{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:42:59Z","timestamp":1787020979410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03136-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:35:42Z","timestamp":1752593742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Self-Care behaviors and their association with self-efficacy and health literacy among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in palestine: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fida","family":"Ayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malakeh. Z.","family":"Malak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Shehadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lubna","family":"Harazneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_373_23","volume":"12","author":"N Asghari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asghari N, Dashtebozorgi B, Rostami S, et al. Improving self-management and diabetes indicators in adolescents with type 1 diabetes through self-care education. J Family Med Prim Care. 2023;12(10):2322\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_373_23.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"3136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13562","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13562","volume":"16","author":"N Kandemir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kandemir N, Vuralli D, Ozon A, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: A 50-year, single-center experience. J Diabetes. 2024;16(5):e13562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.13562.","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"3136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00691-y","volume":"17","author":"C Reinauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reinauer C, Tittel SR, M\u00fcller-Stierlin A, et al. Outpatient screening for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents with type 1 diabetes - a cross-sectional survey. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health. 2023;17:142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-023-00691-y.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health"},{"key":"3136_CR4","unstructured":"Lucier J, Mathias PM. Type 1 Diabetes. 2024. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls."},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.008","volume":"18","author":"D Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee D, Lee H, Shin Y, Park G. Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the last five years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Nurs Res. 2024;18(1):51\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.008.","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res"},{"key":"3136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wass JAH, Arlt W, Semple RK. Oxford textbook of endocrinology and diabetes. Volume 1. Third; 2022.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198870197.001.0001"},{"key":"3136_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Diabetes. 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"3136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ITC33","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202203150","volume":"175","author":"FZ Syed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Syed FZ. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(3):ITC33\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/AITC202203150.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3136_CR9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Diabetes. 2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/diabetes"},{"key":"3136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.03.011","volume":"71","author":"NA Al-Shorman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Shorman NA, Atiyeh H, Kassab M, et al. Effects of an educational program on self-efficacy towards type 1 diabetes mellitus disease among parents and adolescents in Jordan. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023;71:66\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.03.011.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107838","volume":"35","author":"KR Harrington","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrington KR, Shapira A, Volkening LK, et al. Associations of diabetes self-management characteristics, HbA1c, and psychosocial outcomes with depressive symptoms in a contemporary sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complicat. 2021;35(3):107838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107838.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12889-022-13599-7\/FIGURES\/1","volume":"22","author":"M Taba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taba M, Allen TB, Caldwell PHY, et al. Adolescents\u2019 self-efficacy and digital health literacy: a cross-sectional mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12889-022-13599-7\/FIGURES\/1.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"3136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13428","volume":"23","author":"M de Wit","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Wit M, Gajewska KA, Goethals ER, McDarby V, Zhao X, Hapunda G, Delamater AM, DiMeglio LA. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: psychological care of children, adolescents and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1373\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pedi.13428.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"3136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.3390\/children11091085","volume":"11","author":"B Bombaci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bombaci B, Torre A, Longo A, et al. Psychological and clinical challenges in the management of type 1 diabetes during adolescence. Narrative Rev Child. 2024;11(9):1085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11091085.","journal-title":"Narrative Rev Child"},{"issue":"7","key":"3136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41409","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41409","volume":"15","author":"F Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad F, Joshi SH. Self-Care practices and their role in the control of diabetes. Narrative Rev Cureus. 2023;15(7):e41409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.41409.","journal-title":"Narrative Rev Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"3136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-018-1259-z","volume":"56","author":"R Caruso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caruso R, Rebora P, Dellafiore F, et al. Clinical and socio-demographic determinants of inadequate self-care in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: the leading role of self-care confidence. Acta Diabetol. 2019;56(2):151\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-018-1259-z.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"3136_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237796082513226","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608251322603","volume":"11","author":"A Salem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salem A, Masadeh A, Nofal B, et al. Self-Care management and its predictors among Jordanian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Cross-Sectional study. SAGE Open Nurs. 2025;11:23779608251322603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608251322603.","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04010-0","volume":"23","author":"P Ong-Artborirak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ong-Artborirak P, Seangpraw K, Boonyathee S, et al. Health literacy, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Thai communities. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-023-04010-0.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schunk DH, DiBenedetto MK. Self-efficacy and human motivation, 2021. In Elliot AJ, editor, Advances in motivation science, pp. 153\u201379. Elsevier Academic. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.adms.2020.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adms.2020.10.001"},{"key":"3136_CR20","unstructured":"Masadeh A, Othman E, Salem A et al. Assessing self-efficacy among Jordanians with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing. 2024; 28: (JDN326)."},{"key":"3136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"21- Lyngbye M, M\u00f8ller AK. Motivational factors for empowering people with diabetes and the influence of perceived Self-Efficacy. Designs Learn. 2023;15(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16993\/dfl.201.","DOI":"10.16993\/dfl.201"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhc.2020.252376","volume":"11","author":"F Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad F, Ramadan R, Mohamed N. Knowledge and self-efficacy among children with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers. Egypt J Health Care. 2020;11(1):1199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejhc.2020.252376.","journal-title":"Egypt J Health Care"},{"key":"3136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41412","DOI":"10.15253\/2175-6783.20192041412","volume":"20","author":"EMA Nass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nass EMA, Marcon SS, Teston EF, et al. Psychosocial self-efficacy in young people with diabetes mellitus and its influence on self-care. Revista Da Rede De Enfermagem Do Nordeste. 2019;20:e41412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15253\/2175-6783.20192041412.","journal-title":"Revista Da Rede De Enfermagem Do Nordeste"},{"issue":"6","key":"3136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106241279813","volume":"50","author":"HM Atiyeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Atiyeh HM, AlOsta MR, Othman EH, et al. An Evidence-Based measure to assess Self-Efficacy among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Jordan. Sci Diabetes Self-Management Care. 2024;50(6):532\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26350106241279813.","journal-title":"Sci Diabetes Self-Management Care"},{"key":"3136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.deman.2021.100033","volume":"4","author":"X Debussche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debussche X. Addressing health literacy responsiveness in diabetes. Diabetes Epidemiol Manage. 2021;4:100033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.deman.2021.100033.","journal-title":"Diabetes Epidemiol Manage"},{"key":"3136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinstock RS, Aleppo G, Bailey TS et al. The Role of Blood Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes Management. Arlington (VA): American Diabetes Association; 2020 Oct. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK566165\/","DOI":"10.2337\/db2020-31"},{"key":"3136_CR27","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Health literacy in the context of health, well-being and learning outcomes- the case of children and adolescents in schools: concept paper. 2021. Available at: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/344901\/WHO-EURO-2021-2846-42604-59268-eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"issue":"6","key":"3136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e072787","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072787","volume":"13","author":"M Sarhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarhan M, Fujiya R, Kiriya J, et al. Health literacy among adolescents and young adults in the Eastern mediterranean region: a scoping review. BMJ Open. 2023;13(6):e072787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-072787.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12239-w","volume":"21","author":"F Chu-Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chu-Ko F, Chong M-L, Chung C-J, et al. Exploring the factors related to adolescent health literacy, health-promoting lifestyle profile, and health status. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):2196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-12239-w.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-0519-6","volume":"12","author":"MB Gomes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gomes MB, Muniz LH, Melo LGN, et al. Health literacy and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: a tertiary care center study in Brazil. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-020-0519-6.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"19","key":"3136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5669","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195669","volume":"13","author":"S Azar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azar S, Maroun Abou Jaoude N, K\u0119dzia A, et al. Barriers to type 1 diabetes adherence in adolescents. J Clin Med. 2024;13(19):5669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13195669.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"3136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142025. Diabetes Care 2025; 48 (Supplement_1): S283\u2013S305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc25-S014","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S014"},{"key":"3136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"33- El-Osta A, Sasco ER, Barbanti E, et al. Tools for measuring individual self-care capability: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16194-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16194-6"},{"key":"3136_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2022.100505","volume":"17","author":"S Oluchina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oluchina S. The effectiveness of an education intervention based on self-care model on diabetes self-management behaviors and glycemic control. Int J Afr Nurs Sci. 2022;17:100505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijans.2022.100505.","journal-title":"Int J Afr Nurs Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3136_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-1-15","volume":"16","author":"\u015e Hatun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hatun \u015e, G\u00f6k\u00e7e T, Can E, et al. Current management of type 1 diabetes in children: Guideline-based expert opinions and recommendations. J Clin Res In Pediatr Endocrinol. 2024;16(3):245\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-1-15.","journal-title":"J Clin Res In Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3136_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1159\/000543266","volume":"97","author":"M de Bock","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Bock M, Agwu JC, Deabreu M, et al. International society for pediatric and adolescent diabetes clinical practice consensus guidelines 2024: glycemic targets. Hormone Res Paediatrics. 2024;97(6):546\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000543266.","journal-title":"Hormone Res Paediatrics"},{"key":"3136_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bandura A. Self-Efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University Press; 1995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511527692.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511527692"},{"key":"3136_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18022-x","volume":"24","author":"AM Parviniannasab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parviniannasab AM, Faramarzian Z, Hosseini SA, et al. The effect of social support, diabetes management self-efficacy, and diabetes distress on resilience among patients with type 2 diabetes: a moderated mediation analysis. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18022-x.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3136_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01476-x","volume":"57","author":"W Abdelghaffar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelghaffar W, Amiri H, Zouari B. Self-care activities adherence in Tunisian patients with type 2 diabetes: role of diabetes-related distress and self-efficacy. Acta Diabetol. 2020;57(5):631\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-020-01476-x.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"17","key":"3136_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9316","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179316","volume":"18","author":"PV Asharani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asharani PV, Lau JH, Roystonn K, et al. Health literacy and diabetes knowledge: A nationwide survey in a multi-ethnic population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):9316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18179316.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3136_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S350168","volume":"15","author":"Y Geneti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Geneti Y, Wondwossen K, Adimasu M, et al. Adherence to diabetes self-management and its associated factors among adolescents living with type 1 diabetes at public hospitals in addis ababa, ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obes. 2022;15:659\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DMSO.S350168.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"3136_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5114\/fmpcr.2021.105932","volume":"23","author":"D Sarpooshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarpooshi D, Mahdizadeh M, Jaferi A, et al. The relationship between social support and self-care behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus. Family Med Prim Care Rev. 2021;23(2):227\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/fmpcr.2021.105932.","journal-title":"Family Med Prim Care Rev"},{"key":"3136_CR43","unstructured":"World Diabetes Foundation. (n.d.). Palestine national diabetes programme, Palestine. 2024. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.worlddiabetesfoundation.org\/what-we-do\/projects\/wdf15-1304\/"},{"key":"3136_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.11260\/kenkokyoiku.27.29","volume":"27","author":"M Sarhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarhan M, Kitamura A, Fujiya R, Jimba M. Perceptions of adolescent health literacy in the Palestinian social context: a qualitative study. Japanese J Health Econ Policy. 2019;27:29\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11260\/kenkokyoiku.27.29.","journal-title":"Japanese J Health Econ Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"3136_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e061169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061169","volume":"12","author":"M Sarhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarhan M, Fujiya R, Shibanuma A, et al. Health literacy as a key to improving weight status among Palestinian adolescents living in chronic conflict conditions: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(9):e061169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061169.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3136_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2024.02.026","volume":"76","author":"L Harazneh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harazneh L, Malak MZ, Ayed A. Adolescents and type 1 diabetes: A grounded theory on adolescents\u2019 experiences of adaptation to type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;76:e159\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2024.02.026.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"3136_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alkaiyat A, Hilo L, Braik T, et al. Adherence to the management of type i diabetes among Palestinian patients in Nablus city: a cross-sectional study. Palestinian Med Pharm J. 2020;5(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59049\/2790-0231.1079.","DOI":"10.59049\/2790-0231.1079"},{"key":"3136_CR48","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Health Annual Report 2022. 2023; Palestine."},{"issue":"2","key":"3136_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx094","volume":"43","author":"J Allen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allen J, Noser AE, Littlefield AK, et al. Measuring self-efficacy in the context of pediatric diabetes management: psychometric properties of the self-efficacy for diabetes scale. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018;43(2):143\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx094.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"3136_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.002","volume":"88","author":"EH Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee EH, Lee YW, Lee KW, et al. A new comprehensive diabetes health literacy scale: development and psychometric evaluation. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;88:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.002.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"3136_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231291","volume":"15","author":"YG Tefera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tefera YG, Gebresillassie BM, Emiru YK, et al. Diabetic health literacy and its association with glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(4):e0231291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0231291.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3136_CR52","unstructured":"La Greca AM. Brief manual for the self care inventory.1992 Miami, FL: Author."},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326888chc2401_6","volume":"24","author":"AM La Greca","year":"1995","unstructured":"La Greca AM, Swales T, Klemp S, et al. Adolescents with diabetes: gender differences in psychosocial functioning and glycemic control. Children\u2019s Health Care. 1995;24(1):61\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15326888chc2401_6.","journal-title":"Children\u2019s Health Care"},{"key":"3136_CR54","unstructured":"Field A. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. 4th ed. Sage; 2013."},{"key":"3136_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.069","volume":"102","author":"GE Gignac","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gignac GE, Szodorai ET. Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers. Pers Indiv Differ. 2016;102:74\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.069.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"5","key":"3136_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2021.05.006","volume":"45","author":"F Alwadiy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alwadiy F, Mok E, Dasgupta K, et al. Association of self-efficacy, transition readiness and diabetes distress with glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes Preparing to transition to adult care. Can J Diabetes. 2021;45(5):490\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2021.05.006.","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"3136_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12471","volume":"18","author":"AE Noser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noser AE, Huffhines L, Clements MA, Patton SR. Diabetes conflict outstrips the positive impact of self-efficacy on youth adherence and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017;18(7):614\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pedi.12471.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"3136_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111390","volume":"209","author":"VR Hassanabad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassanabad VR, Begjani J, Hoseini ASS, Fard HS. Relationship between diabetes health literacy, self-efficacy and social anxiety of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024;209:111390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111390.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"3136_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.235","volume":"6","author":"A Survonen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Survonen A, Salanter\u00e4 S, N\u00e4nt\u00f6-Salonen K, et al. The psychosocial self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nurs Open. 2019;6(2):514\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.235.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16603-w","volume":"23","author":"AL Kleppang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kleppang AL, Steigen AM, Finbr\u00e5ten HS. Explaining variance in self-efficacy among adolescents: the association between mastery experiences, social support, and self-efficacy. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16603-w.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459316677624","volume":"22","author":"M Marie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marie M, Hannigan B, Jones A. Social ecology of resilience and Sumud of Palestinians. Health (London). 2018;22(1):20\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363459316677624.","journal-title":"Health (London)"},{"key":"3136_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101532","volume":"26","author":"VD Kayalkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kayalkar VD, Dmello MK. Health literacy among rural adolescents in amravati, maharashtra: A community based cross-sectional study. Clin Epidemiol Global Health. 2024;26:101532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101532.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539520980926","volume":"33","author":"S Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo S, Naccarella L, Yu X, et al. Health literacy and its mediating role in predicting health behaviors among Chinese secondary students. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2021;33(1):76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539520980926.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"3136_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103543","volume":"17","author":"L Paakkari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paakkari L, Torppa M, Mazur J, et al. A comparative study on adolescents\u2019 health literacy in europe: findings from the HBSC study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17103543.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3136_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riemann L, Lubasch JS, Heep A, Ansmann L. The role of health literacy in health behavior, health service use, health outcomes, and empowerment in pediatric patients with chronic disease: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(23). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph182312464.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312464"},{"issue":"6","key":"3136_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e034943","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2019-034943","volume":"10","author":"M Sarhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarhan M, Shannon H, Fujiya R, et al. Psychometric properties of an Arabic-language health literacy assessment scale for adolescents (HAS-A-AR) in Palestine. BMJ Open. 2020;10(6):e034943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2019-034943.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3136_CR67","unstructured":"United Nations. Right to health barriers to health and attacks on health care in the OPT, 2019 to 2021\u2013 WHO report 2023; United Nations."},{"key":"3136_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.11.021","volume":"74","author":"MM Sabbah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sabbah MM, Hjazeen AA, Arabiat D. Adherence to diabetes management among school-aged children and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes in Jordan. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;74:110\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.11.021.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"3136_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107270","volume":"131","author":"HK O\u2019Donnell","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell HK, Trojanowski PJ, Alonso GT, et al. A randomized controlled clinical trial to improve health outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes: study design and baseline characteristics. Contemp Clin Trials. 2023;131:107270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2023.107270.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"3136_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.21608\/ejnsr.2023.278219","volume":"3","author":"S Diab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diab S, Hussein A. Barriers and facilitators that affect self-care practices among children with type 1 diabetes. Int Egypt J Nurs Sci Res. 2023;3(2):669\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejnsr.2023.278219.","journal-title":"Int Egypt J Nurs Sci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3136_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2018.03.003","volume":"60","author":"A Yetim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yetim A, Alika\u015fifo\u011flu M, Ba\u015f F, et al. Glycemic control and health behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Turk J Pediatr. 2018;60(3):244\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24953\/turkjped.2018.03.003.","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3136_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13109","volume":"9","author":"P Calella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calella P, Vitucci D, Zanfardino A, et al. Lifestyle and physical fitness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obesity. Heliyon. 2023;9(1):e13109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13109.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3136_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01310-2","volume":"16","author":"V Allen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Allen V, Mahieu A, Kasireddy E, et al. Humanistic burden of pediatric type 1 diabetes on children and informal caregivers: systematic literature reviews. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024;16:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01310-2.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"3136_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2016.12.005","volume":"33","author":"K Elissa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elissa K, Bratt E-L, Axelsson \u00c5B, et al. Societal norms and conditions and their influence on daily life in children with type 1 diabetes in the West bank in Palestine. J Pediatr Nurs. 2017;33:16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2016.12.005.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3136_CR75","first-page":"18","volume":"24","author":"AR Balesbaneh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Balesbaneh AR, Mirhaghjou N, Kohmanaee S, et al. Correlation between self-care and self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2014;24(2):18\u201324.","journal-title":"J Holist Nurs Midwifery"},{"key":"3136_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvarado-Martel D, Ruiz Fern\u00e1ndez M\u00c1, Cuadrado Vigaray M, et al. Identification of psychological factors associated with adherence to Self-Care behaviors amongst patients with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2019;1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6271591.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6271591"},{"key":"3136_CR77","first-page":"Prentice","volume":"NJ","author":"A Bandura","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs. 1986;NJ:Prentice\u2013Hall.","journal-title":"Englewood Cliffs"},{"key":"3136_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babazadeh T, Lotfi Y, Ranjbaran S. Predictors of self-care behaviors and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Public Health. 2023;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1031655.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1031655"},{"issue":"11","key":"3136_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9111607","volume":"9","author":"P Paulsamy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paulsamy P, Ashraf R, Alshahrani SH, Periannan K, Qureshi AA, Venkatesan K, et al. Social support, self-care behaviour and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Healthcare. 2021;9(11):1607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9111607.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"3136_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2020.1819669","volume":"37","author":"A Rieder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rieder A, Eseryel UY, Lehrer C, et al. Why users comply with wearables: the role of contextual Self-Efficacy in behavioral change. Int J Human\u2013Computer Interact. 2020;37(3):281\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2020.1819669.","journal-title":"Int J Human\u2013Computer Interact"},{"key":"3136_CR81","unstructured":"Aseeri A, Health, Literacy. Social Support, And Diabetes Self Care Among Individuals of Arab Descent, 2020. Wayne State University Dissertations. 2464. https:\/\/digitalcommons.wayne.edu\/oa_dissertations\/2464"},{"issue":"10","key":"3136_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15689","volume":"79","author":"TJA Busebaia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Busebaia TJA, Thompson J, Fairbrother H, et al. The role of family in supporting adherence to diabetes self-care management practices: an umbrella review. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79(10):3652\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15689.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03136-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03136-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03136-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T15:35:47Z","timestamp":1752593747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03136-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03136-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki from the Helsinki Committee in Palestine, and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Arab American University with reference No# R-2024\/A\/10\/N. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents. Confidentiality of the data was maintained throughout data collection and analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial"}}],"article-number":"793"}}