{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:53:54Z","timestamp":1793055234812,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several factors can contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD) and negatively affect mothers\u2019 mental and physical well-being. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, resilience, and the risk of PPD development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to mothers during their postpartum period. The risk of PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), postpartum fatigue (PPF) was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the relationship between the study variables. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explain the contributions of PPF, sleep quality, and resilience as independent predictors of PPD development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1409 postpartum women were included in the analysis, with 75% of the participants reporting a risk of PPD, 61% reporting PPF, 97% reporting having sleep problems, and 36% being in the \u201clow resilience level\u201d category. In terms of correlations, the scores of FSS and the PSQI showed moderate positive relationships with the EPDS scores (r\u2009=\u20090.344 and r\u2009=\u20090.447, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.000). The BRS scores were negatively associated with the EPDS scores (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.530,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000). Fatigue, sleep quality, and resilience were predictors of depressive symptoms (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.127, \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.262, and \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.393, respectively, R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.000). The association remained significant in the regression model after adjusting for mother\u2019s age, mother\u2019s BMI, child\u2019s age, smoking status, full-term pregnancy, having a chronic disease, and taking anti-depressant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers with higher levels of fatigue, poor sleep quality, and low resilience levels were at high risk of developing PPD. Healthcare providers should identify these factors and thus set better rehabilitation goals to improve overall maternal health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01043-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T22:02:50Z","timestamp":1673560970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["The relationship between fatigue, sleep quality, resilience, and the risk of postpartum depression: an emphasis on maternal mental health"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Baian A.","family":"Baattaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutasim D.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouf M.","family":"Babteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen M.","family":"Al-Maqbool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faten A.","family":"Babgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashar A.","family":"Albatati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1043_CR1","unstructured":"Stewart DE, Robertson E, Phil M, Dennis C-L, Grace SL, Wallington T. Postpartum Depression: Literature Review of Risk Factors and Interventions. Toronto Public Health: Toronto, Canada: University Health Network Women\u2019s Health Program; 2003."},{"key":"1043_CR2","unstructured":"Maternal mental health and child health and development in low and middle income countries: report of the meeting, Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization (WHO). 2008. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/43975."},{"key":"1043_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810330025004","volume":"48","author":"MW O\u2019Hara","year":"1991","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara MW, Schlechte JA, Lewis DA, Wright EJ. Prospective study of postpartum blues. Biologic and psychosocial factors. Arch Gen Psychiat. 1991;48:801\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiat"},{"key":"1043_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3109\/01443618109067376","volume":"1","author":"A Oakley","year":"1981","unstructured":"Oakley A, Chamberlain G. Medical and social factors in postpartum depression. J Obstet Gynaecol. 1981;1:182\u20137.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1043_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.09.002","volume":"28","author":"MW O\u2019Hara","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara MW, Wisner KL. Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet. 2014;28:3\u201312.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet"},{"key":"1043_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/00048678809161211","volume":"22","author":"CC Hapgood","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hapgood CC, Elkind GS, Wright JJ. Maternity blues: phenomena and relationship to later post partum depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1988;22:299\u2013306.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1043_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-67949-7.00022-7","volume-title":"Clinical care of the runner","author":"A Bowersock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowersock A, Lin CY. Chapter 22 - caring for and counseling the peripartum runner. In: Harrast MA, editor. Clinical care of the runner. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2020. p. 259\u201369."},{"key":"1043_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-618X.1996.tb00293.x","volume":"7","author":"LJ Tiesinga","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tiesinga LJ, Dassen TWN, Halfens RJG. Fatigue: a summary of the definitions, dimensions, and indicators. Int J Nurs Terminol Classif. 1996;7:51\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Terminol Classif"},{"key":"1043_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00420.x","volume":"31","author":"LS Aaronson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aaronson LS, Teel CS, Cassmeyer V, Neuberger GB, Pallikkathayil L, Pierce J, et al. Defining and measuring fatigue. J Nurs Scholarsh. 1999;31:45\u201350.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"1043_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NMC.0000281959.71454.e5","volume":"32","author":"EJ Corwin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Corwin EJ, Arbour M. Postpartum fatigue and evidence-based interventions. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2007;32:215\u201320.","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"key":"1043_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00319.x","volume":"112","author":"E Schytt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schytt E, Lindmark G, Waldenstr\u00f6m U. Physical symptoms after childbirth: prevalence and associations with self-rated health. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112:210\u20137.","journal-title":"BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1043_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-199109000-00009","volume":"16","author":"DL Gardner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gardner DL, Campbell B. Assessing postpartum fatigue. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 1991;16:264\u20136.","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"key":"1043_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2002.tb00066.x","volume":"31","author":"I Bozoky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bozoky I, Corwin EJ. Fatigue as a predictor of postpartum depression. JOGNN. 2002;31:436\u201343.","journal-title":"JOGNN"},{"key":"1043_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217505279997","volume":"34","author":"EJ Corwin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Corwin EJ, Brownstead J, Barton N, Heckard S, Morin K. The impact of fatigue on the development of postpartum depression. JOGNN. 2005;34:577\u201386.","journal-title":"JOGNN"},{"key":"1043_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JPN.0000270623.64584.53","volume":"21","author":"KA Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee KA. Sleep and pregnancy\/postpartum. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2007;21:91.","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"1043_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2000.00689.x","volume":"54","author":"K Nishihara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nishihara K, Horiuchi S, Eto H, Uchida S. Mothers\u2019 wakefulness at night in the post-partum period is related to their infants\u2019 circadian sleep-wake rhythm. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;54:305\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1043_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2304","volume":"36","author":"SP Insana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Insana SP, Williams KB, Montgomery-Downs HE. Sleep disturbance and neurobehavioral performance among postpartum women. Sleep. 2013;36:73\u201381.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"1043_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.03.005","volume":"5","author":"LM Christian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christian LM, Carroll JE, Porter K, Hall MH. Sleep quality across pregnancy and postpartum: effects of parity and race. Sleep Health. 2019;5:327\u201334.","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"1043_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-018-9950-7","volume":"41","author":"ML Okun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okun ML, Mancuso RA, Hobel CJ, Schetter CD, Coussons-Read M. Poor sleep quality increases symptoms of depression and anxiety in postpartum women. J Behav Med. 2018;41:703\u201310.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"1043_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0496-6","volume":"18","author":"BA Lewis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis BA, Gjerdingen D, Schuver K, Avery M, Marcus BH. The effect of sleep pattern changes on postpartum depressive symptoms. BMC Women\u2019s Health. 2018;18:12.","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"1043_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","volume":"18","author":"KM Connor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: the connor-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18:76\u201382.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1043_CR22","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Developmental psychopathology","author":"AS Masten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Masten AS, Cicchetti D. Resilience in development: progress and transformation. In: Cicchetti D, editor. Developmental psychopathology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016. p. 1\u201363."},{"key":"1043_CR23","unstructured":"The Young Foundation. 2012. https:\/\/www.youngfoundation.org\/our-work\/publications\/the-wellbeing-and-resilience-paradox-2\/the-wellbeing-and-resilience-paradox\/. Accessed 13 Jan 2022."},{"key":"1043_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.06.008","volume":"77","author":"A Schulz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulz A, Becker M, Van der Auwera S, Barnow S, Appel K, Mahler J, et al. The impact of childhood trauma on depression: Does resilience matter? Population-based results from the Study of Health in Pomerania. J Psychosom Res. 2014;77:97\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1043_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.009","volume":"126","author":"AP Wingo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wingo AP, Wrenn G, Pelletier T, Gutman AR, Bradley B, Ressler KJ. Moderating effects of resilience on depression in individuals with a history of childhood abuse or trauma exposure. J Affect Disord. 2010;126:411\u20134.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.036","volume":"174","author":"MB Sexton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sexton MB, Hamilton L, McGinnis EW, Rosenblum KL, Muzik M. The roles of resilience and childhood trauma history: main and moderating effects on postpartum maternal mental health and functioning. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:562\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.05.004","volume":"63","author":"HJG Abrahams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abrahams HJG, Gielissen MFM, Verhagen CAHHVM, Knoop H. The relationship of fatigue in breast cancer survivors with quality of life and factors to address in psychological interventions: a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2018;63:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1043_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S267996","volume":"12","author":"MS Mahfouz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahfouz MS, Ali SA, Bahari AY, Ajeebi RE, Sabei HJ, Somaily SY, et al. Association between sleep quality and physical activity in saudi Arabian University students. Nat Sci Sleep. 2020;12:775\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"1043_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alqahtani AS, Baattaiah BA, Alharbi MD, Khan F, Aldhahi MI. Barriers and facilitators affecting physical activity among adults in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 quarantine. Health Promot Int. 2021;191.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daab191"},{"key":"1043_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17061895","volume":"17","author":"S Cocozza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cocozza S, Sacco PL, Matarese G, Maffulli GD, Maffulli N, Tramontano D. Participation to leisure activities and well-being in a group of residents of naples-italy: the role of resilience. IJERPH. 2020;17:1895.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"1043_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000242","volume":"27","author":"R Diaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diaz R, Miller EK, Kraus E, Fredericson M. Impact of adaptive sports participation on quality of life. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2019;27:73\u201382.","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"key":"1043_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.04.002","volume":"31","author":"B Roshanaei-Moghaddam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roshanaei-Moghaddam B, Katon WJ, Russo J. The longitudinal effects of depression on physical activity. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:306\u201315.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1043_CR33","unstructured":"OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health. 2007. http:\/\/www.OpenEpi.com. Accessed 7 Aug 2022."},{"key":"1043_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559","volume":"78","author":"KM Deligiannidis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Doherty J, Jonas J, Li S, et al. Effect of Zuranolone vs Placebo in postpartum depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiat. 2021;78:951\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"1043_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31551-4","volume":"392","author":"S Meltzer-Brody","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meltzer-Brody S, Colquhoun H, Riesenberg R, Epperson CN, Deligiannidis KM, Rubinow DR, et al. Brexanolone injection in post-partum depression: two multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2018;392:1058\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1043_CR36","first-page":"374","volume":"6","author":"C Alvarado-Esquivel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alvarado-Esquivel C, Sifuentes-Alvarez A, Salas-Martinez C. Validation of the Edinburgh postpartum depression scale in a population of adult pregnant women in Mexico. J Clin Med Res. 2014;6:374\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"1043_CR37","first-page":"32","volume":"37","author":"GR Kheirabadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kheirabadi GR, Maracy MR, Akbaripour S, Masaeli N. Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale in a sample of Iranian women. Iran J Med Sci. 2012;37:32\u20138.","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"1043_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.06.061","volume":"135","author":"D Petrosyan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Petrosyan D, Armenian HK, Arzoumanian K. Interaction of maternal age and mode of delivery in the development of postpartum depression in Yerevan. Armen J Affect Disord. 2011;135:77\u201381.","journal-title":"Armen J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00008-0","volume":"39","author":"J Cox","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cox J. Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) in non-postnatal women. J Affect Disord. 1996;39:185\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01363.x","volume":"119","author":"J Gibson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gibson J, McKenzie-McHarg K, Shakespeare J, Price J, Gray R. A systematic review of studies validating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in antepartum and postpartum women. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009;119:350\u201364.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1043_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00789142","volume":"32","author":"R Ghubash","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ghubash R, Abou-Saleh MT, Daradkeh TK. The validity of the Arabic Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1997;32:474\u20136.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"1043_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-005-0069-9","volume":"8","author":"M Agoub","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agoub M, Moussaoui D, Battas O. Prevalence of postpartum depression in a Moroccan sample. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8:37\u201343.","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"1043_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","volume":"46","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale: application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:1121\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1043_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520280085020","volume":"45","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1988","unstructured":"Krupp LB, Alvarez LA, LaRocca NG, Scheinberg LC. Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1988;45:435\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1043_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.11.1956","volume":"45","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krupp LB, Coyle PK, Doscher C, Miller A, Cross AH, Jandorf L, et al. Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Neurology. 1995;45:1956\u201361.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1043_CR46","first-page":"454","volume":"79","author":"S Johansson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johansson S, Ytterberg C, Hillert J, Holmqvist LW, von Koch L. A longitudinal study of variations in and predictors of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. JNNP. 2008;79:454\u20137.","journal-title":"JNNP"},{"key":"1043_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2116","volume":"48","author":"M Ottonello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ottonello M, Pellicciari L, Giordano A, Foti C. Rasch analysis of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Italian subjects with multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Med. 2016;48:597\u2013603.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1043_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2016.1.13055","volume":"37","author":"HI Al-Sobayel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Sobayel HI, Al-Hugail HA, AlSaif RM, Albawardi NM, Alnahdi AH, Daif AM, et al. Validation of an Arabic version of fatigue severity scale. Saudi Med J. 2016;37:73\u20138.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"1043_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008960710415","volume":"9","author":"L Kleinman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kleinman L, Zodet MW, Hakim Z, Aledort J, Barker C, Chan K, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the fatigue severity scale for use in chronic hepatitis C. Qual Life Res. 2000;9:499\u2013508.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1043_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740801914868","volume":"37","author":"M Mattsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mattsson M, M\u00f6ller B, Lundberg IE, Gard G, Bostr\u00f6m C. Reliability and validity of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Swedish for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol. 2008;37:269\u201377.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1043_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1558-3","volume":"32","author":"A Gencay-Can","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gencay-Can A, Can SS. Validation of the Turkish version of the fatigue severity scale in patients with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:27\u201331.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1043_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940410028406","volume":"33","author":"A Lerdal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lerdal A, Wahl AK, Rustoen T, Hanestad BR, Moum T. Fatigue in the general population: a translation and test of the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the fatigue severity scale. Scand J Public Health. 2005;33:123\u201330.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"1043_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.11.1601","volume":"31","author":"PO Valko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Valko PO, Bassetti CL, Bloch KE, Held U, Baumann CR. Validation of the fatigue severity scale in a swiss cohort. Sleep. 2008;31:1601\u20137.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"1043_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193\u2013213.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1043_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00330-6","volume":"53","author":"J Backhaus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F. Test\u2013retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:737\u201340.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1043_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.193500","volume":"21","author":"S Iranpour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iranpour S, Kheirabadi G, Esmaillzadeh A, Heidari-Beni M, Maracy M. Association between sleep quality and postpartum depression. J Res Med Sci. 2016;21:110.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"1043_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945909348230","volume":"32","author":"KH Suleiman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suleiman KH, Yates BC, Berger AM, Pozehl B, Meza J. Translating the Pittsburgh sleep quality index into Arabic. West J Nurs Res. 2010;32:250\u201368.","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"key":"1043_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/10705500802222972","volume":"15","author":"BW Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15:194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"key":"1043_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.07.010","volume":"168","author":"R Leontjevas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leontjevas R, de Beek WO, Lataster J, Jacobs N. Resilience to affective disorders: a comparative validation of two resilience scales. J Affect Disord. 2014;168:262\u20138.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"Part 5","key":"1043_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db","volume":"106","author":"NI Gavin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(Part 5):1071\u201383.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1043_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.46.2.e","volume":"46","author":"AG Po\u00e7an","year":"2013","unstructured":"Po\u00e7an AG, Aki \u00d6E, Parlakg\u00fcm\u00fcs AH, Gereklioglu \u00c7, Dolgun AB. The incidence of and risk factors for postpartum depression at an urban maternity clinic in Turkey. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2013;46:179\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"1043_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268748","volume":"17","author":"T R\u00f8ysted-Sol\u00e5s","year":"2022","unstructured":"R\u00f8ysted-Sol\u00e5s T, Hinderaker SG, Ubesekara L, De Silva V. Mothers at risk of postpartum depression in Sri Lanka: a population-based study using a validated screening tool. PLoS ONE. 2022;17: e0268748.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1043_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1745505717708475","volume":"13","author":"BA Lewis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewis BA, Billing L, Schuver K, Gjerdingen D, Avery M, Marcus BH. The relationship between employment status and depression symptomatology among women at risk for postpartum depression. Womens Health (Lond). 2017;13:3\u20139.","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"key":"1043_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1892-7","volume":"18","author":"N Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson N, Wynter K, Fisher J, Bei B. Related but different: distinguishing postpartum depression and fatigue among women seeking help for unsettled infant behaviours. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:309.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1043_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2017.06.010","volume":"36","author":"HA Badr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Badr HA, Zauszniewski JA. Meta-analysis of the predictive factors of postpartum fatigue. Appl Nurs Res. 2017;36:122\u20137.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"1043_CR66","first-page":"485","volume":"12","author":"E Estiningtyas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Estiningtyas E, Cahyaningtyas AY, Sugiarsi S. The effect of family support and social support on the incidence of postpartum depression. Jurnal Ilkes (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan). 2021;12:485\u201395.","journal-title":"Jurnal Ilkes (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan)"},{"key":"1043_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.130","volume":"5","author":"H Iwata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iwata H, Mori E, Sakajo A, Aoki K, Maehara K, Tamakoshi K. Course of maternal fatigue and its associated factors during the first 6 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study. Nurs Open. 2018;5:186\u201396.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"key":"1043_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-21","volume":"10","author":"E Kurth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurth E, Spichiger E, Zemp Stutz E, Biedermann J, H\u00f6sli I, Kennedy HP. Crying babies, tired mothers - challenges of the postnatal hospital stay: an interpretive phenomenological study. BMC Pregn Childbirth. 2010;10:21.","journal-title":"BMC Pregn Childbirth"},{"key":"1043_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.08.013","volume":"77","author":"M Bakker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakker M, van der Beek AJ, Hendriksen IJM, Bruinvels DJ, van Poppel MNM. Predictive factors of postpartum fatigue: a prospective cohort study among working women. J Psychosom Res. 2014;77:385\u201390.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1043_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.7.847","volume":"32","author":"SK D\u00f8rheim","year":"2009","unstructured":"D\u00f8rheim SK, Bondevik GT, Eberhard-Gran M, Bjorvatn B. Sleep and depression in postpartum women: a population-based study. Sleep. 2009;32:847\u201355.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"1043_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2012.11.005","volume":"30","author":"Y-L Ko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko Y-L, Lee H-J. Randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of using back massage to improve sleep quality among Taiwanese insomnia postpartumwomen. Midwifery. 2014;30:60\u20134.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"1043_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12053","volume":"46","author":"S-H Ko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko S-H, Chen C-H, Wang H-H, Su Y-T. Postpartum women\u2019s sleep quality and its predictors in Taiwan. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2014;46:74\u201381.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"1043_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1591-z","volume":"19","author":"C Borra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borra C, Iacovou M, Sevilla A. New evidence on breastfeeding and postpartum depression: the importance of understanding women\u2019s intentions. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19:897\u2013907.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"1043_CR74","first-page":"2954","volume":"80","author":"M Altemus","year":"1995","unstructured":"Altemus M, Deuster PA, Galliven E, Carter CS, Gold PW. Suppression of hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:2954\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1043_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3109\/07435809409035858","volume":"20","author":"JA Amico","year":"1994","unstructured":"Amico JA, Johnston JM, Vagnucci AH. Suckling-induced attenuation of plasma cortisol concentrations in postpartum lactating women. Endocr Res. 1994;20:79\u201387.","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"1043_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2006.00083.x","volume":"35","author":"MW Groer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Groer MW, Davis MW. Cytokines, infections, stress, and dysphoric moods in breastfeeders and formula feeders. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006;35:599\u2013607.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"1043_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4798","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7919","volume":"86","author":"M Heinrichs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heinrichs M, Meinlschmidt G, Neumann I, Wagner S, Kirschbaum C, Ehlert U, et al. Effects of suckling on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to psychosocial stress in postpartum lactating women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4798\u2013804.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1043_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.03.006","volume":"31","author":"MT Tu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tu MT, Lupien SJ, Walker C-D. Diurnal salivary cortisol levels in postpartum mothers as a function of infant feeding choice and parity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006;31:812\u201324.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1043_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz032","volume":"12","author":"R Khadka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khadka R, Hong SA, Chang Y-S. Prevalence and determinants of poor sleep quality and depression among postpartum women: a community-based study in Ramechhap district. Nepal Int Health. 2020;12:125\u201331.","journal-title":"Nepal Int Health"},{"key":"1043_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S158621","volume":"10","author":"E Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali E. Women\u2019s experiences with postpartum anxiety disorders: a narrative literature review. IJWH. 2018;10:237\u201349.","journal-title":"IJWH"},{"key":"1043_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1590\/S0001-37652009000300016","volume":"81","author":"S Tufik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tufik S, Andersen ML, Bittencourt LRA, de Mello MT. Paradoxical sleep deprivation: neurochemical, hormonal and behavioral alterations. Evidence from 30 years of research. An Acad Bras Ci\u00eanc. 2009;81:521\u201338.","journal-title":"An Acad Bras Ci\u00eanc"},{"key":"1043_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0431-7","volume":"45","author":"CH Good","year":"2020","unstructured":"Good CH, Brager AJ, Capaldi VF, Mysliwiec V. Sleep in the United States Military. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;45:176\u201391.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"1043_CR83","first-page":"127","volume":"2","author":"S Jehan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jehan S, Myers AK, Zizi F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Jean-Louis G, Singh N, et al. Sleep health disparity: the putative role of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Sleep Med Disord. 2018;2:127\u201333.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2013.09.007","volume":"18","author":"F Ashrafinia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ashrafinia F, Mirmohammadali M, Rajabi H, Kazemnejad A, SadeghniiatHaghighi K, Amelvalizadeh M, et al. The effects of Pilates exercise on sleep quality in postpartum women. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014;18:190\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"1043_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2010.00481.x","volume":"9","author":"I Okajima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okajima I, Komada Y, Inoue Y. A meta-analysis on the treatment effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for primary insomnia. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2011;9:24\u201334.","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"1043_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.09.009","volume":"77","author":"C-L Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang C-L, Chen C-H. Effectiveness of aerobic gymnastic exercise on stress, fatigue, and sleep quality during postpartum: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;77:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"1043_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720944074","volume":"11","author":"CV Farewell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farewell CV, Jewell J, Walls J, Leiferman JA. A mixed-methods pilot study of perinatal risk and resilience during COVID-19. J Prim Care Commun Health. 2020;11:1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Prim Care Commun Health"},{"key":"1043_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103654","volume":"17","author":"M Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu M, Gong W, Taylor B, Cai Y, Xu D. Coping styles in pregnancy, their demographic and psychological influences, and their association with postpartum depression: a longitudinal study of women in China. IJERPH. 2020;17:3654.","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"1043_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(95)80593-1","volume":"8","author":"LC Pugh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pugh LC, Milligan RA. Patterns of fatigue during childbearing. Appl Nurs Res. 1995;8:140\u20133.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"1043_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/02646839408408872","volume":"12","author":"R Small","year":"1994","unstructured":"Small R, Brown S, Lumley J, Astbury J. Missing voices: What women say and do about depression after childbirth. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 1994;12:89\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"1043_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(92)90068-J","volume":"12","author":"VE Whiffen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whiffen VE. Is postpartum depression a distinct diagnosis? Clin Psychol Rev. 1992;12:485\u2013508.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1043_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.79.1.225","volume":"79","author":"NJ Caltabiano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Caltabiano NJ, Caltabiano ML. Relationship between exhaustion and postnatal depression. Psychol Rep. 1996;79:225\u20136.","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"1043_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0683-3","volume":"10","author":"JL Obeysekare","year":"2020","unstructured":"Obeysekare JL, Cohen ZL, Coles ME, Pearlstein TB, Monzon C, Flynn EE, et al. Delayed sleep timing and circadian rhythms in pregnancy and transdiagnostic symptoms associated with postpartum depression. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"1043_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2008.00298.x","volume":"37","author":"B Posmontier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Posmontier B. Sleep quality in women with and without postpartum depression. JOGNN. 2008;37:722\u201337.","journal-title":"JOGNN"},{"key":"1043_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-2-6","volume":"2","author":"K Kendall-Tackett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kendall-Tackett K. A new paradigm for depression in new mothers: the central role of inflammation and how breastfeeding and anti-inflammatory treatments protect maternal mental health. Int Breastfeed J. 2007;2:6.","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"1043_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8866","volume":"30","author":"PA Kinser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kinser PA, Jallo N, Amstadter AB, Thacker LR, Jones E, Moyer S, et al. Depression, anxiety, resilience, and coping: the experience of pregnant and new mothers during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Womens Health. 2021;30:654\u201364.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"1043_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0865-7","volume":"21","author":"C Martinez-Torteya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martinez-Torteya C, Katsonga-Phiri T, Rosenblum KL, Hamilton L, Muzik M. Postpartum depression and resilience predict parenting sense of competence in women with childhood maltreatment history. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018;21:777\u201384.","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"1043_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12553","volume":"48","author":"J Dol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dol J, Richardson B, Grant A, Aston M, McMillan D, Tomblin Murphy G, et al. Influence of parity and infant age on maternal self-efficacy, social support, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum depression in the first six months in the Maritime Provinces. Canada Birth. 2021;48:438\u201347.","journal-title":"Canada Birth"},{"key":"1043_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2005.00368.x","volume":"32","author":"C-L Dennis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dennis C-L, Ross L. Relationships among infant sleep patterns, maternal fatigue, and development of depressive symptomatology. Birth. 2005;32:187\u201393.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"1043_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000170","volume":"123","author":"E Molyneaux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Molyneaux E, Poston L, Ashurst-Williams S, Howard LM. Obesity and mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:857\u201367.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1043_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0075-1","volume":"10","author":"DY LaCoursiere","year":"2006","unstructured":"LaCoursiere DY, Baksh L, Bloebaum L, Varner MW. Maternal body mass index and self-reported postpartum depressive symptoms. Matern Child Health J. 2006;10:385\u201390.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"1043_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30482-5","volume":"36","author":"GM Muraca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muraca GM, Joseph KS. The association between maternal age and depression. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014;36:803\u201310.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"1043_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.145","volume":"264","author":"M Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui M, Kimura T, Ikehara S, Dong J-Y, Ueda K, Kawanishi Y, et al. Prenatal tobacco smoking is associated with postpartum depression in Japanese pregnant women: the Japan environment and children\u2019s study. J Affect Disord. 2020;264:76\u201381.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1043_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004047","volume":"3","author":"S R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2013","unstructured":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen S, Lehto SM, Nielsen HS, Gissler M, Kramer MR, Heinonen S. Fear of childbirth predicts postpartum depression: a population-based analysis of 511 422 singleton births in Finland. BMJ Open. 2013;3: e004047.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1043_CR105","first-page":"2514317","volume":"2016","author":"P Kettunen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kettunen P, Koistinen E, Hintikka J. The connections of pregnancy-, delivery-, and infant-related risk factors and negative life events on postpartum depression and their role in first and recurrent depression. Depress Res Treat. 2016;2016:2514317.","journal-title":"Depress Res Treat"},{"key":"1043_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000185733.30697.f6","volume":"43","author":"C Brown","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown C, Battista DR, Bruehlman R, Sereika SS, Thase ME, Dunbar-Jacob J. Beliefs about antidepressant medications in primary care patients: relationship to self-reported adherence. Med Care. 2005;43:1203\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1043_CR107","first-page":"375","volume":"51","author":"UT Kadam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kadam UT, Croft P, McLeod J, Hutchinson M. A qualitative study of patients\u2019 views on anxiety and depression. Br J Gen Pract. 2001;51:375\u201380.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"1043_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1211\/096176702776868415","volume":"10","author":"P Knudsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Knudsen P, Hansen EH, Traulsen JM. Perceptions of young women using SSRI antidepressants \u2014 a reclassification of stigma. IJPP. 2002;10:243\u201352.","journal-title":"IJPP"},{"key":"1043_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2003.12.001","volume":"26","author":"DJF van Schaik","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Schaik DJF, Klijn AFJ, van Hout HPJ, van Marwijk HWJ, Beekman ATF, de Haan M, et al. Patients\u2019 preferences in the treatment of depressive disorder in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26:184\u20139.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1043_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953050010010401","volume":"1","author":"M Maxwell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maxwell M. Women\u2019s and doctors\u2019 accounts of their experiences of depression in primary care: the influence of social and moral reasoning on patients\u2019 and doctors\u2019 decisions. Chronic Illn. 2005;1:61\u201371.","journal-title":"Chronic Illn"},{"key":"1043_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn056","volume":"25","author":"KM Turner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turner KM, Sharp D, Folkes L, Chew-Graham C. Women\u2019s views and experiences of antidepressants as a treatment for postnatal depression: a qualitative study. Fam Pract. 2008;25:450\u20135.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"1043_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61415-9","volume":"370","author":"S Moussavi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007;370:851\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 2","key":"1043_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.09.007","volume":"121","author":"RL Kravitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kravitz RL, Ford D. Introduction: chronic medical conditions and depression: the view from primary care. Am J Med. 2008;121(11 Suppl 2):S1-7.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1043_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.201","volume":"301","author":"KB Kozhimannil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kozhimannil KB, Pereira MA, Harlow BL. Association between diabetes and perinatal depression among low-income mothers. JAMA. 2009;301:842\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"1043_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14320","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14320","volume":"75","author":"C Ozdemir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ozdemir C, AkbasGunes N. The effect of diet and regular exercise on psychological resilience in obese or overweight women. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(8):e14320.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"1043_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12294","volume":"44","author":"R Poyatos-Le\u00f3n","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poyatos-Le\u00f3n R, Garc\u00eda-Hermoso A, Sanabria-Mart\u00ednez G, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno V. Effects of exercise-based interventions on postpartum depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Birth. 2017;44:200\u20138.","journal-title":"Birth"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01043-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01043-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01043-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T12:05:14Z","timestamp":1701691514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01043-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01043-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines proposed in the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences (FMRS), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (FMRS-EC2022-006). The study protocol, procedures, and participants\u2019 rights were explained at the beginning of the survey, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"10"}}