{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:26:37Z","timestamp":1792801597325,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.","award":["98000800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["98000800"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kxbqc24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Homelessness is increasing among young adults in large cities. According to the United Nations, there are more than one billion absolute or relative homeless people in the world. This study was conducted to explain the lived experiences of homeless youth in southeastern Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this qualitative study, we recruited 13 participants in a big city, southeast Iran, in 2020. The participant was young homeless adults aged 18\u201329\u00a0years who were using homeless shelters provided by the municipality, sleeping in parks or on streets. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions. Data were analyzed by conventional qualitative content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main category of \u201clonely, annoyed, and abandoned in society\u201d and three subcategories of avoidance of\/by society, comprehensive harassment, and lack of comprehensive support were extracted. The experiences of young homeless adults showed that they escaped from the community due to addiction, feeling like a burden to others, and social isolation, and not only have they been left without support in society, but they have also suffered from all kinds of physical and psychological harassments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lived experiences of homeless people show that in addition to appropriate facilities and living conditions, they require respect, reduced social stigma, discrimination, and favorable conditions for a return to life. Therefore, authorities should identify and settle their problems and needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00787-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1647781345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lonely, harassed and abandoned in society: the lived experiences of Iranian homeless youth"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Johari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7746-5709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abedin","family":"Iranpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahlagha","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoure","family":"Safizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"787_CR1","first-page":"93","volume":"1","author":"AN Salarzade","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salarzade AN, Mohmmadi B. Investigating the effects of socio-economic factors on homeless people of Tehran. Soc Dev Welf Plan. 2010;1:93\u2013110.","journal-title":"Soc Dev Welf Plan"},{"key":"787_CR2","first-page":"91","volume":"6","author":"H Ghanimati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghanimati H, Mansouri F, HosseiniGhomi M. Social and cultural impact assessment of construction of nightly aid places and its role in the lives of homeless people in Tehran. Strateg Res Soc Probl Iran. 2017;6:91\u2013106.","journal-title":"Strateg Res Soc Probl Iran"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR3","first-page":"40","volume":"7","author":"Z Zare","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zare Z. the relationship between the individual factors with the frequency and duration of homelessness. Q J Soc Work. 2018;7(2):40\u20135.","journal-title":"Q J Soc Work"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR4","first-page":"827","volume":"9","author":"SS Aghaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aghaei SS. The proportion of social exclusion and urban poverty among the homelessness of Tehran. Geography (Reg Plan). 2019;9(4):827\u201343.","journal-title":"Geography (Reg Plan)"},{"issue":"32","key":"787_CR5","first-page":"84","volume":"9","author":"M Ramezani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramezani M, Ghelij M, Esmizadeh S, Haji SeyedJavadi PS, Jafari F, Faramarzi O, et al. An assessment of the effectiveness of homelessness policies in Iran. Strateg Stud Public Policy. 2019;9(32):84\u2013107.","journal-title":"Strateg Stud Public Policy."},{"issue":"11","key":"787_CR6","first-page":"214","volume":"3","author":"A Bakhshi Nia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bakhshi Nia A, Agha Bakhshii H, Zokaiy M. Understanding the lived experiences of people sleeping rough in Tehran. Soc Work Res J. 2017;3(11):214\u201362.","journal-title":"Soc Work Res J"},{"issue":"14","key":"787_CR7","first-page":"177","volume":"4","author":"AA DarvishiFard","year":"2017","unstructured":"DarvishiFard AA, Pour KF. Understanding the lived experience of homeless women. Res J Soc Work. 2017;4(14):177\u2013215.","journal-title":"Res J Soc Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"787_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181d1a8a9","volume":"59","author":"AL Hudson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hudson AL, Nyamathi A, Greengold B, Slagle A, Koniak-Griffin D, Khalilifard F, et al. Health-seeking challenges among homeless youth. Nurs Res. 2010;59(3):212.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"787_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.02.017","volume":"38","author":"AM Altena","year":"2010","unstructured":"Altena AM, Brilleslijper-Kater SN, Wolf JR. Effective interventions for homeless youth: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(6):637\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"787_CR10","first-page":"27","volume":"9","author":"M Diary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diary M, Kermany M. Sociological study of sexual abnormalities in homeless hangouts in Tehran and Mashhad. Soc Stud Res Iran. 2020;9(1):27\u201355.","journal-title":"Soc Stud Res Iran"},{"key":"787_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105070","volume":"116","author":"M Khezri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khezri M, Mirzazadeh A, McFarland W, Iranpour A, Shahesmaeili A, Zarei J, et al. Prevalence of substance use and associated risk factors among homeless youth in Iran: a cross-sectional study. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2020;116:105070.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"787_CR12","unstructured":"Terry MJ, Gurpreet B, Patel N. Healthcare needs of homeless youth in the United States. J Pediatr Sci. 2010;2(1). ISSN: 1309-1247"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20120307-12","volume":"41","author":"MS Beharry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beharry MS. Health issues in the homeless youth population. Pediatr Ann. 2012;41(4):154\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"issue":"5","key":"787_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.01264","volume":"209","author":"A Davies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davies A, Wood LJ. Homeless health care: meeting the challenges of providing primary care. Med J Aust. 2018;209(5):230\u20134.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"787_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-019-1004-4","volume":"18","author":"E Purkey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Purkey E, MacKenzie M. Experience of healthcare among the homeless and vulnerably housed a qualitative study: opportunities for equity-oriented health care. Int J Equity Health. 2019;18(1):101.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR16","first-page":"176","volume":"5","author":"S Emami","year":"2003","unstructured":"Emami S, Tahamtan F, Nabipour I, Azizi F, Zafarmand M, Nakhaei K. Use of focus groups to assess the health needs of the community for priorities in health research in Bushehr Port\/IR Iran\/The Persian Gulf region. Iran South Med J (ISMJ). 2003;5(2):176\u201380.","journal-title":"Iran South Med J (ISMJ)."},{"issue":"10","key":"787_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2020.21.10.3109","volume":"21","author":"H Safizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Safizadeh H, Amirzadeh N, Shahrbabaki PM. Motivational factors for breast cancer screening behaviors in Iranian women: a qualitative study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP. 2020;21(10):3109.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","volume":"24","author":"UH Graneheim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105\u201312.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"787_CR19","first-page":"41","volume-title":"The trustworthiness of content analysis. The application of content analysis in nursing science research","author":"H Kyng\u00e4s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kyng\u00e4s H, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen M, Elo S. The trustworthiness of content analysis. The application of content analysis in nursing science research. Springer; 2020. p. 41\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"R Sedigh Sarvestani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sedigh Sarvestani R, Arash N. Drug abuse, social exclusion, and homelessness in Tehran: a qualitative study. Iran J Soc Probl. 2011;1(4):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Iran J Soc Probl."},{"key":"787_CR21","unstructured":"Karami E, Bahramy H, Aria AM, Farid A, Fakhri Z. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and antisocial behavior in substance-dependent homeless woman. Mediterr J Soc Sci. 2014;4."},{"key":"787_CR22","first-page":"51","volume":"6","author":"K Safiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Safiri K, Khadem R. An evaluation of life expectancy status among homeless women in Tehran city (case of study: a temporary holding center for homeless women of Tehran municipality, \u201csamansraye lavizan\u201d). J Iran Soc Dev Stud (JISDS). 2014;6:51\u201370.","journal-title":"J Iran Soc Dev Stud (JISDS)"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1363\/47e6715","volume":"47","author":"D Santa Maria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santa Maria D, Narendorf SC, Ha Y, Bezette-Flores N. Exploring contextual factors of youth homelessness and sexual risk behaviors: a qualitative study. Perspect Sexual Reprod Health. 2015;47(4):195\u2013201.","journal-title":"Perspect Sexual Reprod Health"},{"key":"787_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.03.005","volume":"54","author":"BR Davies","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davies BR, Allen NB. Trauma and homelessness in youth: psychopathology and intervention. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;54:17\u201328.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"787_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0270-1","volume":"43","author":"JP Edidin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Edidin JP, Ganim Z, Hunter SJ, Karnik NS. The mental and physical health of homeless youth: a literature review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2012;43(3):354\u201375.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"787_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.06.007","volume":"55","author":"K Bender","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bender K, Yang J, Ferguson K, Thompson S. Experiences and needs of homeless youth with a history of foster care. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2015;55:222\u201331.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"787_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2674","author":"JRG O\u2019Brien","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien JRG, Edinburgh LD, Barnes AJ, McRee A-L. Mental health outcomes among homeless, runaway, and stably housed youth. Pediatrics. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-2674.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"787_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1767","author":"AJ Barnes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barnes AJ, Gilbertson J, Chatterjee D. Emotional health among youth experiencing family homelessness. Pediatrics. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2017-1767.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"787_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080928","volume":"14","author":"J Leibler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leibler J, Nguyen D, Le\u00f3n C, Gaeta J, Perez D. Personal hygiene practices among urban homeless persons in Boston, MA. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(8):928.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"787_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020309","volume":"15","author":"M Jego","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jego M, Abcaya J, Stefan D-E, Calvet-Montredon C, Gentile S. Improving health care management in primary care for homeless people: a literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(2):309.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"787_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e379","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12739","volume":"27","author":"SI van Dongen","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Dongen SI, van Straaten B, Wolf JR, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, van der Heide A, Rietjens JA, et al. Self-reported health, healthcare service use and health-related needs: a comparison of older and younger homeless people. Health Soc Care Community. 2019;27(4):e379\u201388.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"issue":"3","key":"787_CR32","first-page":"279","volume":"7","author":"M Fathi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fathi M, Rezai H, Mirzaee S. Explaining the unwillingness of the homeless to use municipal homeless shelters in Tehran city, Iran: a qualitative study. J Qual Res Health Sci. 2018;7(3):279\u201387.","journal-title":"J Qual Res Health Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"787_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.06.007","volume":"110","author":"KW Dammann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dammann KW, Smith C. Race, homelessness, and other environmental factors associated with the food-purchasing behavior of low-income women. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(9):1351\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00787-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00787-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00787-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T13:02:49Z","timestamp":1647781369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00787-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00787-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-853109\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Before starting the interview, the aims of the study were explained to the participants. The informed consent of the participants was obtained for their participation and record of the interviews. The participants could also withdraw at any stage of the study. We also promised to keep the information confidential and anonymous and avoid publishing the interviewees' audio or text files. All of the information that helped identify participants was removed. Moreover, the study\u2019s protocol was reviewed and approved\u00a0by the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR.KMU.REC. 1398.520). All methods were carried out in accordance\u00a0with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have approved the manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"75"}}