{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T05:13:31Z","timestamp":1784092411012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology of Palacky University Olomouc","award":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"]}]},{"name":"Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology of Palacky University Olomouc","award":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"]}]},{"name":"Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology of Palacky University Olomouc","award":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"]}]},{"name":"Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology of Palacky University Olomouc","award":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGA_CMTF_2023_001"]}]},{"name":"ERDF\/ESF project TECHSCALE","award":["No. CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. CZ.02.01.01\/00\/22_008\/0004587"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Education, the University of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9","award":["2110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03371-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T08:00:36Z","timestamp":1761206436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impulsivity, psychopathy, and the dark triad: a Czech validation of the dirty dozen scale"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kristyna","family":"Zivna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radka","family":"Zidkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Helvich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Malinakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.06.018","volume":"134","author":"BM Dini\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dini\u0107 BM, Petrovi\u0107 B, Jonason PK. Serbian adaptations of the dark triad dirty dozen (DTDD) and short dark triad (SD3). Pers Indiv Differ. 2018;134:321\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2018.06.018.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2022.2052303","volume":"105","author":"Y Dragostinov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dragostinov Y, M\u00f5ttus R. Test-Retest reliability and construct validity of the brief dark triad measurements. J Pers Assess. 2023;105:143\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2022.2052303.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-019-01129-6","volume":"29","author":"M Malesza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malesza M, Kaczmarek MC. Dark side of health-predicting health behaviors and diseases with the dark triad traits. J Public Health (Berl). 2021;29:275\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10389-019-01129-6.","journal-title":"J Public Health (Berl)"},{"key":"3371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12018","volume":"7","author":"A Furnham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Furnham A, Richards SC, Paulhus DL. The dark triad of personality: A 10 year review. Soc Pers Psychol Compass. 2013;7:199\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12018.","journal-title":"Soc Pers Psychol Compass"},{"key":"3371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1893","volume":"27","author":"DN Jones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones DN, Figueredo AJ. The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the dark triad. Eur J Pers. 2013;27:521\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.1893.","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"key":"3371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.028","volume":"88","author":"CM Kowalski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kowalski CM, Vernon PA, Schermer JA. The general factor of personality: the relationship between the big one and the dark triad. Pers Indiv Differ. 2016;88:256\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.028.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.2538","volume":"39","author":"BM Sharpe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharpe BM, Collison KL, Lynam DR, Miller JD. Does machiavellianism meaningfully differ from psychopathy? It depends. Behav Sci Law. 2021;39:663\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.2538.","journal-title":"Behav Sci Law"},{"key":"3371_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12251","volume":"85","author":"JD Miller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miller JD, Hyatt CS, Maples-Keller JL, Carter NT, Lynam DR. Psychopathy and machiavellianism: A distinction without a difference? J Pers. 2017;85:439\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.12251.","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"3371_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000111","volume":"125","author":"M Moshagen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moshagen M, Hilbig BE, Zettler I. The dark core of personality. Psychol Rev. 2018;125:656\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rev0000111.","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814627-9.00017-7","volume-title":"The handbook of antagonism: conceptualizations, assessment, consequences, and treatment of the low end of agreeableness","author":"CE Vize","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vize CE, Miller JD, Lynam DR. Antagonism in the dark triad. The handbook of antagonism: conceptualizations, assessment, consequences, and treatment of the low end of agreeableness. San Diego, CA, US: Elsevier Academic; 2019. pp. 253\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-814627-9.00017-7."},{"key":"3371_CR11","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Handbook of individual differences in social behavior","author":"DN Jones","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Machiavellianism. In: Leary MR, Hoyle RH, editor. Handbook of individual differences in social behavior. New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press; 2009. pp. 93\u2013108."},{"key":"3371_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616666070","volume":"12","author":"P Muris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muris P, Merckelbach H, Otgaar H, Meijer E. The malevolent side of human nature: A Meta-Analysis and critical review of the literature on the dark triad (Narcissism, machiavellianism, and Psychopathy). Perspect Psychol Sci. 2017;12:183\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691616666070.","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"3371_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.1.1.6","volume":"1","author":"TJ Harpur","year":"1989","unstructured":"Harpur TJ, Hare RD, Hakstian AR. Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: construct validity and assessment implications. Psychol Assessment: J Consulting Clin Psychol. 1989;1:6\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.1.1.6.","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment: J Consulting Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025282","volume":"4","author":"DK Marcus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marcus DK, Fulton JJ, Edens JF. The two-factor model of psychopathic personality: evidence from the psychopathic personality inventory. Personal Disord. 2013;4:67\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025282.","journal-title":"Personal Disord"},{"key":"3371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hare RD, Neumann CS. Psychopathy as a Clinical and Empirical Construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2008;4 Volume 4, 2008:217\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452"},{"key":"3371_CR16","unstructured":"Hare RD. Psychopathy: theory and research. Wiley; 1970."},{"key":"3371_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.02.003","volume":"16","author":"NG Poythress","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poythress NG, Hall JR. Psychopathy and impulsivity reconsidered. Aggress Violent Beh. 2011;16:120\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2011.02.003.","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Beh"},{"key":"3371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.2.171","volume":"13","author":"DJ Cooke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cooke DJ, Michie C. Refining the construct of psychopathy: towards a hierarchical model. Psychol Assess. 2001;13:171\u201388.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2012.760186","volume":"12","author":"S Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith S, Edens JF, McDermott BarbaraE. Fearless dominance and Self-Centered impulsivity interact to predict predatory aggression among forensic psychiatric inpatients. Int J Forensic Mental Health. 2013;12:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14999013.2012.760186.","journal-title":"Int J Forensic Mental Health"},{"key":"3371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(02)00505-6","volume":"36","author":"DL Paulhus","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paulhus DL, Williams KM. The dark triad of personality: narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy. J Res Pers. 2002;36:556\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-6566(02)00505-6.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"3371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.65030\/idr.11008","volume":"11","author":"PK Jonason","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonason PK, Kaufman SB, Webster GD, Geher G. What Lies beneath the dark triad dirty dozen: varied relations with the big five. Individual Differences Res. 2013;11:81\u201390.","journal-title":"Individual Differences Res"},{"key":"3371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00518-0","volume":"40","author":"CM Kowalski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kowalski CM, Vernon PA, Schermer JA. The dark triad and facets of personality. Curr Psychol. 2021;40:5547\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-019-00518-0.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.65030\/idr.12013","volume":"12","author":"R Stead","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stead R, Fekken GC. Agreeableness at the core of the dark triad of personality. Individual Differences Res. 2014;12:131\u201341.","journal-title":"Individual Differences Res"},{"key":"3371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.07.006","volume":"40","author":"S Jakobwitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jakobwitz S, Egan V. The dark triad and normal personality traits. Pers Indiv Differ. 2006;40:331\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2005.07.006.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Furnham A, Treglown L. The dark side of High-Fliers: the dark triad, High-Flier traits, engagement, and subjective success. Front Psychol. 2021;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.647676.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.647676"},{"key":"3371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113514105","volume":"21","author":"DN Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones DN, Paulhus DL. Introducing the short dark triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment. 2014;21:28\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191113514105.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"3371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019265","volume":"22","author":"PK Jonason","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jonason PK, Webster GD. The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad. Psychol Assess. 2010;22:420\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0019265.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035084","volume":"26","author":"JL Maples","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maples JL, Lamkin J, Miller JD. A test of two brief measures of the dark triad: the dirty dozen and short dark triad. Psychol Assess. 2014;26:326\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035084.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028583","volume":"24","author":"JD Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller JD, Few LR, Seibert LA, Watts A, Zeichner A, Lynam DR. An examination of the dirty dozen measure of psychopathy: A cautionary Tale about the costs of brief measures. Psychol Assess. 2012;24:1048\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028583.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.11.059","volume":"91","author":"AM Hosker-Field","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hosker-Field AM, Molnar DS, Book AS. Psychopathy and risk taking: examining the role of risk perception. Pers Indiv Differ. 2016;91:123\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.11.059.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.006","volume":"169","author":"JW Luk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luk JW, Worley MJ, Winiger E, Trim RS, Hopfer CJ, Hewitt JK, et al. Risky driving and sexual behaviors as developmental outcomes of co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;169:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.006.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"3371_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003","volume":"32","author":"A Verdejo-Garc\u00eda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda A, Lawrence AJ, Clark L. Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews. 2008;32:777\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"3371_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12132","volume":"34","author":"AM Loree","year":"2015","unstructured":"Loree AM, Lundahl LH, Ledgerwood DM. Impulsivity as a predictor of treatment outcome in substance use disorders: review and synthesis. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015;34:119\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.12132.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"3371_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.04.014","volume":"31","author":"S James","year":"2009","unstructured":"James S, Montgomery SB, Leslie LK, Zhang J. Sexual risk behaviors among youth in the child welfare system. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2009;31:990\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2009.04.014.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"3371_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140426","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Luo T, Tucker JD, Wong WCW. Risk factors of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in china: A systematic review of reviews. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0140426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140426.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3371_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.07.029","volume":"54","author":"LC Crysel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crysel LC, Crosier BS, Webster GD. The dark triad and risk behavior. Pers Indiv Differ. 2013;54:35\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2012.07.029.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jauk E, Dieterich R. Addiction and the dark triad of personality. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00662.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00662"},{"key":"3371_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110255","volume":"168","author":"V Burt\u0103verde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burt\u0103verde V, Jonason PK, Ene C, Istrate M. On being dark and promiscuous: the dark triad traits, mate value, disgust, and sociosexuality. Pers Indiv Differ. 2021;168:110255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110255.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR39","volume-title":"The antisocial personalities","author":"DT Lykken","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lykken DT. The antisocial personalities. Hillsdale, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1995."},{"key":"3371_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000492","volume":"21","author":"CJ Patrick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patrick CJ, Fowles DC, Krueger RF. Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Dev Psychopathol. 2009;21:913\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579409000492.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"3371_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2014_28_162","volume":"29","author":"AL Glenn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glenn AL, Sellbom M. Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct. J Pers Disord. 2015;29:360\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/pedi_2014_28_162.","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"3371_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2017.1421120","volume":"40","author":"P Pechorro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pechorro P, Caramelo V, Oliveira JP, Nunes C, Curtis SR, Jones DN. The short dark triad (SD3): adaptation and psychometrics among at-risk male and female youths. Deviant Behav. 2019;40:273\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01639625.2017.1421120.","journal-title":"Deviant Behav"},{"key":"3371_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.11.018","volume":"67","author":"A Pailing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pailing A, Boon J, Egan V. Personality, the dark triad and violence. Pers Indiv Differ. 2014;67:81\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2013.11.018.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u017divn\u00e1 K, Novak L, Malinakova K, Tavel P. Dark personality traits and their structure. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/VK7TC","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/VK7TC"},{"key":"3371_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Czarna AZ, Jonason PK, Dufner M, Kossowska M. The dirty dozen scale: validation of a Polish version and extension of the Nomological net. Front Psychol. 2016;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00445.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00445"},{"key":"3371_CR46","unstructured":"Mejzl\u00edkov\u00e1 T, Preiss M, Mali\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1 J, Raisov\u00e1 M, Bolcekov\u00e1 E. \u010cesk\u00e1 validiza\u010dn\u0131\u0301 studie \u0161k\u00e1ly kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 temn\u00e1 trojice. Aplikovan\u00e1 psychologie. 2018."},{"key":"3371_CR47","unstructured":"The Big Five Trait taxonomy. History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. https:\/\/awspntest.apa.org\/record\/1999-04371-004. Accessed 22 Nov 2024."},{"key":"3371_CR48","unstructured":"H\u0159eb\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 M, Urb\u00e1nek T. NEO p\u011btifaktorov\u00fd osobnostn\u00ed invent\u00e1\u0159. 2001."},{"key":"3371_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press; 1965.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"3371_CR50","first-page":"481","volume":"38","author":"M Blatn\u00fd","year":"1994","unstructured":"Blatn\u00fd M, Oseck\u00e1 L, Blatn\u00fd M, Oseck\u00e1 L. Rosenbergova \u0160k\u00e1la sebehodnocen\u00ed: struktura Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Vztahu k Sob\u011b. \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 Psychologie. 1994;38:481\u20138.","journal-title":"\u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 Psychologie"},{"key":"3371_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802484381","volume":"91","author":"RN Spreng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spreng* RN, McKinnon* MC, Mar RA, Levine B. The Toronto empathy questionnaire: scale development and initial validation of a Factor-Analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. J Pers Assess. 2009;91:62\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223890802484381.","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5343","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105343","volume":"18","author":"L Novak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Novak L, Malinakova K, Mikoska P, van Dijk JP, Dechterenko F, Ptacek R, et al. Psychometric analysis of the Czech version of the Toronto empathy questionnaire. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:5343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18105343.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3371_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.04.012","volume":"83","author":"GL Carter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carter GL, Campbell AC, Muncer S, Carter KA. A Mokken analysis of the dark triad \u2018dirty dozen\u2019: sex and age differences in scale structures, and issues with individual items. Pers Indiv Differ. 2015;83:185\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.04.012.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9834-6","volume":"39","author":"R Rogoza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogoza R, Cieciuch J. Dark triad traits and their structure: an empirical approach. Curr Psychol. 2020;39:1287\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-018-9834-6.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810031002","volume":"3","author":"RJ Vandenberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vandenberg RJ, Lance CE. A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Res Methods. 2000;3:4\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109442810031002.","journal-title":"Organizational Res Methods"},{"key":"3371_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. Articles. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21427\/D7CF7R","DOI":"10.21427\/D7CF7R"},{"key":"3371_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014694","volume":"14","author":"DL Jackson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson DL, Gillaspy JA Jr, Purc-Stephenson R. Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: an overview and some recommendations. Psychol Methods. 2009;14:6\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014694.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"3371_CR58","first-page":"23","volume":"8","author":"K Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, M\u00fcller H. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive Goodness-of-Fit measures. Methods Psychol Res. 2003;8:23\u201374.","journal-title":"Methods Psychol Res"},{"key":"3371_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029315","volume":"17","author":"M Rhemtulla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rhemtulla M, Brosseau-Liard P\u00c9, Savalei V. When can categorical variables be treated as continuous? A comparison of robust continuous and categorical SEM Estimation methods under suboptimal conditions. Psychol Methods. 2012;17:354\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0029315.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"3371_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01547-z","volume":"53","author":"C-H Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li C-H. Statistical Estimation of structural equation models with a mixture of continuous and categorical observed variables. Behav Res. 2021;53:2191\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-021-01547-z.","journal-title":"Behav Res"},{"key":"3371_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0806-9","volume":"19","author":"M Fei\u00dft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fei\u00dft M, Hennigs A, Heil J, Moosbrugger H, Kelava A, Stolpner I, et al. Refining scores based on patient reported outcomes \u2013 statistical and medical perspectives. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2019;19:167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-019-0806-9.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"3371_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1959.tb00346.x","volume":"21","author":"EJ Williams","year":"1959","unstructured":"Williams EJ. The comparison of regression variables. J Royal Stat Soc Ser B (Methodological). 1959;21:396\u20139.","journal-title":"J Royal Stat Soc Ser B (Methodological)"},{"key":"3371_CR63","volume-title":"Tools for psychology research and psychometrics","author":"L Novak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Novak L, Psychtoolbox. Tools for psychology research and psychometrics. Olomouc, Czech Republic: Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc; 2022."},{"key":"3371_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosseel Y. Lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012;48:1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v048.i02.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"3371_CR65","unstructured":"Aust F, Barth M. papaja: Create APA manuscripts with R Markdown. 2020."},{"key":"3371_CR66","volume-title":"Procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research","author":"W Revelle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Revelle W, Psych. Procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University; 2020."},{"key":"3371_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.09.016","volume":"73","author":"A Book","year":"2015","unstructured":"Book A, Visser BA, Volk AA. Unpacking evil: claiming the core of the dark triad. Pers Indiv Differ. 2015;73:29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2014.09.016.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.02.010","volume":"55","author":"PK Jonason","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonason PK, Lu\u00e9vano VX. Walking the thin line between efficiency and accuracy: validity and structural properties of the dirty dozen. Pers Indiv Differ. 2013;55:76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2013.02.010.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.02.049","volume":"112","author":"MJW McLarnon","year":"2017","unstructured":"McLarnon MJW, Tarraf RC. The dark triad: specific or general sources of variance? A bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling approach. Pers Indiv Differ. 2017;112:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2017.02.049.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000623","volume":"31","author":"M Sellbom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sellbom M, Tellegen A. Factor analysis in psychological assessment research: common pitfalls and recommendations. Psychol Assess. 2019;31:1428\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000623.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"3371_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2017.1309262","volume":"52","author":"W Bonifay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonifay W, Cai L. On the complexity of item response theory models. Multivar Behav Res. 2017;52:465\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00273171.2017.1309262.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"3371_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.04.011","volume":"51","author":"DN Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones DN, Paulhus DL. The role of impulsivity in the dark triad of personality. Pers Indiv Differ. 2011;51:679\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2011.04.011.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.016","volume":"88","author":"M Malesza","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malesza M, Ostaszewski P. Dark side of impulsivity \u2014 Associations between the dark triad, self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity. Pers Indiv Differ. 2016;88:197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.09.016.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0283866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283866","volume":"18","author":"SJ West","year":"2023","unstructured":"West SJ, Psederska E, Bozgunov K, Nedelchev D, Vasilev G, Thomson ND, et al. Identifying distinct profiles of impulsivity for the four facets of psychopathy. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0283866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0283866.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3371_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2023.112103","volume":"206","author":"J Faucher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Faucher J, Savard C, Gamache D. Measurement invariance of the dark triad dirty dozen across nonclinical and clinical populations, genders, and age groups. Pers Indiv Differ. 2023;206:112103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2023.112103.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.5334\/pb.1106","volume":"61","author":"A De Buck","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Buck A, Pauwels LJR, Hardyns W, Ponnet K. Testing measurement invariance of the dark triad dirty dozen in a Belgian adult sample. Psychol Belg. 2021;61:377\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/pb.1106.","journal-title":"Psychol Belg"},{"key":"3371_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wood W, Eagly AH. Chapter two - Biosocial construction of sex differences and similarities in behavior. In: Olson JM, Zanna MP, editors. Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic; 2012. pp. 55\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394281-4.00002-7"},{"key":"3371_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-017-9641-5","volume":"38","author":"C Chiorri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiorri C, Garofalo C, Velotti P. Does the dark triad manifest similarly in men and women?? Measurement invariance of the dirty dozen across sex. Curr Psychol. 2019;38:659\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-017-9641-5.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.01.004","volume":"125","author":"PK Jonason","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jonason PK, Davis MD. A gender role view of the dark triad traits. Pers Indiv Differ. 2018;125:102\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2018.01.004.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22436","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03302-9","volume":"42","author":"YLL Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo YLL, Kovas Y, Wang L, Stalikas A, Kyriazos TA, Gianniou F-M, et al. Sex differences in the dark triad are sensitive to socioeconomic conditions: the adaptive value of narcissism in the UK, greece, and China. Curr Psychol. 2023;42:22436\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-022-03302-9.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.12.003","volume":"52","author":"MM McDonald","year":"2012","unstructured":"McDonald MM, Donnellan MB, Navarrete CD. A life history approach to Understanding the dark triad. Pers Indiv Differ. 2012;52:601\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2011.12.003.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/per.698","volume":"23","author":"PK Jonason","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jonason PK, Li NP, Webster GD, Schmitt DP. The dark triad: facilitating a short-term mating strategy in men. Eur J Pers. 2009;23:5\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.698.","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"key":"3371_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.06.044","volume":"119","author":"C Savard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savard C, Simard C, Jonason PK. Psychometric properties of the French-Canadian version of the dark triad dirty dozen. Pers Indiv Differ. 2017;119:122\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2017.06.044.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.09.007","volume":"44","author":"PA Vernon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vernon PA, Villani VC, Vickers LC, Harris JA. A behavioral genetic investigation of the dark triad and the big 5. Pers Indiv Differ. 2008;44:445\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2007.09.007.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2020.103986","volume":"87","author":"M Moshagen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moshagen M, Zettler I, Horsten LK, Hilbig BE. Agreeableness and the common core of dark traits are functionally different constructs. J Res Pers. 2020;87:103986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2020.103986.","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"3371_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0229625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229625","volume":"15","author":"I Pilch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pilch I. As cold as a fish? Relationships between the dark triad personality traits and affective experience during the day: A day reconstruction study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0229625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229625.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3371_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2017.05.019","volume":"117","author":"E \u00d6zsoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00d6zsoy E, Rauthmann JF, Jonason PK, Ard\u0131\u00e7 K. Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of dark triad dirty dozen (DTDD-T), short dark triad (SD3-T), and single item narcissism scale (SINS-T). Pers Indiv Differ. 2017;117:11\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2017.05.019.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00288-9","volume":"40","author":"P Pechorro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pechorro P, Jonason PK, Raposo V, Maroco J. Dirty dozen: A concise measure of dark triad traits among at-risk youths. Curr Psychol. 2021;40:3522\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-019-00288-9.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/ajsp.12191","volume":"20","author":"H Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang H, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Wang Z. Differential relations of grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism to emotion dysregulation: Self-esteem matters. Asian J Soc Psychol. 2017;20:232\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajsp.12191.","journal-title":"Asian J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heym N, Firth J, Kibowski F, Sumich A, Egan V, Bloxsom CAJ. Empathy at the heart of darkness: empathy deficits that bind the dark triad and those that mediate indirect relational aggression. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00095.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00095"},{"key":"3371_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.11.009","volume":"54","author":"PK Jonason","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonason PK, Lyons M, Bethell EJ, Ross R. Different routes to limited empathy in the sexes: examining the links between the dark triad and empathy. Pers Indiv Differ. 2013;54:572\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2012.11.009.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"3371_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00695","volume":"11","author":"JDM van Dongen","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Dongen JDM. The empathic brain of psychopaths: from social science to neuroscience in empathy. Front Psychol. 2020;11:695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00695.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3371_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3577","volume":"14","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blair RJR. The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013;14:786\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3577.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03371-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03371-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03371-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T08:00:40Z","timestamp":1761206440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03371-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03371-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Theology of Palack\u00fd University in Olomouc (No. 2020\/4). Informed consent was provided to all study participants, they were informed of their rights and agreed to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication does not apply to this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1170"}}