{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T14:25:46Z","timestamp":1794493546308,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"British Columbia College of Family Physicians","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bereaved parents experience higher rates of depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms after the stillbirth of a baby than after live-birth. Yet, these effects remain underreported in the literature and, consequently, insufficiently addressed in health provider education and practice. We conducted a participatory based study to explore the experiences of grieving parents during their interaction with health care providers during and after the stillbirth of a baby.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This community-based participatory study utilized four focus groups comprised of twenty-seven bereaved parents (44% fathers). Bereaved parents conceptualized the study, participating at all stages of research, analyses, and drafting. Data were reduced into a main theme and subthemes, then broad-based member checked to ensure fidelity and nuances within themes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The major theme that emerged centered on provider acknowledgement of the baby as an irreplaceable individual. Subthemes reflected 1) acknowledgement of parenthood and grief, 2) recognition of the traumatic nature of stillbirth, and 3) acknowledgement of enduring grief coupled with access to support. It was important that providers realized how grief was experienced within health care and social support systems, concretized by their desire for long-term, specialized support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both mothers and fathers feel that acknowledgement of their baby as an individual, their parenthood, and their enduring traumatic grief by healthcare providers are key elements required in the process of initiating immediate and ongoing care after the stillbirth of a baby.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-0385-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T10:36:33Z","timestamp":1582022193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["What bereaved parents want health care providers to know when their babies are stillborn: a community-based participatory study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lynn L.","family":"Farrales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5803-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Cacciatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Jonas-Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafik","family":"Dharamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Ascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10018","key":"385_CR1","first-page":"604","volume":"387","author":"C Burden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burden C, Bradley S, Storey C, Ellis A, Heazell A, Downe S, Cacciatore J. From grief, guilt pain and stigma to hope and pride \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis of mixed-method research of the psychosocial impact of stillbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;387(10018):604\u201316.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"10018","key":"385_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00836-3","volume":"387","author":"AE Heazell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heazell AE, Siassakos D, Blencowe H, Burden C, Bhutta ZA, Cacciatore J, et al. Stillbirths: economic and psychosocial consequences. Lancet. 2016;387(10018):604\u201316.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"9774","key":"385_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62232-5","volume":"377","author":"JF Fr\u00f8en","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fr\u00f8en JF, Cacciatore J, McClure EM, Kuti O, Jokhio AH, Islam M, et al. Stillbirths: why they matter. Lancet. 2011;377(9774):1353\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"385_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. The Lancet. 2015; 385:117\u201371.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"385_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1300\/J457v03n03_06","volume":"3","author":"J Cacciatore","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cacciatore J, Bushfield S. Stillbirth: the mother's experience and implications for improving care. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2007;3(3):59\u201379.","journal-title":"J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"385_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2008.00814.x","volume":"17","author":"J Cacciatore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cacciatore J, Schnebly S, Fr\u00f8en JF. The effects of social support on maternal anxiety and depression after stillbirth. Health Soc Care Commun. 2009;17(2):167\u201376.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"385_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/00981380903158078","volume":"49","author":"J Cacciatore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cacciatore J. The unique experiences of women and their families after the death of a baby. Soc Work Health Care. 2010;49(2):134\u201348.","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"385_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.63.2.e","volume":"63","author":"A Lang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lang A, Fleiszer AR, Duhamel F, Sword W, Gilbert KR, Corsini-Munt S. Perinatal loss and parental grief: the challenge of ambiguity and disenfranchised grief. Omega. 2011;63(2):183\u201396.","journal-title":"Omega."},{"issue":"3","key":"385_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5284","volume":"25","author":"KJ Gold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gold KJ, Leon I, Boggs ME, Sen A. Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After Perinatal Loss in a Population-Based Sample. J Womens Health. 2016;25(3):263.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"385_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.10.014","volume":"50","author":"J Cacciatore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cacciatore J, Erlandsson K, Radestad I. Fatherhood and suffering: a qualitative exploration of Swedish men\u2019s experiences of care after the death of a baby. Int J Nurs Stud. 2013;50(5):664\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"385_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217505279998","volume":"34","author":"MH Hutti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hutti MH. Social and professional support needs of families after perinatal loss. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005;34(5):630\u20138.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"385_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3181eb63fc","volume":"53","author":"R Fretts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fretts R. Stillbirth epidemiology, risk factors, and opportunities for stillbirth prevention. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53(3):588\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"385_CR13","unstructured":"Patton MQ. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. 2nd ed. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 1990."},{"key":"385_CR14","unstructured":"Guba E. The Paradigm Dialog in: Guba E, editor. The Paradigm Dialog Newbury Park: Sage Publications 1990;17\u201327."},{"issue":"10","key":"385_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.028662","volume":"60","author":"F Baum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baum F, MacDougall C, Smith D. Participatory action research. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 2006;60(10):854\u20137.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"385_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"Virginia Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006;3(2).","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"385_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/jhuman\/huq004","volume":"2","author":"E Pittaway","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pittaway E, Bartolomei L, Hugman R. \u2018Stop stealing our stories\u2019: the ethics of research with vulnerable groups. J Human Rights Pract. 2010;2(2):229\u201351.","journal-title":"J Human Rights Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"385_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip3903_2","volume":"39","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Creswell JW, Miller DL. Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory Pract. 2000;39(3):124\u201330.","journal-title":"Theory Pract"},{"issue":"10019","key":"385_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01020-X","volume":"387","author":"V Flenady","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Middleton P, Ellwood D, Erwich JJ, Coory M, et al. Stillbirths: recall to action in high-income countries. Lancet. 2016;387(10019):691\u2013702.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"4","key":"385_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/01494920802454017","volume":"44","author":"J Cacciatore","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cacciatore J, DeFrain J. When a baby dies: ambiguity and stillbirth. Marriage Family Rev. 2008;44(4):439\u201354.","journal-title":"Marriage Family Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"385_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2012.20.11.780","volume":"20","author":"E Nordlund","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nordlund E, B\u00f6rjesson A, Cacciatore J, Pappas C, Randers I, R\u00e5destad I. When a baby dies: motherhood, psychosocial care and negative affect. Br J Midwifery. 2012;20(11):780\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"issue":"2","key":"385_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002237","volume":"3","author":"Soo Downe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Downe S, Schmidt E, Kingdon C, Heazell AE. Bereaved parents' experience of stillbirth in UK hospitals: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002237.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"385_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2012.688699","volume":"17","author":"J Cacciatore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cacciatore J, Thieleman K. Pharmacological treatment following traumatic bereavement: a case series. J Loss Trauma. 2012;17:557\u201379.","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"key":"385_CR24","unstructured":"Jonas-Simpson, C., MacDonald, C., McMahon, E., Pilkington, F. B. (2011). Nurses grieve too: Insights into experiences with perinatal loss [DVD]. Retrieved from http:\/\/vimeo.com\/18714302"},{"issue":"5","key":"385_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217505279998","volume":"34","author":"M Hutti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hutti M. Social and professional support needs of families after perinatal loss. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006;34(5):630\u20138.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"385_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13041","volume":"59","author":"V Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen V, Temple-Smith M, Bilardi J. Men\u2019s lived experiences after perinatal loss: a review of the literature. Australian New England J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;59(4):757\u201366.","journal-title":"Australian New England J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"385_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-137","volume":"12","author":"MC Kelley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelley MC, Trinidad SB. Silent loss and the clinical encounter: Parents' and physicians' experiences of stillbirth-a qualitative analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:137.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"385_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ellis A, Chebsey C, Storey C, Bradley S, Jackson S, Flenday V, Heazell A, Siassakos A. Systematic review to understand and improve care after stillbirth: a review of parents\u2019 and healthcare professionals\u2019 experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(16). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-0806-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0806-2"},{"key":"385_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourne S. Stillbirth, grief, and medical education. Br Med J. 1977;1157.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6069.1157-a"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-020-0385-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-020-0385-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-020-0385-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T11:59:35Z","timestamp":1613563175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-020-0385-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-020-0385-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the principal investigator\u2019s Institutional Review Board at the University of British Columbia. Written informed consent was obtained from all research participants prior to participating in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable as no personal information is provided in the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}