{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T21:14:21Z","timestamp":1740172461925,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR003107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR003107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA048162","T32DA022981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA048162","T32DA022981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Justice"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The extraordinary growth in women\u2019s incarceration over the past several decades has resulted in calls for expansion of research into their unique needs and experiences, including those related to pregnancy and perinatal care. However, while research into the health outcomes of women who are incarcerated while pregnant has grown, research on women\u2019s custodial and perinatal care patterns has remained nearly non-existent. Here, we sought to describe (1) the characteristics of the population of women who came to be incarcerated in a state prison system during pregnancy and (2) the characteristics of women\u2019s custodial and perinatal care patterns during and after incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective chart review of the population of women who received perinatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system over a 5-year period from June 2014 to May 2019. Electronic medical records and state prison records were merged to form our study population. Data were from 212 women (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>age\u2009=\u200928.4 years; 75.0% non-Latina White) with a singleton pregnancy who received at least one obstetric care visit while incarcerated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Drug-related convictions were the most common crimes leading to women\u2019s incarceration while pregnant, and violent crime convictions were rare. Nearly half (43.4%) of women who gave birth in custody did so within 90 days of admission and the great majority (80.4%) released within 1-year of giving birth, including 13.3% who released within 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The frequency with which women who became incarcerated while pregnant released from prison either prior to or shortly after giving birth was a striking, novel finding of this study given the implications for perinatal care disruption among a high-risk population and the harms of forced separation from infants within hours of birth.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diversionary programs for pregnant women convicted of crimes, particularly in states without current access, are urgently needed and should be a priority for future policy work.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-024-00268-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T05:02:00Z","timestamp":1712984520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Custodial and perinatal care patterns of women who received prenatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system, 2014\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Zielinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mollee Steely","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alleigh","family":"Stahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000004430","volume":"138","author":"ACOG","year":"2021","unstructured":"ACOG. (2021). Reproductive Health Care for incarcerated pregnant, Postpartum, and nonpregnant individuals. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 138(1), 164\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0000000000004430.","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"268_CR2","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, & American Academy of Pediatrics (n.d.). Guidelines for Perinatal Care (S. J. Kilpatrick & L.-A. Papile, Eds.; 8th ed.)."},{"key":"268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baker, B. (2019). Perinatal outcomes of incarcerated pregnant women: An integrative review. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 25(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1078345819832366.","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345819832366"},{"key":"268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bard, E., Knight, M., & Plugge, E. (2016). Perinatal health care services for imprisoned pregnant women and associated outcomes: A systematic review. 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Given the study design (retrospective chart review), the need for consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The author(s) declare that they have no known competing interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16"}}