{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:20:36Z","timestamp":1787584836323,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Life-threatening illnesses in childhood are considered a crisis for the whole family, especially for the mother, which leads to experiencing different degrees of grief and emotional-behavioral problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study is conducted with the aim of explaining the concept of anticipatory grief from the perspective of the mothers of the children with life-threatening illnesses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This qualitative study is part of a sequential exploratory research for model development in the field of anticipatory grief, which was conducted using conventional content analysis method. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 mothers of the children with life-threatening illnesses living in Shiraz and Tehran, who were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation. When data saturation were achieved, the data were codified by MAXQDA-10 software and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman\u2019s approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data analysis resulted in the identification of 8 subcategories including shock, irritability, fear of losing, feeling guilty, uncertainty, hopelessness, loneliness and isolation, and mourning without a coffin, all forming the major theme emotional upheaval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the result of being in a situation of imminent and possible loss of her child, the mother experiences different responses of sadness and sorrow and suffers the consequences the core of which is consisted of emotional upheaval. Therefore, by explaining the behaviors related to anticipatory grief, efficient and effective interventions can be designed to improve coping among this group of mothers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-022-00904-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T11:06:39Z","timestamp":1660215999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Emotional upheaval, the essence of anticipatory grief in mothers of children with life threatening illnesses: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kazem","family":"Najafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Shirinabadi Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rassouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Alavi Majd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Karami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"904_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e032582","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032582","volume":"9","author":"AHY Ho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ho AHY, Dutta O, Tan-Ho G, Choo PY, Low XC, Chong PH, Ng C, Ganapathy S. Thematic analysis of spousal interaction patterns among Asian parents of children with chronic life-threatening illness. BMJ Open. 2019;9(11):e032582.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"904_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208507","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8507","volume":"3","author":"F Muscara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muscara F, McCarthy MC, Rayner M, Nicholson JM, Dimovski A, McMillan L, Hearps SJ, Yamada J, Burke K, Walser R. Effect of a videoconference-based online group intervention for traumatic stress in parents of children with life-threatening illness: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(7):e208507\u2013e208507.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"904_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909110391463","volume":"28","author":"V Randall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Randall V, Cervenka J, Arday D, Hooper T, Hanson J. Prevalence of Life-Threatening Conditions in Children\u00ae. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2010;28(5):310\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.04.017","volume":"55","author":"JY Boyden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boyden JY, Curley MAQ, Deatrick JA, Ersek M. Factors associated With the use of US community-based palliative care for children with life-limiting or life-threatening illnesses and their families: an integrative review. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2018;55(1):117\u201331.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"904_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-019-03393-w","volume":"178","author":"LM Verberne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verberne LM, Kars MC, Schouten-van Meeteren AY, van den Bergh EM, Bosman DK, Colenbrander DA, Grootenhuis MA, van Delden JJ. Parental experiences and coping strategies when caring for a child receiving paediatric palliative care: a qualitative study. Eur J Pediatr. 2019;178(7):1075\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.19.055","volume":"26","author":"L Nikfarid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikfarid L, Rassouli M, Farahani AS, Beykmirza R, Khoshnazar TAK. Perspectives of Afghan refugee mothers on the experience of caring for a child with cancer: a qualitative analysis. East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(6):680\u20136.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"904_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22910","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.22910","volume":"5","author":"J Bogensperger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bogensperger J, Lueger-Schuster B. Losing a child: finding meaning in bereavement. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2014;5:22910.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"904_CR8","volume-title":"When children die: improving palliative and end-of-life care for children and their families","author":"RE Behrman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Behrman RE, Field MJ. When children die: improving palliative and end-of-life care for children and their families. Washington: National Academies Press; 2003."},{"issue":"8","key":"904_CR9","first-page":"13","volume":"3","author":"N Avaznejad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avaznejad N, Ravanipour M, Bahreyni M, Motamed N. Comparison of spiritual health in mothers with healthy children and mothers of children with chronic disease in Kerman 2015\u20132016. Nurs Vulnerables. 2016;3(8):13\u201325.","journal-title":"Nurs Vulnerables"},{"key":"904_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijpho.v9i3.1167","author":"F Khademi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khademi F, Rassouli M, Mojen LK, Heidarzadeh M, Farahani AS, Borumandnia N. Caring power of mothers who have a child with cancer and its predictors. Iran J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijpho.v9i3.1167.","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"904_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05381.x","volume":"66","author":"E Al-Gamal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Gamal E, Long T. Anticipatory grieving among parents living with a child with cancer. J Adv Nurs. 2010;66(9):1980\u201390.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000321","volume":"12","author":"A Coelho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coelho A, de Brito M, Barbosa A. Caregiver anticipatory grief: phenomenology, assessment and clinical interventions. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2018;12(1):52\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"904_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13209","volume":"17","author":"N Nantha Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nantha Kumar N, Nyatsuro K. Anticipatory grief: a medical student perspective. Clin Teach. 2020;17(4):423\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Teach"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"904_CR14","first-page":"155","volume":"151","author":"E Lindemann","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lindemann E. Symptomatology and management of acute grief. 1994. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151(6 Suppl):155\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15694","volume":"110","author":"MA de Man","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Man MA, Segers EW, Schappin R, van der Leeden K, W\u00f6sten-van Asperen RM, Breur H, de Weerth C, van den Hoogen A. Parental experiences of their infant\u2019s hospital admission undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110(6):1730\u201340.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"904_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13312","volume":"25","author":"BH Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang BH, Mu PF, Wang WS. The experiences of families living with the anticipatory loss of a school-age child with spinal muscular atrophy\u2013the parents\u2019 perspectives. J Clin Nurs. 2016;25(17\u201318):2648\u201357.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"12","key":"904_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10120178","volume":"10","author":"H Ounalli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ounalli H, Mamo D, Testoni I, Belvederi Murri M, Caruso R, Grassi L. Improving dignity of care in community-dwelling elderly patients with cognitive decline and their caregivers. The role of dignity therapy. Behav Sci. 2020;10(12):178.","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"904_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y","volume":"42","author":"LA Palinkas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palinkas LA, Horwitz SM, Green CA, Wisdom JP, Duan N, Hoagwood K. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2015;42(5):533\u201344.","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res"},{"key":"904_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233339361559767","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393615597674","volume":"2","author":"MJ McIntosh","year":"2015","unstructured":"McIntosh MJ, Morse JM. Situating and constructing diversity in semi-structured interviews. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2015;2:2333393615597674.","journal-title":"Glob Qual Nurs Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/1054137320923383","volume":"30","author":"A Coelho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coelho A, Roberto MS, Barros L, Barbosa A. Family caregiver\u2019s anticipatory grief\u2014clinical interview: psychometric characteristics and scoring pattern. Illn Crisis Loss. 2022;30(2):294\u2013319.","journal-title":"Illn Crisis Loss"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","volume":"24","author":"UH Graneheim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105\u201312.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR22","first-page":"97","volume":"4","author":"YS Lincoln","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lincoln YS, Lynham SA, Guba EG. Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. Sage Handb Qual Res. 2011;4(2):97\u2013128.","journal-title":"Sage Handb Qual Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"904_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/1043454214563407","volume":"32","author":"L Nikfarid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nikfarid L, Rassouli M, Borimnejad L, Alavimajd H. Chronic sorrow in mothers of children with cancer. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2015;32(5):314\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR24","first-page":"99","volume":"98","author":"FJ Berkey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berkey FJ, Wiedemer JP, Vithalani ND. Delivering bad or life-altering news. Am Fam Physician. 2018;98(2):99\u2013104.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2017.0054","volume":"21","author":"K Mooney-Doyle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mooney-Doyle K, Deatrick JA, Ulrich CM, Meghani SH, Feudtner C. Parenting in childhood life-threatening illness: a mixed-methods study. J Palliat Med. 2018;21(2):208\u201315.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000175","volume":"30","author":"F Nikseresht","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nikseresht F, Rassouli M, Torabi F, Farzinfard F, Mansouri S, Ilkhani M. The effect of spiritual care on mental health in mothers of children with cancer. Holist Nurs Pract. 2016;30(6):330\u20137.","journal-title":"Holist Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1177\/1043454217748597","volume":"35","author":"L Nikfarid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nikfarid L, Rassouli M, Borimnejad L, Alavimajd H. Religious coping in Iranian mothers of children with cancer: a qualitative content analysis. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2018;35(3):188\u201398.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2016.17.2.545","volume":"17","author":"S Borjalilu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borjalilu S, Shahidi S, Mazaheri MA, Emami AH. Spiritual care training for mothers of children with cancer: effects on quality of care and mental health of caregivers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(2):545\u201352.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001558","volume":"42","author":"M Shakiba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shakiba M, Latifi A, Navidian A. The effect of cognitive-emotional intervention on growth and posttraumatic stress in mothers of children with cancer: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2020;42(2):118\u201325.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"904_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909116647960","volume":"34","author":"A Coelho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coelho A, Barbosa A. Family anticipatory grief: an integrative literature review\u00ae. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2017;34(8):774\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"904_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7748\/ncyp.27.8.20.s23","volume":"27","author":"E Popejoy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Popejoy E. Parents\u2019 experiences of care decisions about children with life-limiting illnesses. Nurs Child Young People. 2015;27(8):20.","journal-title":"Nurs Child Young People"},{"key":"904_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/compreped.65545","author":"M Ahmadi Pishkuhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmadi Pishkuhi M, Ahmadi M, Shoraka H, Chegeni M. Parents\u2019 experience of caring children with cancer: a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. J Compr Pediatr. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/compreped.65545.","journal-title":"J Compr Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-00555-8","volume":"19","author":"O Dutta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dutta O, Tan-Ho G, Choo PY, Low XC, Chong PH, Ng C, Ganapathy S, Ho AHY. Trauma to transformation: the lived experience of bereaved parents of children with chronic life-threatening illnesses in Singapore. BMC Palliat Care. 2020;19(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"904_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073724","volume":"18","author":"B G\u00f3mez-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Z\u00fa\u00f1iga B, Pulido R, Pousada M, Armayones M. The role of parent\/caregiver with children affected by rare diseases: navigating between love and fear. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3724.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000084","volume":"85","author":"H Abu-Raiya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abu-Raiya H, Pargament KI, Krause N, Ironson G. Robust links between religious\/spiritual struggles, psychological distress, and well-being in a national sample of American adults. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2015;85(6):565.","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"904_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12175","volume":"23","author":"RE Olson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olson RE. Indefinite loss: the experiences of carers of a spouse with cancer. Eur J Cancer Care. 2014;23(4):553\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"904_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2020.02.04","volume":"9","author":"S Fox","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fox S, Azman A, Timmons S. Palliative care needs in Parkinson\u2019s disease: focus on anticipatory grief in family carers. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(Supplement 1):34\u201343.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-018-0376-3","volume":"17","author":"DSK Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung DSK, Ho KHM, Cheung TF, Lam SC, Tse MMY. Anticipatory grief of spousal and adult children caregivers of people with dementia. BMC Palliat Care. 2018;17(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR39","first-page":"265","volume":"14","author":"N Tayebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tayebi N, Omidi A, Chahkhoei M, Zadeh Mahani MA, Najafi K, Aliravari H, Haghshenas A. Barriers standards of professional ethics in clinical care from the perspective of nurses. Rev Latinoam Hipertens. 2019;14(3):265\u201370.","journal-title":"Rev Latinoam Hipertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.02.018","volume":"55","author":"LJ Breen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Breen LJ, Aoun SM, O\u2019Connor M, Howting D, Halkett GK. Family caregivers\u2019 preparations for death: a qualitative analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018;55(6):1473\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"904_CR41","volume-title":"Understanding anticipatory grief: relationship to coping style, attachment style, caregiver strain, gender role identification, and spirituality","author":"BN Lane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lane BN. Understanding anticipatory grief: relationship to coping style, attachment style, caregiver strain, gender role identification, and spirituality. Texas: Texas A&M University; 2005."},{"issue":"9","key":"904_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2013.06.022","volume":"20","author":"P Betremieux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Betremieux P, Mannoni C. Neonatal palliative care and culture. Arch Pediatr Organe Off Soc Fr Pediatr. 2013;20(9):1000\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Organe Off Soc Fr Pediatr"},{"key":"904_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2017.02.003","volume":"28","author":"L Nikfarid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nikfarid L, Rassouli M, Borimnejad L, Alavimajd H. Experience of chronic sorrow in mothers of children with cancer: a phenomenological study. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2017;28:98\u2013106.","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"904_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222818809766","volume":"82","author":"CA Corr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Corr CA. Elisabeth K\u00fcbler-Ross and the \u201cfive stages\u201d model in a sampling of recent American textbooks. OMEGA-J Death Dying. 2020;82(2):294\u2013322.","journal-title":"OMEGA-J Death Dying"},{"key":"904_CR45","volume-title":"Nursing grief and loss","author":"JR Oates","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oates JR, Maani-Fogelman PA. Nursing grief and loss. Florida: StatPearls; 2020."}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00904-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00904-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00904-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T14:17:56Z","timestamp":1700921876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00904-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-022-00904-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is extracted from a nursing PhD thesis approved by the Ethics Committee under the code IR.SBMU.PHARMACY.REC.1400.026. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and ethical principles from the Declaration of Helsinki were followed throughout the process. Written informed consents were obtained from all the participants. They were assured of data confidentiality and were provided with information regarding the research objectives. They also gave their consent to be audio recorded and were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any given time.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"196"}}