{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:43:10Z","timestamp":1780443790931,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"University of Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Justice"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Drug use disorders are highly prevalent among people in prison. Nevertheless, treatment coverage for individuals with drug use disorders in prison remains understudied and unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate treatment coverage among a sample of people with harmful and likely drug dependence before entering prison and to investigate the factors associated with treatment utilization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This was a longitudinal cohort study using baseline survey data linked to registry data on imprisonment and treatment utilization. The study is based on the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction (NorMA) cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009733) recruited in 2013\u20132014 from 57 Norwegian prisons. At baseline, participants reported drug use the year before imprisonment, using the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT). The outcome of interest was DUD treatment, defined as at least one DUD treatment episode from the specialized health services during baseline imprisonment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>40% of the sample had DUDIT scores that indicated likely drug dependence (\u2265\u200925) and a need for treatment. Among this group, 64% received DUD treatment while imprisoned. Longer imprisonment (&gt;\u200912 months; aOR\u2009=\u20098.87, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Nordic country of birth (aOR\u2009=\u20092.85, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), daily\/almost daily injecting drug use (aOR\u2009=\u20092.58, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and polydrug use (aOR\u2009=\u20092.19, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) were positively associated with treatment utilization in prison.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Most people with likely drug dependence before entering prison in Norway received DUD treatment during their time in prison. More severe drug use (Injecting drug use and polydrug use), longer imprisonments and being born in the Nordics were positively associated with treatment utilization. People in prison must have access to adequate treatment during imprisonment, and further studies should investigate the possible individual or structural barriers resulting in treatment gaps, especially for people who are foreign born and people with short sentences.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-024-00302-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T10:48:58Z","timestamp":1732618138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment utilization among people with drug use disorders in prison: a national longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8577-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoline Toresen","family":"Lokdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Riksheim","family":"Stavseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Skjaerv\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Bukten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"302_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678819","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.678819","volume":"12","author":"LA Basedow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Basedow, L. 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Prisons and Health."}],"container-title":["Health &amp; Justice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40352-024-00302-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40352-024-00302-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40352-024-00302-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T11:06:21Z","timestamp":1732619181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/healthandjusticejournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40352-024-00302-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40352-024-00302-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The NorMA study was approved by the Norwegian Committee of Research Ethics (REK 2012\/297), the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, and by the Directorate of the Norwegian Correctional Services, the national prison authorities in Norway. The PINs were provided by the participants following written informed consent. We used the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) cohort checklist when writing our report (Vandenbroucke et al.; von Elm et al., 2007).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"None.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations of interest"}}],"article-number":"46"}}