{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:51:42Z","timestamp":1788328302728,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02058-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T23:36:14Z","timestamp":1728948974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Harm avoidance and incompleteness core motivations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: validation of the Farsi version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Trait Core Dimensions Questionnaire (F-OC-TCDQ) in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mahjoubeh","family":"Pourebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdireza","family":"Sarafraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Hadianfard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurallah","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2058_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19r13085","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19r13085","volume":"81","author":"EJ Fawcett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fawcett EJ, Power H, Fawcett JM. Women are at greater risk of OCD than men: a meta-analytic review of OCD prevalence worldwide. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020;81(4):19r13085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.19r13085.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR2","first-page":"87","volume":"6","author":"M Salehi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salehi M, Salarifar M, Hadian M. The frequency pattern of compulsive disorder - OCD. J New Cogn Sci. 2003;6(2):87\u201394.","journal-title":"J New Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"MR Mohammadi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohammadi MR, GHanizadeh A, Rahgozar M. Prevalence of OCD in Iran. BioMed Cent Psychiatry. 2004;4(2):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BioMed Cent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR4","first-page":"45","volume":"11","author":"Z Rezazadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rezazadeh Z, Zarani F. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and related cultural issues in Iran: a systematic review. Rooyesh. 2022;11(2):45\u201358.","journal-title":"Rooyesh"},{"issue":"3","key":"2058_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08071006","volume":"166","author":"MA Fullana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fullana MA, Mataix-Cols D, Caspi A, Harrington H, Grisham JR, Moffitt TE, et al. Obsessions and compulsions in the community: prevalence, interference, help-seeking, developmental stability, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166(3):329\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08071006.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.09.004","volume":"33","author":"A Abramovitch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abramovitch A, Abramowitz JS, Mittelman A. The neuropsychology of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(8):1163\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.09.004.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2058_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.12m07789","volume":"74","author":"SG Farris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farris SG, McLean CP, Van Meter PE, Simpson HB, Foa EB. Treatment response, symptom remission, and wellness in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(7):685\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.12m07789.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2058_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.04.003","volume":"24","author":"D McKay","year":"2004","unstructured":"McKay D, Abramowitz JS, Calamari JE, Kyrios M, Radomsky A, Sookman D, Wilhelm S. A critical evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes: symptoms versus mechanisms. Clin Psychol Rev. 2004;24(3):283\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.04.003.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2058_CR9","unstructured":"Cameron DH. Neuropsychological functioning, symptom dimensions and cognitive remediation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ph.D. Dissertation Faculty of Philosophy, McMaster University, Canada. 2018. \nhttp:\/\/hd1.handle.net\/11375\/24149."},{"key":"2058_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.09.006","volume":"42","author":"LJ Summerfeldt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Summerfeldt LJ, Kloosterman PH, Antony MM, Richter MA, Swinson RP. The relationship between miscellaneous symptoms and major symptom factors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42:1453\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2003.09.006.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2058_CR11","volume-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD","author":"DA Clark","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clark DA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD. New York: Guilford Press; 2004."},{"key":"2058_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.07.010","volume":"43","author":"Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group","year":"2005","unstructured":"Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. Psychometrics Validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions Inventory\u2014 Part 2: factor analysis and testing of a brief version. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43:1527\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2004.07.010.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.09.017","volume":"50","author":"A Polman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polman A, O\u2019Connor KP, Huisman M. Dysfunctional belief-based subgroups and inferential confusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Pers Individ Dif. 2011;50(2):153\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2010.09.017.","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"5","key":"2058_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01075-5","volume":"52","author":"M Schreck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schreck M, Georgiadis C, Garcia A, Benito K, Case B, Herren J, Walther M, Freeman J. Core motivations of Childhood Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: the role of harm avoidance and incompleteness. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2020;52(5):957\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01075-5.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"2058_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.12","volume":"45","author":"LB Bragdon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bragdon LB, Coles ME. Examining heterogeneity of obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for subgroups based on motivations. J Anxiety Dis. 2017;45:64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.12.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.01.003","volume":"3","author":"LJ Summerfeldt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Summerfeldt LJ, Kloosterman PH, Antony MM, Swinson RP. Examining an obsessive-compulsive core dimensions model: structural validity of harm avoidance and incompleteness. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Dis. 2014;3(2):83\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.01.003.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Dis"},{"key":"2058_CR17","unstructured":"Summerfeldt LJ, Kloosterman PH, Parker JDA, Antony MM, Swinson RP. Assessing and validating the obsessive-compulsive-related construct of incompleteness. Ste-Foy, Quebec: Poster presented at the 62nd Annual Convention of the Canadian Psychological Association; 2001. [Google Scholar]."},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1251972","volume":"61","author":"W Ecker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ecker W, G\u00f6nner S, Wilm K. Die messung von motivdimensionen der zwangsst\u00f6rung: unvollst\u00e4ndigkeitserleben und schadensvermeidung [The measurement of motivational dimensions of OCD: incompleteness and harm avoidance]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2011;61(2):62\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1251972.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"2058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2019.100442","volume":"22","author":"M Cervin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cervin M, Perrin S. Measuring harm avoidance, incompleteness, and disgust in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders. J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Dis. 2019;22:100442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2019.100442.","journal-title":"J Obsessive-Compulsive Relat Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2058_CR20","first-page":"117","volume":"6","author":"H Keshavarz Afshar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keshavarz Afshar H, Barabari A, Hosseinzadeh M. The validity and reliability of the Persian version of Padua inventory in nonclinical population of Iran. J Police Med. 2017;6(2):117\u201325.","journal-title":"J Police Med"},{"key":"2058_CR21","volume-title":"SCID-5-CV: structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders, Clinician Version","author":"MB First","year":"2015","unstructured":"First MB, Williams JBW, Karg RS, Spitzer RL. SCID-5-CV: structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders, clinician version. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2015."},{"issue":"24","key":"2058_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25(24):3186\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2058_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(98)00146-6","volume":"37","author":"KA Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson KA, Chambless DL. Inflated perceptions of responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behav Res Ther. 1999;37(4):325\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-7967(98)00146-6.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2058_CR24","first-page":"297","volume":"17","author":"S Rajezi Esfahani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rajezi Esfahani S, Motaghipour Y, Kamkari K, Zahiredin A, Janbozorgi M. Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2012;17(4):297\u2013303.","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2058_CR25","first-page":"23","volume":"6","author":"G Shams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shams G, Karam Ghadiri N, Esmaeli Torkanbori Y, Ebrahimkhani N. Validation and reliability assessment of the Persian version of obsessive beliefs questionnaire-44. Adv Cog Sci. 2004;6(1):23\u201336.","journal-title":"Adv Cog Sci"},{"key":"2058_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0022-006x.56.6.893.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.56.6.893"},{"key":"2058_CR27","first-page":"136","volume":"66","author":"H Kaviani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaviani H, Mousavi A. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI). Tehran Univ Med J. 2008;66:136\u201340.","journal-title":"Tehran Univ Med J"},{"key":"2058_CR28","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modelling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2016.","edition":"2"},{"key":"2058_CR29","volume-title":"EQS 6 structural equations Program Manual","author":"PM Bentler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bentler PM. EQS 6 structural equations Program Manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software; 2005."},{"issue":"1","key":"2058_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.857","volume":"3","author":"TL Milfont","year":"2010","unstructured":"Milfont TL, Fischer R. Testing measurement invariance across groups: applications in cross-cultural research. Int J Psychol Res. 2010;3(1):111\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21500\/20112084.857.","journal-title":"Int J Psychol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2058_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","volume":"14","author":"FF Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen FF. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indices to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model. 2007;14(3):464\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705510701301834.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"2058_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648755","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755","volume":"12","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wang T, Zeng P, Zhao M, Zhang G, Zhai S, Meng L, Wang Y, Liu D. Reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the general anxiety disorder scale among Chinese medical university students. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:648755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2058_CR33","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic; 1977."},{"key":"2058_CR34","volume-title":"Basic biostatistics: statistics for public health practice","author":"BB Gerstman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gerstman BB. Basic biostatistics: statistics for public health practice. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning; 2015.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"2058_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588","volume":"88","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bentler PM, Bonett DG. Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull. 1980;88(3):588\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.88.3.588.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2058_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.05.005","volume":"42","author":"NJ Sibrava","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sibrava NJ, Boisseau CL, Eisen JL, Mancebo MC, Rasmussen SA. An empirical investigation of incompleteness in a large clinical sample of obsessive compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Dis. 2016;42:45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.05.005.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Dis"},{"key":"2058_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpsy.2021.09.003","volume":"36","author":"F Apa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Apa F, Tumkaya S, Yucens B, Kashyap H. Are not just-right experiences traits and\/or state markers for obsessive-compulsive disorder? Eur J Psychiatry. 2022;36:51\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpsy.2021.09.003.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2058_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-019-10029-8","volume":"43","author":"C Sica","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sica C, Caudek C, Belloch A, Bottesi G, Ghisi M, Melli G, Garc\u00eda-Soriano G, Olatunji BO. Not just right experiences, disgust proneness and their associations to obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a stringent test with structural equation modelling analysis. Cog Ther Res. 2019;43(6):1086\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-019-10029-8.","journal-title":"Cog Ther Res"},{"key":"2058_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.12.008","volume":"114","author":"BM Mathes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathes BM, Kennedy GA, Wilver NL, Carlton CN, Cougle JR. A multi-method analysis of incompleteness in behavioral treatment of contamination-based OCD. Behav Res Ther. 2019;114:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2018.12.008.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2058_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-020-00076-5","volume":"13","author":"RP \u00d3lafsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00d3lafsson RP, Emmelkamp P, Olason DT, Kristjansson A. Disgust and contamination concerns: the mediating role of harm avoidance and incompleteness. Inter J Cog Ther. 2020;13(3):251\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41811-020-00076-5.","journal-title":"Inter J Cog Ther"},{"key":"2058_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019","volume":"69","author":"M Cervin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cervin M, Perrin S, Olsson E, Claesdotter-Knutsson E, Lindvall M. Incompleteness, harm avoidance, and disgust: a comparison of youth with OCD, anxiety disorders, and no psychiatric disorder. J Anxiety Dis. 2020;69:102175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2058_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.12.001","volume":"21","author":"W Ecker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ecker W, Kupfer J, Gonner S. Incompleteness as a link between obsessive-compulsive personality traits and specific symptom dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014;21(5):394\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.12.001.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2058_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2007.08.004","volume":"39","author":"AS Pietrefesa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pietrefesa AS, Coles ME. Moving beyond an exclusive focus on harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: considering the role of incompleteness. Behav Ther. 2008;39(3):224\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2007.08.004.","journal-title":"Behav Ther"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-02058-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-024-02058-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-024-02058-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T23:39:08Z","timestamp":1728949148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-024-02058-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-024-02058-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4347513\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article was derived from the first author\u2019s doctoral dissertation in Clinical Psychology from Shiraz University. All questionnaires and methodology for this study were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran (ethical code: IR.US.PSYEDU.REC.1402.013). Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"552"}}