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This study develops and empirically examines the Dual Pathways Mindfulness Model (DPMM), which posits that mindfulness is associated with mental health through sequential mechanisms involving self-compassion and rumination among university students.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey involving 1,409 Chinese university students was conducted. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized sequential mediation model. Indirect effects were examined using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mindfulness was positively associated with life satisfaction (Effect\u2009=\u20090.080, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and negatively associated with depression (Effect = \u22120.180, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Self-compassion significantly mediated both associations, linking mindfulness to higher life satisfaction (Indirect effect\u2009=\u20090.057, 95% CI [0.05, 0.07]) and lower depression (Indirect effect = -0.033, 95% CI [\u22120.04, \u22120.03]). Rumination also served as a significant mediator for life satisfaction (Indirect effect\u2009=\u20090.067, 95% CI [0.02, 0.04]) and depression (Indirect effect = \u22120.064, 95% CI [ \u22120.07, \u22120.05]). Furthermore, a sequential mediation pathway was identified: higher mindfulness was associated with greater self-compassion, which was linked to lower rumination, ultimately associated with increased life satisfaction (Indirect effect\u2009=\u20090.020, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03]) and decreased depressive symptoms (Indirect effect = -0.039, 95% CI [\u22120.05, \u22120.03]).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study proposes and validates the DPMM, a novel model explaining how mindfulness relates to mental health through interconnected self-regulatory processes. By identifying self-compassion and rumination as sequential mediators, the findings offer theoretical insights into the psychological mechanisms linking mindfulness to enhanced well-being. While the cross-sectional design precludes causal claims, the results provide a foundational framework to guide future longitudinal studies and inform mental health promotion strategies grounded in mechanism-based understanding.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-02895-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T17:51:21Z","timestamp":1748368281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dual pathways linking mindfulness to life satisfaction and depression: the mediating roles of self-compassion and rumination in Chinese university students"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xizheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2010.01049.x","volume":"80","author":"SP Antaramian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antaramian SP, Huebner ES, Hills KJ, Valois RF. 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