{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:36:43Z","timestamp":1782995803721,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRE_2021_1_0412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRE_2021_1_0412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that is often comorbid with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Due to the close association between these two conditions, and recognizing that Theory of Mind (ToM) is related to social behaviors in ASD, there is a growing interest in studying the reciprocity of social communication between these two groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The primary objective of this study was to compare how children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200945) with PWS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), ASD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), and a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) respond to emotion recognition of facial expressions and empathy, which are both concepts related to ToM. The study utilized two tools named FEEL and Deusto-e-Motion 1.0. We also evaluated the Working Memory index of the WISC-IV scale, the Social Perception domain of the NEPSY-II battery, and the SCQ in both clinical groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings suggest that individuals with PWS exhibit lower accuracy in recognizing facial expressions and empathy compared to the control group. Both clinical groups exhibited a delayed reaction time compared to the control group. Children with PWS display difficulties in recognizing emotions of disgust and surprise. In terms of cognitive empathy, children with PWS showed a greater inclination to respond to disgust as compared to children with ASD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study represents the initial stage in comprehending the emotional and empathetic abilities of children with PWS and ASD. The findings can provide valuable insights for developing future interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01590-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T18:02:33Z","timestamp":1708711353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative analysis of emotional facial expression recognition and empathy in children with prader-willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane","family":"Perosanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Espinosa-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6015-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irune","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6354-1187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al-Rashaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"L\u00f3pez-Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR1","first-page":"214","volume":"55","author":"C Reynoso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reynoso C, Rangel MJ, Melgar V. El Trastorno Del espectro autista: aspectos etiol\u00f3gicos, diagn\u00f3sticos y terap\u00e9uticos. Revista m\u00e9dica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social. 2017;55(2):214\u201322.","journal-title":"Revista m\u00e9dica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social"},{"key":"1590_CR2","unstructured":"Simmons KL. The oficial autism 101 manual. Skyhorse Publishing; 2018."},{"key":"1590_CR3","volume-title":"Key findings from the ADDM network","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Key findings from the ADDM network. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"1590_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6904a1","volume":"69","author":"MJ Maenner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Baio J, Washington A, Patrick M, DiRienzo M, et al. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years\u2014autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2016. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance Sumaries. 2020;69(4):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.ss6904a1.","journal-title":"Surveillance Sumaries"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw206","volume":"27","author":"R Kawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawa R, Saemundsen E, L\u00f3a J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir S, Hellendoorn A, Lemcke S, Canal-Bedia R, et al. European studies on prevalence and risk of autism spectrum disorders according to immigrant status\u2014a review. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(1):101\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw206.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"1590_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321100771","volume":"25","author":"P Morales Hidalgo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morales Hidalgo P, Voltas Moreso N, Canals Sans J. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors in the school population: EPINED study. Autism. 2021;25(7):1999\u20132011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361321100771.","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"1590_CR7","unstructured":"Asociaci\u00f3n Psiqui\u00e1trica Americana. Manual diagn\u00f3stico y estad\u00edstico de Los Trastornos mentales (DSM-5) (5\u00aa ed). M\u00e9dica Panamericana; 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"1590_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396315666190716120925","volume":"15","author":"MG Butler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butler MG, Miller JL, Forster JL. Prader-Willi syndrome-clinical genetics, diagnosis and treatment approaches: an update. Curr Pediatr Reviews. 2019;15(4):207\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573396315666190716120925.","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.0b013e31822bead0","volume":"14","author":"SB Cassidy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassidy SB, Schwartz S, Miller JL, Driscoll DJ. Prader-Willi syndrome. Genet Sci. 2012;14(1):10\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gim.0b013e31822bead0.","journal-title":"Genet Sci"},{"key":"1590_CR10","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ariztegui MA, Llano-Rivas I, Gener B. Algoritmo para El diagn\u00f3stico molecular Del SPW Y SA. Sospecha cl\u00ednica Del SPW Y SA. Servicio De Gen\u00e9tica. Hospital Universitario de Cruces; 2016."},{"key":"1590_CR11","unstructured":"Poyatos And\u00fajar D. Diagn\u00f3stico citogen\u00e9tico Y molecular de Los s\u00edndromes de prader-willi y Angelman. Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona; 2006."},{"key":"1590_CR12","unstructured":"Heyman M. Epidemiology and genetics of Prader Willi syndrome. UpToDate; 2017."},{"key":"1590_CR13","unstructured":"Gwena\u00eblle D, Maith\u00e9 T. Le syndrome de Prader-Willi. Encyclop\u00eadie Orphanet Grand Public; 2019."},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3266\/RevEspEndocrinolPediatr.pre2018.Oct485","volume":"9","author":"M Ramon-Krauel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramon-Krauel M. S\u00edndrome De Prader Willi Prader-Willi Syndrome. Revista Espa\u00f1ola Endocrin\u00f3loga Pedi\u00e1trica. 2018;9(3):31\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3266\/RevEspEndocrinolPediatr.pre2018.Oct485.","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola Endocrin\u00f3loga Pedi\u00e1trica"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.92","volume":"20","author":"AM Manzardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manzardo AM, Loker J, Heinemann J, Loker C, Butler MG. Survival trends from the prader\u2013Willi syndrome association (USA) 40-year mortality survey. Genet Sci. 2018;20(1):24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gim.2017.92.","journal-title":"Genet Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1590_CR16","first-page":"265","volume":"2","author":"ST Sebasti\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sebasti\u00e1n ST, Monta\u00f1\u00e9s PM, Esp\u00ednola R\u00c1P, Bonet J, Montero AG, Hernando EA. El s\u00edndrome De Prader-Willi. Revista Sanitaria De Investigaci\u00f3n. 2021;2(12):265. https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=8277617.","journal-title":"Revista Sanitaria De Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"issue":"9","key":"1590_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2019.03.004","volume":"66","author":"M Guinovart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guinovart M, Coronas R, Caix\u00e0s A. Alteraciones psicopatol\u00f3gicas en El s\u00edndrome De Prader-Willi. Endocrinolog\u00eda Diabetes Y Nutrici\u00f3n. 2019;66(9):579\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.endinu.2019.03.004.","journal-title":"Endocrinolog\u00eda Diabetes Y Nutrici\u00f3n"},{"issue":"5","key":"1590_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurenf.2012.05.453","volume":"60","author":"O Bonnot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonnot O, Thuilleaux D. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in Prader-Willi syndrome. Neuropsychiatrie De L\u2019enfance et de l\u2019adolescence. 2012;60(5):108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurenf.2012.05.453.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatrie De L\u2019enfance et de l\u2019adolescence"},{"issue":"11","key":"1590_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04152-4","volume":"49","author":"A Dimitropoulos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dimitropoulos A, Zyga O, Russ SW. Early social cognitive ability in preschoolers with prader\u2013Willi syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019;49(11):4441\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04152-4.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"1590_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.024","volume":"34","author":"ST Lo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lo ST, Siemensma E, Collin P, Hokken-Koelega A. Impaired theory of mind and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children with prader\u2013Willi syndrome. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(9):2764\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.024.","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1590_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00076512","volume":"1","author":"D Premack","year":"1978","unstructured":"Premack D, Woodruff G. Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behav Brain Sci. 1978;1(4):515\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X00076512.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8","volume":"21","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U. Does the autistic child have a theory of mind? Cognition. 1985;21(1):37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"8","key":"1590_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.4408.2006295","volume":"44","author":"J Tirapu-Ust\u00e1rroz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tirapu-Ust\u00e1rroz J, P\u00e9rez-Sayes G, Erekatxo-Bilbao M, Pelegr\u00edn-Valero C. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la Teor\u00eda de la Mente? Revista De Neurolog\u00eda. 2007;44(8):479\u201389.","journal-title":"Revista De Neurolog\u00eda"},{"key":"1590_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.14697610.2004.00316.x","volume":"45","author":"C Herva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herva C, Phillips M, Annotation. Development of facial expression recognition from chilhood to adolescence: behavioural and neurological perspectives. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45:1098\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.14697610.2004.00316.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1590_CR25","unstructured":"Ekman P, Friesen WV. Unmasking the face: a guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues. Ishk; 2003."},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-119.2.133","volume":"119","author":"TA Williams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams TA, Porter MA, Langdon R. Social approach and emotion recognition in fragile X syndrome. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2014;119(2):133\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-119.2.133.","journal-title":"Am J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1590_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci13111112","volume":"13","author":"FM Boccaccio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boccaccio FM, Gubitosa S, Pirrone C. Exploring the interplay between facial expression recognition and emotional intelligence in adults: implications for novel learning methods. Educ Sci. 2023;13(11):1112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci13111112.","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41809-022-00102-2","volume":"6","author":"X Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang X, Rychlowska M, Lange J. Cross-cultural and inter-group research on emotion perception. J Cult Cogn Sci. 2022;6(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41809-022-00102-2.","journal-title":"J Cult Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1590_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2018.1509200","volume":"179","author":"M Guarnera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guarnera M, Magnano P, Pellerone M, Cascio MI, Squatrito V, Buccheri SL. Facial expressions and the ability to recognize emotions from the eyes or mouth: a comparison among old adults, young adults, and children. J Genet Psychol. 2018;179(5):297\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00221325.2018.1509200.","journal-title":"J Genet Psychol"},{"key":"1590_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-166X2013000200002","volume":"30","author":"JL Leime","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leime JL, Rique Neto J, Alves SM, Torro-Alves N. Recognition of facial expressions in children, young adults and elderly people. Estudos De Psicologia (Campinas). 2013;30:161\u20137.","journal-title":"Estudos De Psicologia (Campinas)"},{"key":"1590_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dykens EM, Roof E, Hunt-Hawkins H, Daniell C, Jurgensmeyer S. Profiles and trajectories of impaired social cognition in people with prader-Willi syndrome. PLoS ONE. 2010;14(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.phone.0223162.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.phone.0223162"},{"key":"1590_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-1333-9","volume":"15","author":"N Famelart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Famelart N, Diene G, \u00c7abal-Berthoumieu S, Glattard M, Molinas C, Guidetti M, et al. Equivocal expression of emotions in children with prader-Willi syndrome: what are the consequences for emotional abilities and social adjustment? Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020;15:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-020-1333-9.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1590_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x","volume":"33","author":"L Capps","year":"1992","unstructured":"Capps L, Yirmiya N, Sigman M. Understanding of simple and complex emotions in non-retarded children with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1992;33(7):1169\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1590_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x","volume":"31","author":"M Prior","year":"1990","unstructured":"Prior M, Dahlstrom B, Squires TL. Autistic children\u2019s knowledge of thinking and feeling states in other people. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1990;31(4):587\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00799.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1590_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-004-0409-8","volume":"13","author":"L Robel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Robel L, Ennouri K, Piana H, Vaivre-Douret L, Perier A, Flament MF, et al. Discrimination of face identities and expressions in children with autism: same or different? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;13:227\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-004-0409-8.","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2006.12.001","volume":"97","author":"K Durand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Durand K, Gallay M, Seigneuric A, Robichon F, Baudouin JY. The development of facial emotion recognition: the role of configural information. J Exp Child Psychol. 2007;97(1):14\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jecp.2006.12.001.","journal-title":"J Exp Child Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3389-5","volume":"48","author":"O Golan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Golan O, Gordon I, Fichman K, Keinan G. Specific patterns of emotion recognition from faces in children with ASD: results of a cross-modal matching paradigm. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017;48(3):844\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3389-5.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"1590_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9138-6","volume":"20","author":"MB Harms","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harms MB, Martin A, Wallace GL. Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychol Rev. 2010;20:290\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-010-9138-6.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"1590_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)00025-6","volume":"7","author":"HL Gallagher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gallagher HL, Frith CD. Functional imaging of theory of mind. Trends Cogn Sci. 2003;7:77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)00025-6.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1590_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(94)90092-2","volume":"32","author":"C Hughes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hughes C, Russell J, Robbins TW. Evidence for executive dysfunction in autism. Neuropsychologia. 1994;32(4):477\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-3932(94)90092-2.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.4.974.974","volume":"43","author":"E Pellicano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pellicano E. Links between theory of mind and executive function in young children with autism: clues to developmental primacy. Dev Psychol. 2007;43(1):974\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.43.4.974.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1590_CR42","unstructured":"Serrano Scott AM, Fandi\u00f1o Garc\u00eda EM. La cognici\u00f3n social Y La teor\u00eda De La Mente (TOM) en ni\u00f1os con espectro autista (TEA). Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3917\/psye.622.0395","volume":"62","author":"M Thevenet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thevenet M, Machabert R, Georgieff N. Toward an intersubjective conception of theories of mind in autism: results of a qualitative action research project. La Psychiatrie De Lenfant. 2019;62(2):395\u2013416.","journal-title":"La Psychiatrie De Lenfant"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.18233\/apm1no1pp13-221536","volume":"39","author":"MF P\u00e9rez-Pichardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Pichardo MF, Ruz-Sahrur A, Barrera-Morales K, Moo-Estrella J. Medidas directas e indirectas de las funciones ejecutivas en ni\u00f1os con trastorno de espectro autista. Acta pedi\u00e1trica De M\u00e9xico. 2018;39(1):13\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18233\/apm1no1pp13-221536.","journal-title":"Acta pedi\u00e1trica De M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"1590_CR45","unstructured":"Russell J. El Autismo como trastorno de la funci\u00f3n ejecutiva. M\u00e9dica Panamericana; 2000."},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.22379\/2422402237","volume":"31","author":"C Talero-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Talero-Guti\u00e9rrez C, Echeverr\u00eda Palacio CM, S\u00e1nchez Qui\u00f1ones P, Morales Rubio G, V\u00e9lez-van-Meerbeke A. Trastorno Del espectro autista y funci\u00f3n ejecutiva. Acta Neurol\u00f3gica Colombiana. 2015;31(3):246\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22379\/2422402237.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol\u00f3gica Colombiana"},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-120.3.215","volume":"120","author":"J Cheval\u00e8re","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheval\u00e8re J, Postal V, Jauregui J, Copet P, Laurier V, Thuilleaux D. Executive functions and Prader-Willi syndrome: global deficit linked with intellectual level and syndrome-specific associations. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2015;120(3):215\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1944-7558-120.3.215.","journal-title":"Am J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR48","first-page":"5","volume":"69","author":"MM Orzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orzi MM, Stegmann J. S\u00edndrome De Prader-Willi: La evaluaci\u00f3n Del lenguaje y su relaci\u00f3n con El CI verbal. Revista Fonoaudiol\u00f3gica. 2022;69(2):5\u201313.","journal-title":"Revista Fonoaudiol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000135","volume":"28","author":"LJ Rice","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rice LJ, Einfeld SL. Cognitive and behavioural aspects of prader\u2013Willi syndrome. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2015;28(2):102\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000135.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR50","first-page":"284","volume":"24","author":"I Fern\u00e1ndez-Pinto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pinto I, L\u00f3pez-P\u00e9rez B, M\u00e1rquez M. Empat\u00eda: medidas, teor\u00eda y aplicaciones en revisi\u00f3n. Anales De Psicolog\u00eda. 2008;24(2):284\u201398.","journal-title":"Anales De Psicolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715","volume":"42","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I. The \u2018\u2018Reading the mind in the eyes\u2019\u2019 test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42(2):241\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00715.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1590_CR52","first-page":"157","volume":"143","author":"J Decety","year":"2005","unstructured":"Decety J. Perspective taking as the royal avenue to empathy. Other minds: how humans bridge the divide between self and others. Guilfor Press. 2005;143:157.","journal-title":"Guilfor Press"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR53","first-page":"61","volume":"22","author":"FA Lecannelier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lecannelier FA. Los aportes de la teor\u00eda de la mente (ToM) a la psicopatolog\u00eda del desarrollo. Terapia psicol\u00f3gica. 2004;22(1):61\u20137.","journal-title":"Terapia psicol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"10","key":"1590_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01401","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1401","volume":"9","author":"M Abdel-Hamid","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdel-Hamid M, Niklewski F, He\u00dfmann P, Guberina N, Kownatka M, Kraemer M, et al. Impaired empathy but no theory of mind deficits in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav. 2019;9(10):e01401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.1401.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"1590_CR55","unstructured":"Eisenberg N, Strayer J. Empathy and its development. Cambridge University Press Archive; 1987."},{"key":"1590_CR56","unstructured":"Davis M. A social psychological approach. Westview; 1996."},{"key":"1590_CR57","unstructured":"Castilla Ortiz M. Empat\u00eda Y autismo: una revisi\u00f3n bibliogr\u00e1fica (Trabajo De Fin De Grado). Universidad de Ja\u00e9n; 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.6018\/rie.395421","volume":"38","author":"LMB Luna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luna LMB, Mart\u00ed-Vilar M, Sala FG. Revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica De intervenciones en prosocialidad y empat\u00eda en personas con TEA. Revista De Investigaci\u00f3n Educativa. 2020;38(2):359\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6018\/rie.395421.","journal-title":"Revista De Investigaci\u00f3n Educativa"},{"key":"1590_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3564-3","volume":"48","author":"CL Mul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mul CL, Stagg SD, Herbelin B, Aspell JE. The feeling of me feeling for you: interoception, alexithymia and empathy in autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018;48:2953\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3564-3.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.56S01.2012666","volume":"56","author":"VL Ruggieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruggieri VL. Empat\u00eda, cognici\u00f3n social y trastornos del espectro autista. Revista De Neurolog\u00eda. 2013;56(1):13\u201321.","journal-title":"Revista De Neurolog\u00eda"},{"key":"1590_CR61","unstructured":"Rutter M, Bailey A, Lord C. SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire. Western Psychological Services; 2003."},{"key":"1590_CR62","unstructured":"Oliva-Mac\u00edas M. Reconocimiento de expresi\u00f3n facial emocional en ni\u00f1os y adolescentes con Trastorno por D\u00e9ficit de Atenci\u00f3n e Hiperactividad mediante un instrumento de realidad virtual (Tesis doctoral). Universidad de Deusto; 2015."},{"key":"1590_CR63","unstructured":"Rutter M, Bailey A, Lord C. SCQ Cuestionario de Comunicaci\u00f3n Social. TEA; 2005."},{"key":"1590_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition. WISC-IV. Psychological Corporation; 2003.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15174-000"},{"key":"1590_CR65","unstructured":"Corral S, Arribas D, Santamar\u00eda P, Sueiro MJ, Pere\u00f1a J. Adaptaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola Escala De inteligencia de wechsler para ni\u00f1os-IV (WISC-IV). TEA; 2005."},{"key":"1590_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp S. NEPSY-Second Edition (NEPSY-II). Harcourt Assessment; 2007.","DOI":"10.1037\/t15125-000"},{"key":"1590_CR67","unstructured":"Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp S. NEPSY-II: Evaluaci\u00f3n Neuropsicol\u00f3gica Infantil. Pearson Educaci\u00f3n; 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR68","first-page":"297","volume":"23","author":"H Kessler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kessler H, Bayerl P, Deighton RM, Traue HC. Facially expressed emotion labeling (FEEL): PC-Gest\u00fctzter test zur emotionserkennung. Verhaltenstherapie Und Verhaltensmedizin. 2002;23(3):297\u2013306.","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie Und Verhaltensmedizin"},{"issue":"6","key":"1590_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054716682335","volume":"23","author":"E L\u00e1zaro","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00e1zaro E, Amayra I, L\u00f3pez-Paz JF, Mart\u00ednez O, P\u00e9rez M, Berrocoso S, et al. Instrument for assessing the ability to identify emotional facial expressions in healthy children and in children with ADHD: the FEEL test. J Atten Disord. 2019;23(6):563\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054716682335.","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"1590_CR70","unstructured":"Amayra I, L\u00f3pez-Paz JF, L\u00e1zaro-P\u00e9rez E. Deusto-e-Motion 1.0. Evaluaci\u00f3n de la capacidad de reconocer expresiones faciales y de la empat\u00eda (Programa De Realidad Virtual). Universidad de Deusto; 2015."},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12971","DOI":"10.2196\/12971","volume":"8","author":"E L\u00e1zaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00e1zaro E, Amayra I, L\u00f3pez-Paz JF, Mart\u00ednez O, P\u00e9rez \u00c1lvarez M, Berrocoso S, et al. Using a virtual serious game (Deusto-e-motion 1.0) to assess the theory of mind in primary school children: observational descriptive study. JMIR Serious Games. 2020;8(2):e12971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/12971.","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"issue":"5","key":"1590_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808","volume":"40","author":"CJ Ferguson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferguson CJ. An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers. Professional psychology. Res Pract. 2009;40(5):532\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015808.","journal-title":"Res Pract"},{"key":"1590_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenthal R. Meta-analytic procedures for social research. 2nd ed. Sage; 1991.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984997"},{"key":"1590_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005609629218","volume":"31","author":"B Gepner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gepner B, Deruelle C, Grynfeltt S. Motion and emotion: a novel approach to the study of face processing by young autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001;31:37\u201345.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x","volume":"31","author":"S Ozonoff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ozonoff S, Pennington BF, Rogers SJ. Are there emotion perception deficits in young autistic children? J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1990;31(3):343\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb01574.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1590_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200404000-00014","volume":"43","author":"J Piggot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Piggot J, Kwon H, Mobbs D, Blasey C, Lotspeich L, Menon V, et al. Emotional attribution in high-functioning individuals with autistic spectrum disorder: a functional imaging study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(4):473\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-200404000-00014.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1590_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0113-9","volume":"7","author":"S Fridenson-Hayo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fridenson-Hayo S, Berggren S, Lassalle A, Tal S, Pigat D, B\u00f6lte S, et al. Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings. Mol Autism. 2016;7(1):52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-016-0113-9.","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"1590_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022610.09668.4c","volume":"34","author":"C Deruelle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deruelle C, Rondan C, Gepner B, Tardif C. Spatial frequency and face processing in children with autism and Asperger syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord. 2004;34:199\u2013210.","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"13","key":"1590_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009110-00020","volume":"11","author":"MA Howard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Howard MA, Cowell PE, Boucher J, Broks P, Mayes A, Farrant A, et al. Convergent neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence of an amygdala hypothesis of autism. NeuroReport. 2020;11(13):2931\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-200009110-00020.","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"6","key":"1590_CR80","first-page":"569","volume":"67","author":"V Ruggieri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruggieri V, Arberas C. Trastornos Generalizados Del desarrollo: aspectos cl\u00ednicos y gen\u00e9ticos. Medicina. 2007;67(6):569\u201385.","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"2","key":"1590_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2010.11.005","volume":"5","author":"D Rosset","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosset D, Santos A, Da Fonseca D, Rondan C, Poinso F, Deruelle C. More than just another face in the crowd: evidence for an angry superiority effect in children with and without autism. Res Autism Spectr Disorders. 2011;5(2):949\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2010.11.005.","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disorders"},{"key":"1590_CR82","unstructured":"Mourelo \u00c1lvarez E, Ruiz Ortega M, Sandonis Ruiz LM, Sainz Lobato I. San Mill\u00e1n De Clasc\u00e1 I. Gu\u00eda De actuaci\u00f3n en El S\u00edndrome Prader-Willi. Gu\u00eda dirigida a personal sanitario para El Adecuado Conocimiento Y manejo de una enfermedad poco frecuente llamada S\u00edndrome Prader-Willi. Osakidetza; 2017."},{"key":"1590_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez MJC. Funciones ejecutivas c\u00e1lidas y su relaci\u00f3n con la teor\u00eda de la mente. Revista de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Escuela de Ciencias Psicol\u00f3gicas. 2021;(4):10\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57247\/riec.vi4.74.","DOI":"10.57247\/riec.vi4.74"},{"issue":"3","key":"1590_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2022.09.3.2","volume":"9","author":"AS G\u00f3mez-Tabares","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Tabares AS. Asociaci\u00f3n entre las funciones ejecutivas y la teor\u00eda de la mente en ni\u00f1os: evidencia emp\u00edrica e implicaciones te\u00f3ricas. Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Con Ni\u00f1os. y Adolescentes. 2022;9(3):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21134\/rpcna.2022.09.3.2.","journal-title":"y Adolescentes"},{"issue":"266","key":"1590_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00266","volume":"3","author":"M Losh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Losh M, Martin GE, Klusek J, Hogan-Brown AL, Sideris J. Social communication and theory of mind in boys with autism and fragile X syndrome. Front Psychol. 2012;3(266):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2012.00266.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01590-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01590-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01590-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T18:08:35Z","timestamp":1708711715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01590-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01590-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Deusto (Ref: ETK-16\/22\u201323) and was carried out in accordance with the ethical principles established by the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians of study participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they had no confict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"94"}}