon disenfranchisement in the United States. American Sociological Review, 67(6), 777\u2013803.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"124_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.7202\/1006345ar","volume":"66","author":"E Underhill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Underhill, E., & Quinlan, M. (2011). How precarious employment affects health and safety at work: The case of temporary agency workers. Industrial Relations, 66(3), 397\u2013421.","journal-title":"Industrial Relations"},{"key":"124_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674044647","volume-title":"Off the books","author":"S Venkatesh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Venkatesh, S. (2006). Off the books. Cabridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"124_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-070308-120025","volume":"35","author":"R Weitzer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weitzer, R. (2009). Sociology of sex work. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 213\u2013234.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6478.2010.00495.x","volume":"37","author":"R Weitzer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weitzer, R. (2010). The movement to criminalize sex work in the United States. Journal of Law and Society, 37(1), 61\u201384.","journal-title":"Journal of Law and Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2307\/3088944","volume":"67","author":"B Western","year":"2002","unstructured":"Western, B. (2002). The impact of incarceration on wage mobility and inequality. American Sociological Review, 67(4), 526\u2013546.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1353\/sor.2007.0011","volume":"74","author":"B Western","year":"2007","unstructured":"Western, B. (2007). Mass imprisonment and economic inequality. Social Research, 74(2), 509\u2013532.","journal-title":"Social Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"124_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1086\/210135","volume":"104","author":"B Western","year":"1999","unstructured":"Western, B., & Beckett, K. (1999). How unregulated is the U.S. labor market? The penal system as a labor market institution. American Journal of Sociology, 104(4), 1030\u20131060.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"2","key":"124_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1086\/432780","volume":"111","author":"B Western","year":"2005","unstructured":"Western, B., & Pettit, B. (2005). Black-White wage inequality, employment rates, and incarceration. American Journal of Sociology, 111(2), 553\u2013578.","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"124_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716208324850","volume":"621","author":"B Western","year":"2009","unstructured":"Western, B., & Wildeman, C. (2009). The black family and mass incarceration. Annals of the American Academy of Social and Political Science, 621, 221\u2013242.","journal-title":"Annals of the American Academy of Social and Political Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"124_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017012437006","volume":"26","author":"C Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams, C., & Nadin, S. (2012). Work beyond employment: Representations of informal economic activities. Work, Employment and Society, 26(1), 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Work, Employment and Society"},{"issue":"12","key":"124_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812451088","volume":"39","author":"E Wright","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wright, E., Van Voorhis, P., Salisbury, E., & Bauman, A. (2012). Gender-responsive lessons learned and policy implications for women in prison: A review. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39(12), 1612\u20131632.","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"}],"container-title":["Health &amp; Justice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40352-020-00124-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40352-020-00124-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40352-020-00124-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T16:33:06Z","timestamp":1669653186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40352-020-00124-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40352-020-00124-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study has been approved by the University of Illinois at Chicago, Institutional Review Board (IRB). IRB approval number: #2009\u20130734.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"23"}}