{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:13:32Z","timestamp":1785834812093,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["79080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["79080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Justice"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Understanding the health conditions of those under carceral control is often made difficult due to lack of access to data. Yet, as has been made clear during the COVID-19 pandemic, is that data is essential to understand the scope of disease and how best to allocate resources. To better understand the needs of criminal legal oriented research and non-profit organizations, we interviewed stakeholders to better understand how they use existing data, what data they lack, and what data they would like to have to optimally assess the health of people who are incarcerated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Stakeholders reported a lack of trust and data availability as key issues. Many perceived the few institutions that do collect and disseminate data as obfuscating data or having a bias in collection and reporting. Additionally, concerns such as balancing the interest of systems-impacted people with advocacy were described as concerning for participants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To tackle these issues of transparency and availability, the authors believe that an independent oversight body could be instrumental to ensuring accurate and timely data collection and reporting. As many participants turned to creating their own data, coalition building could be influential as a large network of resources may support capturing the varied experiences of people who are incarcerated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-023-00239-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T10:02:09Z","timestamp":1695895329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The current state of Carceral health data: an analysis of \u201cListening Sessions\u201d with stakeholders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0004-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaire","family":"Cullins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Forrest","family":"Behne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304500","volume":"108","author":"V Ba\u0107ak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ba\u0107ak, V., Thurman, K., Eyer, K., Qureshi, R., Bird, J. D. P., Rivera, L. M., & Kim, S. A. (2018). Incarceration as a health determinant for sexual orientation and gender minority persons. American Journal of Public Health, 108(8), 994\u2013999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304500.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"239_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306221","volume":"111","author":"E Barnert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barnert, E., Kwan, A., & Williams, B. (2021). Ten urgent priorities based on Lessons learned from more than a half million known COVID-19 cases in US prisons. American Journal of Public Health, 111(6), 1099\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306221.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"239_CR3","unstructured":"Behne, F., Cullins, Z., Matada, H., Peterson, M., & Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2022, April 7). Using Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Requests for Health Research: Experiences Obtaining Mortality Data in 54 Carceral Systems. Academic & Health Policy Conference on Criminal Justice Health, Virtual. https:\/\/events.bizzabo.com\/387104\/home."},{"key":"239_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2013). Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health. Health & Justice, 1(1), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3"},{"key":"239_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brinkley-Rubinstein, L., & Cloud, D. H. (2020). Mass incarceration as a social-structural driver of health inequities: A supplement to AJPH. American Journal of Public Health, 110(S1), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2019.305486.","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2019.305486"},{"key":"239_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brinkley-Rubinstein, L., Cullins, Z., LeMasters, K., Behne, M. F., Nowotny, K., & Lao, J. (2022). Monkeypox In Prisons: Urgent Action Needed To Avoid A Public Health Crisis. Health Affairs Forefront. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/forefront.20220909.516339.","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20220909.516339"},{"key":"239_CR8","unstructured":"CDC. (n.d.). Advancing Public Health: The story of the National Public Health Improvement Initiative (National Public Health Improvement Program). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/publichealthgateway\/docs\/nphii\/compendium.pdf."},{"key":"239_CR9","unstructured":"Custodial Death Report | Office of the Attorney General. (n.d.). Retrieved July 12 (2023). from https:\/\/oag.my.site.com\/cdr\/cdrreportdeaths."},{"key":"239_CR10","unstructured":"Davis, E. (2023, January 5). Alabama prison system stops publishing monthly death reports. Https:\/\/Www.Wsfa.Com. https:\/\/www.wsfa.com\/2023\/01\/05\/alabama-prison-system-stops-publishing-monthly-death-reports\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"239_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2013.0000","volume":"24","author":"DM Dumont","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dumont, D. M., Allen, S. A., Brockmann, B. W., Alexander, N. E., & Rich, J. D. (2013). Incarceration, community health, and racial disparities. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(1), 78\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/hpu.2013.0000.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved"},{"key":"239_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dumont, D. M., Davis, D., Sadacharan, R., Lamy, E., & Clarke, J. G. (2021). A Correctional-Public Health Collaboration for Colorectal Cancer Screening in a State Prison System. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974), 136(5), 548\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033354920974668.","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354920974668"},{"key":"239_CR13","unstructured":"GovQA. (2021, May 27). Pandemic Drives Up Public Records Request Volumes While Growing Complexity Impacts Processing Time, Says New GovQA PiPRIndex Data. https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/pandemic-drives-up-public-records-request-volumes-while-growing-complexity-impacts-processing-time-says-new-govqa-piprindex-data-301300679.html."},{"key":"239_CR14","unstructured":"Kluckow, R., & Zeng, Z. (2022). Correctional Populations in the United States, 2020 (No. 303184; Correction Populations in the United States). Bureau of Justice Statistics. https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/library\/publications\/correctional-populations-united-states-2020-statistical-tables."},{"key":"239_CR15","unstructured":"Loyola Law Professor Releases Report on State of Healthcare Services in Louisiana Prisons | Loyola University New Orleans (2021). May 17). Loyola University New Orleans. https:\/\/www.loyno.edu\/news\/may-17-2021_loyola-law-professor-releases-report-state-healthcare-services-louisiana-prisons."},{"key":"239_CR17","unstructured":"Minton, T., Beaty, L., & Zeng, Z. (2021). Correctional Populations in the United States, 2019 \u2013 Statistical Tables (No. 300655; Correctional Populations in the United States). https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/library\/publications\/correctional-populations-united-states-2019-statistical-tables."},{"issue":"2","key":"239_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.306040","volume":"111","author":"KM Nowotny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nowotny, K. M., Bailey, Z., & Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2021). The contribution of prisons and jails to US racial disparities during COVID-19. American Journal of Public Health, 111(2), 197\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2020.306040.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"239_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peterson, M., & Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. (2021). Incarceration Is A Health Threat. Why Isn\u2019t It Monitored Like One? Health Affairs Forefront. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/forefront.20211014.242754.","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20211014.242754"},{"key":"239_CR21","unstructured":"Reports (2023). & Court Orders. (n.d.). CCHCS. Retrieved January 13, from https:\/\/cchcs.ca.gov\/reports\/."},{"key":"239_CR23","unstructured":"Uncounted Deaths in America\u2019s Prisons and Jails (2022). : How the Department of Justice failed to implement the death in Custody Reporting Act. September 20). Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Committee | Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. http:\/\/www.hsgac.senate.gov\/."},{"key":"239_CR24","unstructured":"Urell, A. (2022). December 9). Record deaths in Alabama prisons; many were Preventable. Equal Justice Initiative. https:\/\/eji.org\/news\/record-deaths-in-alabama-prisons-many-were-preventable\/."}],"container-title":["Health &amp; Justice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40352-023-00239-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40352-023-00239-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40352-023-00239-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T07:33:26Z","timestamp":1700379206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40352-023-00239-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40352-023-00239-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was deemed exempt by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board due to it being considered minimal risk. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}