{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:42:12Z","timestamp":1787020932396,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation","award":["CD\/18\/658099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD\/18\/658099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual minority men (SMM) often experience stressful social environments dominated by stigma and discrimination. SMM are typically more likely than heterosexual men to engage in certain risky behaviours such as problem gambling. This study aimed to compare gambling behaviour among SMM and examine potential risk factors (erroneous gambling cognitions, gambling outcome expectancies, hazardous alcohol use, impulsivity, and psychological distress; as well as perceived stigma and discrimination for the SMM participants) and potential protective factors (resilience, social support, and community connectedness) for problem gambling severity and gambling-related harms among SMM living in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online survey, with an over-representation of SMM participants and problem, moderate-risk, and low-risk gamblers, was completed by 101 SMM (mean age\u2009=\u200928.5) and 207 heterosexual men (mean age\u2009=\u200926.4).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMM were found to have significantly lower levels of problem gambling severity compared with heterosexual men, and report significantly lower gambling participation, frequencies and expenditure on any gambling activity, casino table games, horse racing\/greyhound betting, sports betting, and keno. However, in the SMM group, 38.3% were classified in the problem gambling category of the Problem Gambling Severity Index and 27.6% were classified in the moderate-risk gambling category. There were no significant differences between groups in gambling-related harms. Multiple regression analyses revealed that problem gambling severity and related harms were independently predicted by higher levels of impulsivity and erroneous gambling cognitions for both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower frequency of gambling behaviours among SMM and similar risk factors predicting problem gambling severity\/harms for both groups suggests that problem gambling is not pronounced among SMM. This study adds new evidence to the gambling literature which can be used as comparative benchmarks for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T07:02:44Z","timestamp":1624950164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk and protective factors for the development of gambling-related harms and problems among Australian sexual minority men"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Bush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex M. T.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra K.","family":"Staiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Waling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicki A.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.","edition":"5"},{"key":"597_CR2","unstructured":"Neal PN, Delfabbro PH, O'Neil MG. Problem gambling and harm: towards a national definition. Melbourne: Gambling Research Australia; 2005."},{"key":"597_CR3","unstructured":"Williams RJ, Volberg RA, Stevens RMG. The population prevalence of problem gambling: Methodological influences, standardized rates, jurisdictional differences, and worldwide trends 2012. https:\/\/opus.uleth.ca\/handle\/10133\/3068."},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13176","volume":"111","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Youssef GJ, Jackson AC, Pennay DW, Francis KL, Pennay A, et al. National estimates of Australian gambling prevalence: findings from a dual-frame omnibus survey. Addiction. 2016;111(3):420\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13176.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036207","volume":"28","author":"SM Gainsbury","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gainsbury SM, Russell A, Hing N, Wood R, Lubman DI, Blaszczynski A. The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies. Psychol Addict Behav. 2014;28(3):769\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0036207.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"597_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.04.011","volume":"39","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Rodda SN, Lubman DI, Jackson AC. The impacts of problem gambling on concerned significant others accessing web-based counselling. Addict Behav. 2014;39(8):1253\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.04.011.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","volume":"16","author":"E Langham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langham E, Thorne H, Browne M, Donaldson P, Rose J, Rockloff M. Understanding gambling related harm: a proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x","volume":"106","author":"FK Lorains","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lorains FK, Cowlishaw S, Thomas SA. Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys. Addiction. 2011;106(3):490\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415575774","volume":"49","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Cowlishaw S, Jackson AC, Merkouris SS, Francis KL, Christensen DR. Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(6):519\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867415575774.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1304973","volume":"17","author":"M Browne","year":"2017","unstructured":"Browne M, Greer N, Rawat V, Rockloff M. A population-level metric for gambling-related harm. Int Gambl Stud. 2017;17(2):163\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459795.2017.1304973.","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9164-6","volume":"26","author":"MS Emond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emond MS, Marmurek HHC. Gambling related cognitions mediate the association between thinking style and problem gambling severity. J Gambl Stud. 2010;26(2):257\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-009-9164-6.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9180-6","volume":"26","author":"H Myrseth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Myrseth H, Brunborg GS, Eidem M. Differences in cognitive distortions between pathological and nonpathological gamblers with preferences for chance or skill games. J Gambl Stud. 2010;26(4):561\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-010-9180-6.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9355-4","volume":"30","author":"RA St-Pierre","year":"2014","unstructured":"St-Pierre RA, Temcheff CE, Gupta R, Derevensky J, Paskus TS. Predicting gambling problems from gambling outcome expectancies in college student-athletes. J Gambl Stud. 2014;30(1):47\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-012-9355-4.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017505","volume":"24","author":"EM Wickwire","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wickwire EM, Whelan JP, Meyers AW. Outcome expectancies and gambling behavior among urban adolescents. Psychol Addict Behav. 2010;24(1):75\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017505.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"597_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.008","volume":"51","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Merkouris SS, Greenwood CJ, Oldenhof E, Toumbourou JW, Youssef GJ. Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;51:109\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.008.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9088-6","volume":"25","author":"A Johansson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johansson A, Grant JE, Won Kim S, Odlaug BL, G\u00f6testam KG. Risk factors for problematic gambling: a critical literature review. J Gambl Stud. 2009;25(1):67\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-008-9088-6.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"597_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040509","author":"M Browne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Browne M, Hing N, Rockloff M, Russell MTA, Greer N, Nicoll F, et al. A multivariate evaluation of 25 proximal and distal risk-factors for gambling-related harm. J Clin Med. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8040509.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"597_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111888","volume":"8","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Butera CA, Merkouris SS, Youssef GJ, Rodda SN, Jackson AC. The reciprocal association between problem gambling and mental health symptoms\/substance use: cross-lagged path modelling of longitudinal cohort data. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8111888.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2013.873773","volume":"36","author":"FK Lorains","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lorains FK, Stout JC, Bradshaw JL, Dowling NA, Enticott PG. Self-reported impulsivity and inhibitory control in problem gamblers. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2014;36(2):144\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803395.2013.873773.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034259","volume":"28","author":"ID Lussier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lussier ID, Derevensky J, Gupta R, Vitaro F. Risk, compensatory, protective, and vulnerability factors related to youth gambling problems. Psychol Addict Behav J Soc Psychol Addict Behav. 2014;28(2):404\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034259.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav J Soc Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR21","first-page":"39","volume":"22","author":"NW Shead","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shead NW, Derevensky JL, Gupta R. Risk and protective factors associated with youth problem gambling. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010;22(1):39\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790701870118","volume":"8","author":"L Dickson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dickson L, Derevensky JL, Gupta R. Youth gambling problems: examining risk and protective factors. Int Gambl Stud. 2008;8(1):25\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459790701870118.","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"key":"597_CR23","volume-title":"Gambling disorders in women: an international female perspective on treatment and research","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Oldenhof E. Gender differences in risk and protective factors for problem gambling. In: Bowden-Jones H, Prever F, editors. Gambling disorders in women: an international female perspective on treatment and research. London: Taylor and Francis; 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9024-6","volume":"22","author":"H Chalmers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chalmers H, Willoughby T. Do predictors of gambling involvement differ across male and female adolescents? J Gambl Stud. 2006;22(4):373\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-006-9024-6.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.21.2.165","volume":"21","author":"I Lussier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lussier I, Derevensky JL, Gupta R, Bergevin T, Ellenbogen S. Youth gambling behaviors: an examination of the role of resilience. Psychol Addict Behav. 2007;21(2):165\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-164X.21.2.165.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.03.018","volume":"45","author":"JDA Parker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parker JDA, Taylor RN, Eastabrook JM, Schell SL, Wood LM. Problem gambling in adolescence: relationships with internet misuse, gaming abuse and emotional intelligence. Person Individ Differ. 2008;45(2):174\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2008.03.018.","journal-title":"Person Individ Differ"},{"key":"597_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.03.011","volume":"46","author":"KE Scholes-Balog","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW, Dowling NA. Problem gambling and internalising symptoms: a longitudinal analysis of common and specific social environmental protective factors. Addict Behav. 2015;46:86\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.03.011.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.12.006","volume":"37","author":"KE Scholes-Balog","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA, Dowling NA, Toumbourou JW. A prospective study of adolescent risk and protective factors for problem gambling among young adults. J Adolesc. 2014;37(2):215\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.12.006.","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"597_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.016","volume":"55","author":"KE Scholes-Balog","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW, Dowling NA. Problem gambling patterns among Australian young adults: associations with prospective risk and protective factors and adult adjustment outcomes. Addict Behav. 2016;55:38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.12.016.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9384-7","volume":"30","author":"P Delfabbro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Delfabbro P, King D, Griffiths MD. From adolescent to adult gambling: an analysis of longitudinal gambling patterns in South Australia. J Gambl Stud. 2014;30(3):547\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9384-7.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"597_CR31","unstructured":"Hing N, Russell A, Tolchard B, Nower L. A comparative study of men and women gamblers in Victoria2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR32","first-page":"105","volume":"23","author":"BL Odlaug","year":"2011","unstructured":"Odlaug BL, Marsh PJ, Kim SW, Grant JE. Strategic vs nonstrategic gambling: characteristics of pathological gamblers based on gambling preference. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2011;23(2):105\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0106-y","volume":"3","author":"SS Merkouris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merkouris SS, Thomas AC, Shandley KA, Rodda SN, Oldenhof E, Dowling NA. An update on gender differences in the characteristics associated with problem gambling: a systematic review. Curr Addict Rep. 2016;3(3):254\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-016-0106-y.","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"597_CR34","unstructured":"Waling A, Lim G, Dhalla S, Lyons A, Bourne A. Understanding LGBTI+ lives in crisis. Bundoora: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University & Lifeline Australia. Monograph 112; 2019."},{"key":"597_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.11.005","volume":"28","author":"A Roxburgh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roxburgh A, Lea T, de Wit J, Degenhardt L. Sexual identity and prevalence of alcohol and other drug use among Australians in the general population. Int J Drug Policy. 2016;28:76\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.11.005.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"597_CR36","unstructured":"Ward BW, Dahlhamer JM, Galinsky AM, Joestl SS. Sexual orientation and health among U.S. adults: national health interview survey, 2013. National health statistics reports. 2014(77):1\u201310."},{"issue":"5","key":"597_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","volume":"129","author":"IH Meyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.082271","volume":"198","author":"A Chakraborty","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chakraborty A, McManus S, Brugha TS, Bebbington P, King M. Mental health of the non-heterosexual population of England. Br J Psychiatr J Ment Sci. 2011;198(2):143\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.082271.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr J Ment Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/10538720.2011.588930","volume":"23","author":"M Condit","year":"2011","unstructured":"Condit M, Kitaji K, Drabble L, Trocki K. Sexual-minority women and alcohol: intersections between drinking, relational contexts, stress, and coping. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv. 2011;23(3):351\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538720.2011.588930.","journal-title":"J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.09.002","volume":"38","author":"SL Hershberger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hershberger SL, Bogaert AF. Male and female sexual orientation differences in gambling. Personality Individ Differ. 2005;38(6):1401\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2004.09.002.","journal-title":"Personality Individ Differ"},{"key":"597_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09838-z","author":"J Richard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Richard J, Martin-Storey A, Wilkie E, Derevensky JL, Paskus T, Temcheff CE. Variations in gambling disorder symptomatology across sexual identity among college student-athletes. J Gambl Stud. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09838-z.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.02.005","volume":"47","author":"JE Grant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant JE, Potenza MN. Sexual orientation of men with pathological gambling: prevalence and psychiatric comorbidity in a treatment-seeking sample. Compr Psychiatry. 2006;47(6):515\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.02.005.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"597_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2007.25.1-2.124","volume":"25","author":"BM Gillespie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gillespie BM, Chaboyer W, Wallis M. Development of a theoretically derived model of resilience through concept analysis. Contemp Nurse. 2007;25(1\u20132):124\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5172\/conu.2007.25.1-2.124.","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000132","volume":"2","author":"IH Meyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meyer IH. Resilience in the study of minority stress and health of sexual and gender minorities. Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers. 2015;2(3):209\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/sgd0000132.","journal-title":"Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2012.648878","volume":"59","author":"EF Rothman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rothman EF, Sullivan M, Keyes S, Boehmer U. Parents\u2019 supportive reactions to sexual orientation disclosure associated with better health: results from a population-based survey of LGB adults in Massachusetts. J Homosex. 2012;59(2):186\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00918369.2012.648878.","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","volume":"17","author":"JC Jakobsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Wetterslev J, Winkel P. When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials\u2014a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"597_CR47","unstructured":"Hare S. Study of gambling and health in Victoria: Findings from the Victorian prevalence study 2014. Victoria: Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation and Victorian Department of Justice and Regulation; 2015."},{"key":"597_CR48","unstructured":"The Allen Consulting Group, The Social Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Monash University. Social and economic impact study of gambling in Tasmania, volume 2: Gambling survey. Tasmania: Tasmanian Government Department of Treasury and Finance; 2011."},{"key":"597_CR49","unstructured":"Ferris J, Wynne HJ. The Canadian problem gambling index: Final report. ON: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse; 2001."},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9107-7","volume":"25","author":"T Holtgraves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holtgraves T. Evaluating the problem gambling severity index. J Gambl Stud. 2008;25(1):105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-008-9107-7.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9698-y","volume":"34","author":"M Browne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Browne M, Goodwin BC, Rockloff MJ. Validation of the Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS): a tool for assessment of harms from gambling. J Gambl Stud. 2018;34(2):499\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-017-9698-y.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00753.x","volume":"99","author":"N Raylu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raylu N, Oei TP. The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties. Addiction. 2004;99(6):757\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00753.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"597_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2007.19.3","volume":"19","author":"M Gillespie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gillespie M, Derevensky J, Gupta RI. Adolescent problem gambling: developing a gambling expectancy instrument. J Gambl Issues. 2007;19:51\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4309\/jgi.2007.19.3.","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues"},{"key":"597_CR54","unstructured":"Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG. Alcohol use disorders identification test: Guidelines for use in primary care, 2nd edition. World Health Organisation, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence2001."},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000342331","volume":"19","author":"HJ Rumpf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rumpf HJ, Wohlert T, Freyer-Adam J, Grothues J, Bischof G. Screening questionnaires for problem drinking in adolescents: Performance of AUDIT, AUDIT-C. CRAFFT POSIT Eur Addict Res. 2013;19(3):121\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000342331.","journal-title":"CRAFFT POSIT Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"597_CR56","volume-title":"The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (technical report)","author":"DR Lynam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lynam DR, Smith GT, Whiteside SP, Cyders MA. The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior (technical report). West Lafayette: Purdue University; 2006."},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.02.008","volume":"43","author":"MA Cyders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cyders MA, Smith GT. Mood-based rash action and its components: positive and negative urgency. Personality Individ Differ. 2007;43(4):839\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2007.02.008.","journal-title":"Personality Individ Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.1.107","volume":"19","author":"MA Cyders","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cyders MA, Smith GT, Spillane NS, Fischer S, Annus AM, Peterson C. Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. Psychol Assess. 2007;19(1):107\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.19.1.107.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","volume":"60","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Barker PR, Colpe LJ, Epstein JF, Gfroerer JC, Hiripi E, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(2):184\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.04.009","volume":"31","author":"JA Swartz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swartz JA, Lurigio AJ. Screening for serious mental illness in populations with co-occurring substance use disorders: performance of the K6 scale. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006;31(3):287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.04.009.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"597_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000239","volume":"28","author":"L Mewton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mewton L, Kessler RC, Slade T, Hobbs MJ, Brownhill L, Birrell L, et al. The psychometric properties of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in a general population sample of adolescents. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(10):1232\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000239.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"597_CR62","volume-title":"IDS, identity, and community: The HIV epidemic and lesbians and gay men","author":"GM Herek","year":"1995","unstructured":"Herek GM, Glunt EK. Identity and community among gay and bisexual men in the AIDS era: Preliminary findings from the Sacramento Men\u2019s Health Study. In: Herek GM, Greene B, editors. IDS, identity, and community: The HIV epidemic and lesbians and gay men. Newbury Park: Sage; 1995."},{"issue":"7","key":"597_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9397-9","volume":"38","author":"J Almeida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Almeida J, Johnson RM, Corliss HL, Molnar BE, Azrael D. Emotional distress among LGBT youth: the influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. J Youth Adolesc. 2009;38(7):1001\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-009-9397-9.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972","volume":"15","author":"BW Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705500802222972.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90150-B","volume":"32","author":"CD Sherbourne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32(6):705\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90150-B.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2011.565427","volume":"49","author":"DM Frost","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frost DM, Meyer IH. Measuring community connectedness among diverse sexual minority populations. J Sex Res. 2012;49(1):36\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2011.565427.","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0916-4","volume":"16","author":"RP McNair","year":"2016","unstructured":"McNair RP, Bush R. Mental health help seeking patterns and associations among Australian same sex attracted women, trans and gender diverse people: a survey-based study. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-0916-4.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989x.7.2.147","volume":"7","author":"JL Schafer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schafer JL, Graham JW. Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods. 2002;7(2):147\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989x.7.2.147.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"597_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys","author":"DB Rubin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley; 1987."},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.apmh.1001001","volume":"1","author":"DE Nowak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nowak DE. College student-athlete gambling disorder: a review of research (1991\u20132017). J Psychiatr Ment Health. 2017;1(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508316477","volume":"24","author":"GM Herek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herek GM. Hate crimes and stigma-related experiences among sexual minority adults in the United States: prevalence estimates from a national probability sample. J Interpers Violence. 2009;24(1):54\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260508316477.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12651-019-0264-1","volume":"53","author":"K Fric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fric K. How does being out at work relate to discrimination and unemployment of gays and lesbians? J Labour Market Res. 2019;53(1):14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12651-019-0264-1.","journal-title":"J Labour Market Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020472","volume":"57","author":"SL Budge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Budge SL, Tebbe EN, Howard KAS. The work experiences of transgender individuals: negotiating the transition and career decision-making processes. J Couns Psychol. 2010;57(4):377\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0020472.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"597_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2019.03.011","volume":"120","author":"MVL Badgett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Badgett MVL, Waaldijk K, Rodgers YM. The relationship between LGBT inclusion and economic development: macro-level evidence. World Dev. 2019;120:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2019.03.011.","journal-title":"World Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2016.1172651","volume":"16","author":"M van der Maas","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Maas M. Problem gambling, anxiety and poverty: an examination of the relationship between poor mental health and gambling problems across socio-economic status. Int Gambl Stud. 2016;16(2):281\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459795.2016.1172651.","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01833.x","volume":"102","author":"JF Scherrer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scherrer JF, Slutske WS, Xian H, Waterman B, Shah KR, Volberg R, et al. Factors associated with pathological gambling at 10-year follow-up in a national sample of middle-aged men. Addiction. 2007;102(6):970\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01833.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"597_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.01.011","volume":"45","author":"MM Husky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Husky MM, Michel G, Richard J-B, Guignard R, Beck F. Gender differences in the associations of gambling activities and suicidal behaviors with problem gambling in a nationally representative French sample. Addict Behav. 2015;45:45\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.01.011.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-020-09950-5","volume":"36","author":"P Delfabbro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delfabbro P, King DL, Browne M, Dowling NA. Do EGMs have a stronger association with problem gambling than racing and casino table games? Evidence from a decade of Australian prevalence studies. J Gambl Stud. 2020;36(2):499\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-020-09950-5.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x","volume":"100","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Smith D, Thomas T. Electronic gaming machines: are they the \u2018crack-cocaine\u2019 of gambling? Addiction. 2005;100(1):33\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9088-6","volume":"25","author":"A Johansson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johansson A, Grant JE, Kim SW, Odlaug BL, G\u00f6testam KG. Risk factors for problematic gambling: a critical literature review. J Gambl Stud. 2009;25(1):67\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-008-9088-6.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09848-x","volume":"35","author":"AMT Russell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Russell AMT, Hing N, Browne M. Risk factors for gambling problems specifically associated with sports betting. J Gambl Stud. 2019;35(4):1211\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09848-x.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09867-8","volume":"36","author":"N Hing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hing N, Russell AMT. Proximal and distal risk factors for gambling problems specifically associated with electronic gaming machines. J Gambl Stud. 2020;36(1):277\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09867-8.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"597_CR83","volume-title":"Examining gambling & mental health in LGBTI communities: Executive summary of findings from a preliminary NSW study","author":"P Birch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Birch P, Ireland JL, Strickland C, Kolstee J. Examining gambling & mental health in LGBTI communities: Executive summary of findings from a preliminary NSW study. Surry Hills: ACON; 2015."},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.038","volume":"5","author":"P Jauregui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jauregui P, Est\u00e9vez A, Urbiola I. Pathological gambling and associated drug and alcohol abuse, emotion regulation, and anxious-depressive symptomatology. J Behav Addict. 2016;5(2):251\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.038.","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"597_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.09.003","volume":"77","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dowling NA, Oldenhof E, Shandley K, Youssef GJ, Vasiliadis S, Thomas SA, et al. The intergenerational transmission of problem gambling: the mediating role of offspring gambling expectancies and motives. Addict Behav. 2018;77:16\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.09.003.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"597_CR86","volume-title":"White masculinity in contemporary Australia: the good ol' Aussie bloke","author":"A Waling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Waling A. White masculinity in contemporary Australia: the good ol\u2019 Aussie bloke. New York: Routledge; 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2849-8","volume":"16","author":"EG Deans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deans EG, Thomas SL, Daube M, Derevensky J, Gordon R. Creating symbolic cultures of consumption: an analysis of the content of sports wagering advertisements in Australia. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-2849-8.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/02614367.2018.1555675","volume":"38","author":"M Lamont","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamont M, Hing N. Intimations of masculinities among young male sports bettors. Leis Stud. 2019;38(2):245\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02614367.2018.1555675.","journal-title":"Leis Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098016674893","volume":"54","author":"A Gorman-Murray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gorman-Murray A, Nash C. Transformations in LGBT consumer landscapes and leisure spaces in the neoliberal city. Urban Stud. 2016;54(3):786\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0042098016674893.","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1353\/csd.0.0047","volume":"49","author":"J Weinstock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weinstock J, Petry NM. Pathological gambling college students\u2019 perceived social support. J Coll Stud Dev. 2008;49(6):625\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/csd.0.0047.","journal-title":"J Coll Stud Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9813-8","volume":"35","author":"I Savolainen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Savolainen I, Sirola A, Kaakinen M, Oksanen A. Peer group identification as determinant of youth behavior and the role of perceived social support in problem gambling. J Gambl Stud. 2019;35(1):15\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-018-9813-8.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.01","volume":"8","author":"N Canale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Canale N, Marino C, Griffiths MD, Scacchi L, Monaci MG, Vieno A. The association between problematic online gaming and perceived stress: the moderating effect of psychological resilience. J Behav Addict. 2019;8(1):174\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.01.","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12089","volume":"31","author":"A Lyons","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lyons A, Hosking W, Rozbroj T. Rural-urban differences in mental health, resilience, stigma, and social support among young Australian gay men. J Rural Health. 2015;31(1):89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jrh.12089.","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014440","volume":"56","author":"CJ Hamilton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamilton CJ, Mahalik JR. Minority stress, masculinity, and social norms predicting gay men\u2019s health risk behaviors. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):132\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014440.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"597_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1185","volume":"73","author":"SB Kimmel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kimmel SB, Mahalik JR. Body image concerns of gay men: the roles of minority stress and conformity to masculine norms. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(6):1185\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1185.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"597_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1","volume":"50","author":"WH Courtenay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Courtenay WH. Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men\u2019s well-being: a theory of gender and health. Soc Sci Med. 2000;50(10):1385\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"597_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988313494408","volume":"8","author":"RF Levant","year":"2013","unstructured":"Levant RF, Wimer DJ. Masculinity constructs as protective buffers and risk factors for men\u2019s health. Am J Mens Health. 2013;8(2):110\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988313494408.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"597_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13090854","author":"S Hamilton-Wright","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hamilton-Wright S, Woodhall-Melnik J, Guilcher SJT, Schuler A, Wendaferew A, Hwang SW, et al. Gambling in the landscape of adversity in youth: reflections from men who live with poverty and homelessness. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13090854.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9674-6","volume":"33","author":"HE Schlagintweit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schlagintweit HE, Thompson K, Goldstein AL, Stewart SH. An investigation of the association between shame and problem gambling: the mediating role of maladaptive coping motives. J Gambl Stud. 2017;33(4):1067\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-017-9674-6.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"597_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-4446.2010.01339.x","volume":"61","author":"D Richardson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richardson D. Youth masculinities: compelling male heterosexuality. Br J Sociol. 2010;61(4):737\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-4446.2010.01339.x.","journal-title":"Br J Sociol"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09890-9","volume":"36","author":"KL Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown KL, Russell AMT. What can be done to reduce the public stigma of gambling disorder? Lessons from other stigmatised conditions. J Gambl Stud. 2020;36(1):23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09890-9.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9529-y","volume":"32","author":"P Donaldson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donaldson P, Rockloff MJ, Browne M, Sorenson C-M, Langham E, Li E. Attitudes towards gambling and gambling reform in Australia. J Gambl Stud. 2016;32(1):243\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-015-9529-y.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09844-1","volume":"35","author":"P Delfabbro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Delfabbro P, King DL. Challenges in the conceptualisation and measurement of gambling-related harm. J Gambl Stud. 2019;35(3):743\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09844-1.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"597_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","volume":"97","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blaszczynski A, Nower L. A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction. 2002;97(5):487\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"597_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014572","volume":"56","author":"B Moradi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moradi B, Mohr JJ, Worthington RL, Fassinger RE. Counseling psychology research on sexual (orientation) minority issues: conceptual and methodological challenges and opportunities. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):5\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014572.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2018.2010.00541.x","volume":"12","author":"GR Sadler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sadler GR, Lee H-C, Seung-Hwan Lim R, Fullerton J. Recruiting hard-to-reach United States population sub-groups via adaptations of snowball sampling strategy. Nurs Health Sci. 2010;12(3):369\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2018.2010.00541.x.","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.17.3.244","volume":"17","author":"DC Hodgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hodgins DC, Makarchuk K. Trusting problem gamblers: Reliability and validity of self-reported gambling behavior. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003;17(3):244\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-164X.17.3.244.","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"597_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9094-8","volume":"24","author":"JG Kuentzel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuentzel JG, Henderson MJ, Melville CL. The impact of social desirability biases on self-report among college student and problem gamblers. J Gambl Stud. 2008;24(3):307\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-008-9094-8.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"10","key":"597_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.10.1013","volume":"48","author":"JD Coie","year":"1993","unstructured":"Coie JD, Watt NF, West SG, Hawkins JD, Asarnow JR, Markman HJ, et al. The science of prevention: a conceptual framework and some directions for a national research program. Am Psychol. 1993;48(10):1013\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.48.10.1013.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T18:20:03Z","timestamp":1672597203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-021-00597-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was obtained from the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee on January 8, 2019 (reference number: 2018-366). All participants provided their consent to participate in the study by checking a box to indicate their consent on the home page of the online survey.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests to declare in relation to this article. The three-year conflict of interest statement for this research team is as follows: RB has received funding from the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation. NAD and AMTR have received funding from multiple sources, including government departments and the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation (through hypothecated taxes from gambling revenue). NAD has also received funding from the National Association for Gambling Studies (NAGS), a not-for-profit organisation with individual members across all stakeholder groups, which derives its funding from member fees and conference proceeds. NAD is the recipient of a Deakin University Faculty of Health Mid-Career Fellowship. PKS is a recipient of grants from a variety of government and not-for-profit organisations. AW is a recipient of an Australian Research Council Early Career Researcher Award, and an Australian Research Council Discovery Project, as well as has received funding from a variety of government and not-for-profit organisations. None of the authors have not knowingly received research funding from the gambling industry or any industry-sponsored organization.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"102"}}