{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:45:20Z","timestamp":1793936720714,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Goal setting and goal-focused work is widely used in young people\u2019s mental health settings. However, little is known about how, why or for whom this is helpful. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of collaborative goal setting as part of therapeutic relationships: is it helpful for young people experiencing anxiety and\/or depression, how and why\/not, for whom, and under what circumstances?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Online database searches generated 10,907 records. Seven unique studies are included, combined with insight analysis from directed discussions with international advisors with lived experience of anxiety and\/or depression and therapy (N\u2009=\u20098; mean age\u2009=\u200920.8), and mental health academics\/clinicians (N\u2009=\u20096).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings are presented as a narrative synthesis and suggest that goal setting is helpful to young people experiencing anxiety and\/or depression because it helps build good therapeutic relationships through open communication and building trust. Goal setting helps make things more manageable, enabling young people to feel supported and have ownership of their care. Individual preferences, or high levels of distress, trauma, low confidence, hopelessness, negative past experiences of goal setting, perfectionism, and rumination are considered limiting factors to goal setting. Additionally, contextual factors including country and long-term therapy are explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whilst the resultant sample is small, emphasis on the voices of young people in the research is both prominent and of paramount importance. Several key literature gaps are identified, including evidenced links to the reduction in symptoms. Priority must be given to researching unhelpful mechanisms of goal setting for young people experiencing anxiety and\/or depression, to avoid any potential iatrogenic effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00879-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T18:04:41Z","timestamp":1657735481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Goal setting with young people for anxiety and depression: What works for whom in therapeutic relationships? A literature review and insight analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-1547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milos","family":"Stankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Spuerck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Shokraneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.120.3.338","volume":"122","author":"JT Austin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Austin JT, Vancouver JB. Goal constructs in psychology: structure, process, and content. Psychol Bull. 1996;122(3):338\u201375.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"879_CR2","volume-title":"Goals and goal based outcomes (GBOs): some useful information","author":"D Law","year":"2011","unstructured":"Law D. Goals and goal based outcomes (GBOs): some useful information. London: Internal CORC Publication; 2011."},{"issue":"20","key":"879_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22821","volume":"75","author":"G Di Malta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Malta G, Oddli HW, Cooper M. From intention to action: a mixed methods study of clients\u2019 experiences of goal-oriented practices. J Clin Psychol. 2019;75(20):1770\u201389.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"879_CR4","volume-title":"Goals and goal based outcomes: some useful information","author":"D Law","year":"2015","unstructured":"Law D, Jacob J. Goals and goal based outcomes: some useful information. 3rd ed. London: CAMHS Press; 2015.","edition":"3"},{"key":"879_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/713869618","volume":"12","author":"M Grosse","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grosse M, Grawe HK. Bern inventory of treatment goals: part 1. Development and first application of a taxonomy of treatment goal themes. Psychother Res. 2002;12:79\u201399.","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"879_CR6","unstructured":"Law D. The goal-based outcome (GBO) tool. Guidance notes. [Internet]. Goals in Therapy. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/goalsintherapycom.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/02\/gbo-version-2.0-guide-final-1st-feb-2019.pdf."},{"key":"879_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-2792-6_2","volume-title":"Cognitive perspectives on emotion and motivation","author":"A Bandura","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bandura A. Self-regulation of motivation and action through goal systems. In: Bandura A, editor. Cognitive perspectives on emotion and motivation. Dordrecht: Springer; 1988. p. 37\u201361."},{"key":"879_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.47.4.918","volume":"47","author":"G Manderlink","year":"1984","unstructured":"Manderlink G, Harackiewicz JM. Proximal versus distal goal setting and intrinsic motivation. J Personal Soc Psychol. 1984;47:918\u201328.","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"879_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054346","volume":"50","author":"AH Maslow","year":"1943","unstructured":"Maslow AH. A theory of human motivation. Psychol Rev. 1943;50:370\u201396.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"879_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000025","volume":"142","author":"B Harkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harkin B, Webb TL, Chang BP, Prestwich A, Conner M, Kellar I, Benn Y, Sheeran P. Does monitoring goal progress promote goal attainment? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychol Bull. 2016;142(2):198\u2013229.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"879_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009727.pub2","author":"WM Levack","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levack WM, Weatherall M, Hay-Smith EC, Dean SG, McPherson K, Siegert RJ. Goal setting and strategies to enhance goal pursuit for adults with acquired disability participating in rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009727.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"879_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.10.340","volume":"30","author":"N Mellat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mellat N, Lavasani MG. The role of epistemological beliefs, motivational constructs and Information processing strategies in regulation of learning. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2011;30(1):1761\u20139.","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"879_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7870\/cjcmh-2005-0018","volume":"24","author":"JE Leavey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leavey JE. Youth experiences of living with mental health problems: emergence, loss, adaptation and recovery (ELAR). Can J Community Ment Health. 2009;24(2):109\u201326.","journal-title":"Can J Community Ment Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1841","volume":"21","author":"LM Simonds","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simonds LM, Pons RA, Stone NJ, Warren F, John M. Adolescents with anxiety and depression: Is social recovery relevant? Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014;21(4):289\u201398.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"879_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.3.497","volume":"64","author":"LG Castonguay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Castonguay LG. Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: a study of unique and common factors. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64:497\u2013504.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"879_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/12075-000","volume-title":"The heart and soul of change second edition: delivering what works in therapy","author":"BL Duncan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duncan BL. The heart and soul of change second edition: delivering what works in therapy. Washington: American Psychological Association; 2010."},{"key":"879_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.9.1.21","volume":"9","author":"SB Messer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Messer SB. Let\u2019s face facts: common factors are more potent than specific therapy ingredients. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2002;9:21\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.21.3.189","volume":"21","author":"AE Kazdin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kazdin AE, Siegel TC, Bass D. Drawing on clinical practice to inform research on child and adolescent psychotherapy: survey of practitioners. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 1990;21(3):189\u201398.","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/h0085885","volume":"16","author":"ES Bordin","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bordin ES. The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychother Theory Res Pract. 1979;16(3):252\u201360.","journal-title":"Psychother Theory Res Pract"},{"key":"879_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102322","volume":"76","author":"HK Luong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luong HK, Drummond SPA, Norton PJ. Elements of the therapeutic relationship in CBT for anxiety disorders: a systematic review. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;76:102322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102322.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000170","volume":"55","author":"G Shick Tryon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shick Tryon G, Birch SE, Verkuilen J. Meta-analyses of the relation of goal consensus and collaboration to psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy. 2018;55(4):372\u201383.","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"879_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-1849(96)80002-3","volume":"5","author":"R DiGiuseppe","year":"1996","unstructured":"DiGiuseppe R, Linscott J, Jilton R. Developing the therapeutic alliance in child-adolescent psychotherapy. Appl Prev Psychol. 1996;5(2):85\u2013100.","journal-title":"Appl Prev Psychol"},{"key":"879_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/w2nct","author":"S Hartley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartley S, Redmond T, Berry K. Therapeutic relationships within child and adolescent mental health inpatient services: a qualitative exploration of the experiences of young people, family members and nursing staff Short. PsyArXiv. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/w2nct.","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"879_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00283-2","volume":"8","author":"M Wolpert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolpert M, Pote I, Sebastian C. Identifying and integrating active ingredients for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(9):741\u20133.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"879_CR25","unstructured":"INVOLVE. Briefing note for researchers: Public involvement in NHS, public health and social care research [Internet]. 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.invo.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/04\/INVOLVEBriefingNotesApr2012.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR26","first-page":"520","volume":"109","author":"T Gotschall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gotschall T. EndNote 20 desktop version. J Med Libr Assoc JMLA. 2021;109(3):520.","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc JMLA"},{"issue":"1","key":"879_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz ZEA. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"879_CR28","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Supplementary guidance for inclusion of qualitative research in cochrane systematic reviews of interventions version 1","author":"K Hannes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hannes K. Chapter 4: Critical appraisal of qualitative research. In: Njbahkhahjlsl C, editor. Supplementary guidance for inclusion of qualitative research in cochrane systematic reviews of interventions version 1. London: Cochrane Collaboration Qualitative Methods Group; 2011. p. 4."},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12003","volume":"25","author":"LR Bennett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bennett LR. Adolescent depression: meeting therapeutic challenges through an integrated narrative approach. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2012;25(4):184\u201394.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"879_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21830","volume":"68","author":"L Berdondini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berdondini L, Elliott R, Shearer J. Collaboration in experiential therapy. J Clin Psychol. 2012;68(2):159\u201367.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"879_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(200008)56:8<1037::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"56","author":"GM Diamond","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diamond GM, Diamond GS, Liddle HA. The therapist\u2013parent alliance in family-based therapy for adolescents. J Clin Psychol. 2000;56(8):1037\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1765041","volume":"31","author":"A Cirasola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cirasola A, Midgley N, Fonagy P, Martin P, MGoodyer I, Reynolds S, et al. The factor structure of the working alliance inventory short-form in youth psychotherapy: an empirical investigation. Psychother Res. 2021;31(4):535\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10503307.2020.1765041.","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"879_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/med-psych\/9780198793687.003.0004","volume-title":"Working with goals in psychotherapy and counselling","author":"A Feltham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feltham A, Martin K, Walker L. Using goals in therapy: the perspective of people with lived experience. In: Cooper M, Law D, editors. Working with goals in psychotherapy and counselling. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2018. p. 73\u201385."},{"key":"879_CR34","volume-title":"Guide to using outcomes and feedback tools with children, young people and families. Formally known as the COOP document","author":"D Law","year":"2014","unstructured":"Law D, Wolpert M. Guide to using outcomes and feedback tools with children, young people and families. Formally known as the COOP document. London: CAMHS Press; 2014."},{"key":"879_CR35","volume-title":"A critical realist study of shared decision-making in young people\u2019s mental health inpatient units","author":"K Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin K. A critical realist study of shared decision-making in young people\u2019s mental health inpatient units. Bristol: Bristol University Press; 2019."},{"key":"879_CR36","unstructured":"Hawks JM. Exploring the therapeutic alliance with adolescents and their caregivers: A qualitative approach. Diss Abstr Int Sect A Humanit Soc Sci. 2016;77(4-A(E)):No-Specified. Available from: http:\/\/ovidsp.ovid.com\/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=psyc13&NEWS=N&AN=2016-37856-098."},{"issue":"1","key":"879_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/0075417X.2020.1743736","volume":"46","author":"D Marks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marks D. Fostering parental growth and enhancing the therapeutic alliance: key tasks for the child psychotherapist. J Child Psychother. 2020;46(1):20\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0075417X.2020.1743736.","journal-title":"J Child Psychother"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2013.856043","volume":"24","author":"MS Shpigel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shpigel MS, Diamond GM. Good versus poor therapeutic alliances with non-accepting parents of same-sex oriented adolescents and young adults: a qualitative study. Psychother Res. 2014;24(3):376\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10503307.2013.856043.","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"879_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.10.4.301","volume":"10","author":"M Paul","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paul M. Decision-making about children\u2019s health care. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2004;10:301\u201311.","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"key":"879_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.704136","author":"SH Stige","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stige SH, Eik I, Oddli HW, Moltu C. Negotiating system requirements to secure client engagement\u2014therapist strategies in adolescent psychotherapy initiated by others. Front Psychol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.704136.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR41","first-page":"198","volume":"47","author":"SL Marshall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshall SL, Oades LG, Crowe TP. Australian mental health consumers\u2019 contributions to the evaluation and improvement of recovery oriented service provision. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2010;47(3):198\u2013205.","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022614562584","volume":"78","author":"A Cairns","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cairns A, Kavanagh D, Dark F, McPhail SM. Setting measurable goals with young people: qualitative feedback from the goal attainment scale in youth mental health. Br J Occup Ther. 2015;78(4):253\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104504046162","volume":"9","author":"DH Grossoehme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grossoehme DH, Gerbetz L. Adolescent perceptions of meaningfulness of psychiatric hospitalization. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;9(4):589\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9685-9","volume":"41","author":"JM Dickson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dickson JM, Moberly NJ. Goal internalization and outcome expectancy in adolescent anxiety. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2013;41(3):389\u201397.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"879_CR45","unstructured":"Abrera AM. Depression and suicide risk among adolescents: exploring the moderating role of benevolence and goal-orientation. In: The 6 th ASEAN regional union psychological society (ARUPS) congress \u201cdriving mental revolution in the psychological century: enhancing psychological services for a better future. Bali; 2018. p. 56."},{"issue":"2","key":"879_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104515591226","volume":"21","author":"J Edbrooke-Childs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edbrooke-Childs J, Jacob J, Argent R, Patalay P, Deighton JWM. The relationship between child-and parent-reported shared decision making and child-, parent-, and clinician-reported treatment outcome in routinely collected child mental health services data. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;21(2):324\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.07.906","volume":"58","author":"J Edbrooke-Childs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Edbrooke-Childs J, Patalay P. Ethnic differences in referral routes to youth mental health services. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019;58(3):368\u201375.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"879_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2307\/1130361","volume":"57","author":"L Steinberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Steinberg L, Silverberg SB. The vicissitudes of autonomy in early adolescence. Child Dev. 1986;57:841\u201351.","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00938115","volume":"18","author":"LA Slavin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Slavin LA, Rainer KL. Gender differences in emotional support and depressive symptoms among adolescents: a prospective analysis. Am J Community Psychol. 1990;18(3):407\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"879_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3998\/jmmh.10381607.0007.102","volume":"7","author":"A Ciftci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ciftci A, Jones N, Corrigan PW. Mental health stigma in the muslim community. J Muslim Ment Health. 2013;7(1):17\u201332.","journal-title":"J Muslim Ment Health"},{"key":"879_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.53841\/bpscypf.2013.1.1.29","volume":"1","author":"C Bromley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bromley C, Westwood S. Young people\u2019s participation: views from young people on using goals. Child Fam Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;1:29\u201340.","journal-title":"Child Fam Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"879_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3109\/09638230902968290","volume":"18","author":"SP Clarke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clarke SP, Oades LG, Crowe TP, Caputi P, Deane FP. The role of symptom distress and goal attainment in promoting aspects of psychological recovery for consumers with enduring mental illness. J Ment Health. 2009;18(5):389\u201397.","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"879_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001058","volume":"207","author":"ES Trent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trent ES, Viana AG, Raines EM, Woodward EC, Zvolensky MJCA. Exposure to parental threatening behaviors and internalizing psychopathology in a trauma-exposed inpatient adolescent sample: the role of difficulties with goal-directed behaviors. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2019;207(11):969\u201376.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930802696849","volume":"24","author":"NJ Moberly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moberly NJ, Watkins ER. Negative affect and ruminative self-focus during everyday goal pursuit. Cogn Emot. 2010;24(4):729\u201339.","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"3","key":"879_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1446","volume":"13","author":"A Steen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steen A, Berghuis H, Braam AW. Lack of meaning, purpose and direction in life in personality disorder: a comparative quantitative approach using Livesley\u2019s general assessment of personality disorder. Personal Ment Health. 2019;13(3):144\u201354.","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"879_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015172","volume":"96","author":"C Wrosch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wrosch C, Miller GE. Depressive symptoms can be useful: self-regulatory and emotional benefits of dysphoric mood in adolescence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009;96(6):1181\u201390.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"879_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.53841\/bpscypf.2013.1.1.19","volume":"1","author":"C Troupp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Troupp C. Distinguishing patient-generated outcome measures in CAMHS from a bespoke sandwich. Child Fam Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;1(1):19\u201328.","journal-title":"Child Fam Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1108\/SC-07-2018-0019","volume":"17","author":"J Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor J, Shostak L, Rogers A, Mitchell P. Rethinking mental health provision in the secure estate for children and young people: a framework for integrated care (SECURE STAIRS). Safer Communities. 2018;17(4):193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Safer Communities"},{"issue":"6","key":"879_CR59","first-page":"77","volume":"7","author":"H Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng H, Hayes D, Edbrooke-Childs J, Martin K, Chapman L, Wolpert M. What approaches for promoting shared decision making are used in child mental health? A scoping review. Helen MIR mHealth uHealth. 2017;7(6):77.","journal-title":"Helen MIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"879_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1247358","volume":"47","author":"DA Langer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Langer DA, Jensen-Doss A. Shared decision-making in youth mental health care: using the evidence to plan treatments collaboratively. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018;47(5):821\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"879_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2011.04.014","volume":"105","author":"A Coulter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coulter A, Edwards A, Elwyn G, Thomson R. Implementing shared decision making in the UK. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2011;105(4):300\u20134.","journal-title":"Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00879-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00879-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00879-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T14:47:27Z","timestamp":1700837247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00879-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00879-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this research was not required because it does not involve collection nor analysis of primary data, and youth advisors were consulted on in the capacity of being part of the advisory group, to discuss their interpretation of the findings, rather than within the capacity of research participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"JJ works on the Child Outcomes Research Consortium (CORC) project at the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, which encourages the use of outcome measures in youth mental health settings amongst its members. No other authors report any competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"171"}}