{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:52:45Z","timestamp":1774486365701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03149-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T11:38:37Z","timestamp":1753184317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding the effect of the caring dimension of PYD on depression: the role of positive and negative affect regulation strategies in Spanish emerging adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Gomez-Baya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Gaspar de Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Wiium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12039","volume":"24","author":"GJ Geldhof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geldhof GJ, Bowers EP, Boyd MJ, Mueller MK, Napolitano CM, Schmid K, et al. Creation of short and very short measures of the five Cs of positive youth development. J Res Adolescence. 2014;24(1):163\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.12039","journal-title":"J Res Adolescence"},{"key":"3149_CR2","first-page":"894","volume-title":"Lerner RM. Theoretical models of human development. Volume 1 of handbook of child psychology","author":"PL Benson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benson PL, Scales PC, Hamilton SF, Sesma A. Positive youth development: theory, research, and applications. Lerner RM. Theoretical models of human development. Volume 1 of handbook of child psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2006;894\u2013941."},{"issue":"3","key":"3149_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.006","volume":"48","author":"M Kia-Keating","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kia-Keating M, Dowdy E, Morgan ML, Noam GG. Protecting and promoting: an integrative conceptual model for healthy development of adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2011;48(3):220\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.08.006","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"3149_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S179946","volume":"18","author":"DT Shek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shek DT, Dou D, Zhu X, Chai W. Positive youth development: current perspectives. Adol Health Med Ther. 2019;18(10):131\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/AHMT.S179946","journal-title":"Adol Health Med Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579410000441","volume":"22","author":"S Lewin-Bizan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewin-Bizan S, Bowers EP, Lerner RM. One good thing leads to another: cascades of positive youth development among American adolescents. Dev Psychopathol. 2010;22(4):759\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579410000441","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3149_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2021.1906676","volume":"26","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Santos T, Gaspar de Matos M. Developmental assets and positive youth development: an examination of gender differences in Spain. Appl Dev Sci. 2022;26(3):516\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10888691.2021.1906676","journal-title":"Appl Dev Sci"},{"key":"3149_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dimitrova R, Wiium N. Handbook of positive youth development: advancing the next generation of research, policy and practice in global contexts. Springer; 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-70262-5_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-70262-5_1"},{"key":"3149_CR8","volume-title":"White paper prepared for the workshop on the science of adolescent health and development","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lerner RM. Promoting positive youth development: theoretical and empirical bases. White paper prepared for the workshop on the science of adolescent health and development. Washington, DC: National Academies of Science.: National Research Council\/ Institute of Medicine; 2005."},{"key":"3149_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685316","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.685316","volume":"12","author":"D Fernandes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernandes D, Pivec T, Dost-G\u00f6zkan A, Uka F, Gaspar de Matos M, Wiium N. Global overview of youth development: comparison of the 5 Cs and developmental assets across six countries. Front Psychol. 2021;12:685316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.685316","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12609","volume":"31","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lerner RM, Lerner JV, Murry VM, Smith EP, Bowers EP, Geldhof GJ, Buckingham MH. Positive youth development in 2020: theory, research, programs, and the promotion of social justice. J Res Adolescence. 2021;31(4):1114\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.12609","journal-title":"J Res Adolescence"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12875","volume":"88","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lerner RM, Commentary. Studying and testing the positive youth development model: A Tale of two approaches. Child Dev. 2017;88(4):1183\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12875","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"3149_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003089407-16","volume-title":"Individuals as producers of their own development","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lerner RM, Tirrell JM, Dowling EM, Geldhof GJ, Gestsd\u00f3ttir S, Lerner JV, et al. The end of the beginning: evidence and absences studying positive youth development in a global context. In: Lerner RM, editor. Individuals as producers of their own development. New York, NY: Routledge; 2021. pp. 226\u201351."},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431604272461","volume":"25","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lerner RM, Lerner JV, Almerigi J, Theokas C, Phelps E, Gestsdottir S, et al. Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth grade adolescents: findings from the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. J Early Adolescence. doi: 2005;25(1):17\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431604272461","journal-title":"J Early Adolescence"},{"issue":"7","key":"3149_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9530-9","volume":"39","author":"EP Bowers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowers EP, Li Y, Kiely MK, Brittian A, Lerner JV, Lerner RM. The five Cs model of positive youth development: A longitudinal analysis of confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance. J Youth Adolescence. 2010;39(7):720\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-010-9530-9","journal-title":"J Youth Adolescence"},{"key":"3149_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-70262-5_8","volume-title":"Handbook of positive youth development","author":"AC Dominguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dominguez AC, Wiium N, Jackman D, Ferrer-Wreder L. Healthy lifestyle behaviors and the 5Cs of positive youth development in Mexico. In: Dimitrova R, Wiium N, editors. Handbook of positive youth development. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2021. pp. 109\u201321."},{"key":"3149_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-70262-5_13","volume-title":"Handbook of positive youth development","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Gaspar de Matos M, Wiium N. Positive youth development and subjective happiness: examining the mediating role of gratitude and optimism in Spanish emerging adults. In: Dimitrova R, Wiium N, editors. Handbook of positive youth development. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2021. pp. 187\u2013202."},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/10888691.2019.1634569","volume":"25","author":"AS Milot Travers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milot Travers AS, Mahalik JR. Positive youth development as a protective factor for adolescents at risk for depression and alcohol use. Appl Dev Sci. 2021;25(4):322\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10888691.2019.1634569","journal-title":"Appl Dev Sci"},{"key":"3149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01863-x","volume":"12","author":"M Mar\u00edn-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Guti\u00e9rrez M, Caqueo-Ur\u00edzar A, Castillo-Francino J, Escobar-Soler C. The 5Cs of positive youth development: their impact on symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional distress in Chilean adolescents. BMC Psychol. 2024;12:372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-024-01863-x","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641876","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.641876","volume":"12","author":"NBY Abdul Kadir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdul Kadir NBY, Mohd RH. The 5Cs of positive youth development, purpose in life, hope, and well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia. Front Psychol. 2021;12:641876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.641876","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982856","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.982856","volume":"14","author":"A Kozina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kozina A, Wiium N. The development of the 5Cs of positive youth development in a school year: A 3-wave longitudinal study of Slovenian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol. 2023;14:982856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.982856","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641647","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.641647","volume":"12","author":"G Tom\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tom\u00e9 G, Gaspar de Matos M, Reis M, Gomez-Baya D, Coelhoso F, Wiium N. Positive youth development and wellbeing: gender differences. Front Psychol. 2021;12:641647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.641647","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9855-7","volume":"42","author":"GJ Geldhof","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geldhof GJ, Bowers EP, Lerner RM. Special section introduction: thriving in context: findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development. J Youth Adolescence. 2013;42(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-012-9855-7","journal-title":"J Youth Adolescence"},{"issue":"6","key":"3149_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0093-z","volume":"43","author":"GJ Geldhof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Geldhof GJ, Bowers EP, Mueller MK, Napolitano CM, Callina KS, Lerner RM. Longitudinal analysis of a very short measure of positive youth development. J Youth Adolescence. 2014;43(6):933\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-014-0093-z","journal-title":"J Youth Adolescence"},{"key":"3149_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-018-0938-y","volume":"48","author":"MR Dvorsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dvorsky MR, Kofler MJ, Burns GL, Luebbe AM, Garner AA, Jarrett MJ, et al. Factor structure and criterion validity of the five Cs model of positive youth development in a multi-university sample of college students. J Youth Adolescence. 2019;48:537\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-018-0938-y","journal-title":"J Youth Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"3149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025416645668","volume":"41","author":"I Holsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holsen I, Geldhof J, Larsen T, Aardal E. The five Cs of positive youth development in norway: assessment and associations with positive and negative outcomes. Int J Behav Dev. 2017;41(5):559\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165025416645668","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227253","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2023.2227253","volume":"28","author":"M Novak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Novak M, \u0160uti\u0107 L, Ga\u010dal H, Rovi\u0161 D, Mihi\u0107 J, Maglica T. Structural model of 5Cs of positive youth development in croatia: relations with mental distress and mental well-being. Int J Adolescence Youth. 2023;28(1):2227253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02673843.2023.2227253","journal-title":"Int J Adolescence Youth"},{"key":"3149_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668049","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.668049","volume":"12","author":"A Kozina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kozina A, Gomez-Baya D, Gaspar de Matos M, Tome G, Wiium N. The association between the 5Cs and anxiety\u2014insights from three countries: portugal, slovenia, and Spain. Front Psychol. 2021;12:668049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.668049","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689354","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.689354","volume":"12","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Babi\u0107 \u010cike\u0161 A, Hirnstein M, Kurtovi\u0107 A, Vrdoljak G, Wiium N. Positive youth development and depression: an examination of gender differences in Croatia and Spain. Front Psychol. 2022;12:689354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.689354","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13030280","volume":"13","author":"D Manrique-Millones","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manrique-Millones D, G\u00f3mez-Baya D, Wiium N. The importance of the 5Cs of positive youth development to depressive symptoms: A Cross-Sectional study with university students from Peru and Spain. Behav Sci. 2023;13(3):280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs13030280","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"3149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.11.008","volume":"71","author":"GJ Geldhof","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geldhof GJ, Larsen T, Urke H, Holsen I, Lewis H, Tyler CP. Indicators of positive youth development can be maladaptive: the example case of caring. J Adolescence. 2019;71:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.11.008","journal-title":"J Adolescence"},{"key":"3149_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2020.01.012","volume":"80","author":"MK Memmott-Elison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Memmott-Elison MK, Holmgren HG, Padilla-Walker LM, Hawkins AJ. Associations between prosocial behavior, externalizing behaviors, and internalizing symptoms during adolescence: A meta-analysis. J Adolescence. 2020;80:98\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2020.01.012","journal-title":"J Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"3149_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000365","volume":"227","author":"N Wiium","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wiium N, Ferrer-Wreder L, Chen BB, Dimitrova R. Gender and positive youth development. Z Psychol. 2019;227(2):134\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000365","journal-title":"Z Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01941","volume":"6","author":"RJ Conway","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conway RJ, Heary C, Hogan MJ. An evaluation of the measurement properties of the five Cs model of positive youth development. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01941","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3149_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12577","volume":"60","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Reis M, Gaspar de Matos M. Positive youth development, thriving and social engagement: an analysis of gender differences in Spanish youth. Scand J Psychol. 2019;60(6):559\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12577","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3149_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0786-1","volume":"47","author":"J Van der Graaff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van der Graaff J, Carlo G, Crocetti E, Koot HM, Branje S. Prosocial behavior in adolescence: gender differences in development and links with empathy. J Youth Adolescence. 2018;47(5):1086\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-017-0786-1","journal-title":"J Youth Adolescence"},{"issue":"6","key":"3149_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2011.26088","volume":"2","author":"L Rueckert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rueckert L, Branch B, Doan T. Are gender differences in empathy due to differences in emotional reactivity? Psychol. 2011;2(6):574\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/psych.2011.26088","journal-title":"Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843x.104.1.3","volume":"104","author":"D Watson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Watson D, Weber K, Assenheimer JS, Clark LA, Strauss ME, McCormick RA. Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. J Abnorm Psychol. 1995;104(1):3\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843x.104.1.3","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02525","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02525","volume":"9","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R. Trait emotional intelligence as a predictor of adaptive responses to positive and negative affect during adolescence. Front Psychol. 2018;9:02525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02525","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nolen-Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S. Rethinking rumination. Perspect Psychol Sci. 32008; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"3149_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","volume":"3","author":"W Treynor","year":"2003","unstructured":"Treynor W, Gonzalez R, Nolen-Hoeksema S. Rumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis. Cogn Ther Res. 2003;3(5):400\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1023910315561","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","volume":"100","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nolen-Hoeksema S. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991;100(4):569\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.03.019","volume":"55","author":"DP Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson DP, Whisman MA. Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. Pers Indiv Differ. 2013;55(4):367\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2013.03.019","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"7","key":"3149_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.07.001","volume":"29","author":"L Rood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rood L, Roelofs J, B\u00f6gels SM, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Schouten E. The influence of emotion-focused rumination and distraction on depressive symptoms in non-clinical youth: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29(7):607\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.07.001","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3149_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.003","volume":"33","author":"JR Carl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carl JR, Soskin DP, Kerns C, Barlow DH. Positive emotion regulation in emotional disorders: a theoretical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013;33(3):343\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.003","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"3149_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.08.004","volume":"51","author":"KE Gilbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gilbert KE, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Gruber J. Positive emotion dysregulation across mood disorders: how amplifying versus dampening predicts emotional reactivity and illness course. Behav Res Ther. 2013;51(11):736\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2013.08.004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3149_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0162-y","volume":"17","author":"M Davis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davis M, Suveg C. Focusing on the positive: a review of the role of child positive affect in developmental psychopathology. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2014;17(2):97\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-013-0162-y","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3149_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.031","volume":"89","author":"S Nelis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nelis S, Luyckx K, Feldman G, Bastin M, Raes F, Bijttebier P. Assessing response styles to positive affect: one or two dimensions of positive rumination in the responses to positive affect questionnaire? Pers Indiv Differ. 2016;89:40\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.031","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12450","volume":"59","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Gaspar T, Gomes P. Responses to positive affect, life satisfaction and self-esteem: a cross-lagged panel analysis during middle adolescence. Scand J Psychol. 2018;59(4):462\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sjop.12450","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3149_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024521920068","volume":"27","author":"LM Diamond","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diamond LM, Aspinwall LG. Emotion regulation across the life span: an integrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motiv Emot. 2003;27(2):125\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1024521920068","journal-title":"Motiv Emot"},{"issue":"3","key":"3149_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.218","volume":"56","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fredrickson BL. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am Psychol. 2001;56(3):218\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.218","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5502\/ijw.v1i1.18","volume":"1","author":"FB Bryant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bryant FB, Chadwick ED, Kluwe K. Understanding the processes that regulate positive emotional experience: unsolved problems and future directions for theory and research on savoring. Int J Wellbeing. 2011;1(1):107\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5502\/ijw.v1i1.18","journal-title":"Int J Wellbeing"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-006-9083-0","volume":"32","author":"GC Feldman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feldman GC, Joormann J, Johnson SL. Responses to positive affect: a self-report measure of rumination and dampening. Cogn Ther Res. 2008;32(4):507\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-006-9083-0","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3149_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2013.848374","volume":"9","author":"AL Gentzler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gentzler AL, Ramsey MA, Yi CY, Palmer CA, Morey JN. Young adolescents\u2019 emotional and regulatory responses to positive life events: investigating temperament, attachment, and event characteristics. J Posit Psychol. 2014;9(2):108\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17439760.2013.848374","journal-title":"J Posit Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2017.01.005","volume":"56","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Paino S, Gillham JE. A two-year longitudinal study of gender differences in responses to positive affect and depressive symptoms during middle adolescence. J Adolescence. 2017;56:11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2017.01.005","journal-title":"J Adolescence"},{"key":"3149_CR55","unstructured":"Spanish Youth Institute. Resumen ejecutivo del Informe de la Juventud en Espa\u00f1a 2020 [Executive summary of the Youth in Spain Report 2020]. 2021. https:\/\/www.injuve.es\/sites\/default\/files\/adjuntos\/2021\/03\/informe-juventud-en-espana-2020-resumen-ejecutivo.pdf. Accessed on 14th May 2024."},{"issue":"178","key":"3149_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.33776\/amc.v48i178.7346","volume":"48","author":"D Gomez-Baya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Mendoza R, Morales E, Pa\u00edno S, Salinas JA, Mart\u00edn C, et al. Protocolo de investigaci\u00f3n Del proyecto desarrollo positivo juvenil En estudiantes universitarios espa\u00f1oles. Anal modif Cond. 2022. 2022;48(178):15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33776\/amc.v48i178.7346","journal-title":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"3149_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;16(9):606\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3149_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3103_04","volume":"31","author":"DI Ziegert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ziegert DI, Kistner JA. Response styles theory: downward extension to children. J Clin Child Adolescence Psychol. 2002;31(3):325\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3103_04","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolescence Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.98.1.141-150","volume":"98","author":"N Extremera","year":"2006","unstructured":"Extremera N, Fern\u00e1ndez-Berrocal P. Validity and reliability of Spanish versions of the ruminative Scale-short form and the distraction response Scale-short form in a sample of Spanish high school and college students. Psychol Rep. 2006;98(1):141\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/PR0.98.1.141-150","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"3149_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with EQS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. 2nd Edition. New York, NY: Routledge; 2013.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203805534"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2010.528484","volume":"93","author":"RL Reniers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reniers RL, Corcoran R, Drake R, Shryane NM, Vollm BA. The QCAE: A questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy. J Pers Assess. 2011;93(1):84\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2010.528484","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"3149_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.482","volume":"10","author":"Z Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan Z, Zeng X, Su J, Zhang X. The dark side of empathy: Meta-analysis evidence of the relationship between empathy and depression. PsyCh J. 2021;10(5):794\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pchj.482","journal-title":"PsyCh J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-018-9684-4","volume":"42","author":"PA Powell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Powell PA. Individual differences in emotion regulation moderate the associations between empathy and affective distress. Motiv Emot. 2018;42(4):602\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-018-9684-4","journal-title":"Motiv Emot"},{"key":"3149_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027298","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1027298","volume":"13","author":"Q Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zhao X, Liu W, Liu Q. Empathy and depression among a Chinese sample: the moderating role of rumination and attentional shift. Front Psychol. 2022;13:1027298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1027298","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhp.2018.11.004","volume":"13","author":"HZ MacDonald","year":"2019","unstructured":"MacDonald HZ, Price JL. The role of emotion regulation in the relationship between empathy and internalizing symptoms in college students. Ment Health Prev. 2019;13:43\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mhp.2018.11.004","journal-title":"Ment Health Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2014.992382","volume":"150","author":"EC Tully","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tully EC, Ames AM, Garcia SE, Donohue MR. Quadratic associations between empathy and depression as moderated by emotion dysregulation. J Psychol. 2016;150(1):15\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223980.2014.992382","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"issue":"1449","key":"3149_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1512","volume":"359","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fredrickson BL. The broaden\u2013and\u2013build theory of positive emotions. Philos T Roy Soc B. 2004;359(1449):1367\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2004.1512","journal-title":"Philos T Roy Soc B"},{"key":"3149_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.07.027","volume":"94","author":"C Silke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silke C, Brady B, Boylan C, Dolan P. Factors influencing the development of empathy and pro-social behaviour among adolescents: A systematic review. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;94:421\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.07.027","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3149_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2011.30.9.937","volume":"30","author":"J Simonson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Simonson J, Mezulis A, Davis K. Socialized to ruminate? Gender role mediates the sex difference in rumination for interpersonal events. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2011;30(9):937\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/jscp.2011.30.9.937","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-008-9200-3","volume":"32","author":"CA Calmes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Calmes CA, Roberts JE. Rumination in interpersonal relationships: does co-rumination explain gender differences in emotional distress and relationship satisfaction among college students? Cogn Ther Res. 2008;32(4):577\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-008-9200-3","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3149_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2016.1197837","volume":"47","author":"RA Schwartz-Mette","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwartz-Mette RA, Smith RL. When does co-rumination facilitate depression contagion in adolescent friendships? Investigating intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. J Clin Child Adol Psychol. 2018;47(6):912\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2016.1197837","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adol Psychol"},{"key":"3149_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2021.101386","volume":"79","author":"D Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu D, Geldhof GJ, Buckingham M, Goncalves C, Yang PJ, Michaelson LE, et al. Today, I cared about how a classmate felt: fluctuations in empathy are linked to daily mood in adolescence. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2022;79:101386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appdev.2021.101386","journal-title":"J Appl Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.34068\/JYD.19.01.02","volume":"19","author":"M Gonzalez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonzalez M, Kokozos M, McKee K, Byrd C. Storytelling through a critical positive youth development framework: A mixed methods approach. J Youth Dev. 2024;19(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34068\/JYD.19.01.02","journal-title":"J Youth Dev"},{"key":"3149_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gomez-Baya D, Martin-Barrado AD, Grasmeijer AJ, Martin-Gomez C, Palacios-Galvez MS, Morales-Marente E. The Developmental Assets Model for Positive Youth Development and Social Contribution: A Qualitative Study of Spanish Undergraduates. New Dir Child Adoles. 2025; 2025(1): 8882255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/cad\/8882255","DOI":"10.1155\/cad\/8882255"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073911421376","volume":"4","author":"D Hollan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hollan D. Emerging issues in the cross-cultural study of empathy. Emot Rev. 2012;4(1):70\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1754073911421376","journal-title":"Emot Rev"},{"key":"3149_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-018-9485-7","volume":"48","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lerner RM, Chase PA. Enhancing theory and methodology in the international study of positive youth development: A commentary. Child Youth Care for. 2019;48:269\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10566-018-9485-7","journal-title":"Child Youth Care for"},{"key":"3149_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-014-9336-7","volume":"31","author":"C Di Novi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Novi C, Jacobs R, Migheli M. The quality of life of female informal caregivers: from Scandinavia to the mediterranean sea. Eur J Popul. 2015;31:309\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10680-014-9336-7","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"key":"3149_CR78","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Gender and Well-Being","author":"LG Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz LG, Modro\u00f1o PR, Dom\u00ednguez-Serrano M. Too much family and too much gender inequality: women\u2019s and men\u2019s total work in mediterranean countries. In: Addis E, de Villota P, Degrave F, Eriksen J, editors. Gender and Well-Being. New York, NY: Routledge; 2016. pp. 77\u2013104."},{"key":"3149_CR79","first-page":"609","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of happiness","author":"JE Gillham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gillham JE, Abenavoli RM, Brunwasser SM, Linkins M, Reivich KJ, Seligman MEP. Resilience education. In: David SA, Boniwell I, Ayers AC, editors. The Oxford handbook of happiness. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2014. pp. 609\u201330."},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.20431\/2455-5711.0401004","volume":"4","author":"M Gaspar de Matos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaspar de Matos M, Santos T, Reis M, G\u00f3mez-Baya D, Marques A. Positive youth development in portugal: a tool towards gender equity? ARC J Ped. 2018;4(1):25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20431\/2455-5711.0401004","journal-title":"ARC J Ped"},{"key":"3149_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1","volume-title":"Promoting positive youth development: lessons from the 4-H study","author":"EP Bowers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowers EP, Geldhof GJ, Johnson SK, Hilliard LJ, Hershberg RM, Lerner JV, Lerner RM. Promoting positive youth development: lessons from the 4-H study. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716203260102","volume":"591","author":"RF Catalano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Catalano RF, Berglund ML, Ryan JA, Lonczak HS, Hawkins JD. Positive youth development in the united states: research findings on evaluations of positive youth development programs. Ann Am Acad Polit SS. 2004;591(1):98\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002716203260102","journal-title":"Ann Am Acad Polit SS"},{"key":"3149_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-14728-9_18","volume-title":"Handbook of resilience in children","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lerner RM, Chase PA, Dowling EM, Tirrell JM, Buckingham MH, Yu D, et al. Resilience and positive youth development: a dynamic, relational developmental systems-based perspective. In: Goldstein S, Brooks RB, editors. Handbook of resilience in children. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp. 337\u201349."},{"key":"3149_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214141","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1214141","volume":"11","author":"N Wiium","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wiium N, Kristensen SM, \u00c5rdal E, B\u00f8e T, Gaspar de Matos M, Karhina K, et al. Civic engagement and mental health trajectories in Norwegian youth. Front Pub Health. 2023;11:1214141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1214141","journal-title":"Front Pub Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.34068\/JYD.19.01.03","volume":"9","author":"S Hay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hay S, Tirrell JM, Lerner J, Dowling E, Sim AT, King PE, et al. We are protected: examining youth perceptions of safety within a faith-based positive youth development program in El Salvador. J Youth Dev. 2024;9(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34068\/JYD.19.01.03","journal-title":"J Youth Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3149_CR86","first-page":"3","volume":"16","author":"DT Shek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shek DT, Ngai G. Building high school teachers\u2019 capacity to use service-learning to nurture meaningful social engagement in young people in Hong Kong. Int J Child Health Hum Dev. 2023;16(1):3\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Child Health Hum Dev"},{"key":"3149_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.04.008","volume":"53","author":"S Chung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chung S, McBride AM. Social and emotional learning in middle school curricula: A service learning model based on positive youth development. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2015;53:192\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.04.008","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3149_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12864","volume":"88","author":"RD Taylor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor RD, Oberle E, Durlak JA, Weissberg RP. Promoting positive youth development through school-based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta\u2010analysis of follow\u2010up effects. Child Dev. 2017;88(4):1156\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12864","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3149_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22320","volume":"48","author":"C Branquinho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Branquinho C, Tom\u00e9 G, Grothausen T, Gaspar de Matos M. Community-based youth participatory action research studies with a focus on youth health and well\u2010being: A systematic review. J Community Psychol. 2020;48(5):1301\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.22320","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3149_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901511010021","volume":"11","author":"F Sancassiani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sancassiani F, Pintus E, Holte A, Paulus P, Moro MF, Cossu G, et al. Enhancing the emotional and social skills of the youth to promote their wellbeing and positive development: a systematic review of universal school-based randomized controlled trials. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2015;11(2):21\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1745017901511010021","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03149-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03149-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03149-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T02:23:37Z","timestamp":1763432617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03149-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03149-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Funding sections has been updated.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the bioethics committee of the University of Huelva, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, on 10 January 2019. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"814"}}