{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:13:39Z","timestamp":1782803619005,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR4-172757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR4-172757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03491-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:14:18Z","timestamp":1760361258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sensitivity to change of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale among Canadian dentists"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rachita","family":"Seth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreenath. A.","family":"Madathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter L.","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos R.","family":"Qui\u00f1onez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Glogauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul. J.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3491_CR1","volume-title":"WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020","author":"WH Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"Organization WH. WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. Switzerland: Geneva; 2020."},{"issue":"6","key":"3491_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2701","volume":"28","author":"PMG Emmelkamp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emmelkamp PMG. Psychological consequences of COVID-19. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2021;28(6):1315\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"3491_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/17579759211023671","volume":"29","author":"M G\u00e9n\u00e9reux","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00e9n\u00e9reux M, Roy M, David MD, Carignan M, Blouin-Genest G, Qadar SMZ, et al. Psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic in canada: main stressors and assets. Glob Health Promot. 2022;29(1):23\u201332.","journal-title":"Glob Health Promot"},{"issue":"7","key":"3491_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","volume":"7","author":"JP Rogers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogers JP, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak TA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611\u201327.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"3491_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30190-0","volume":"20","author":"JA Lewnard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewnard JA, Lo NC. Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(6):631\u20133.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3491_CR6","first-page":"537","volume":"7","author":"C Buizza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buizza C, Bazzoli L, Ghilardi A. Changes in college students mental health and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Adolesc Res Rev. 2022;7(4):537\u201350.","journal-title":"Adolesc Res Rev"},{"key":"3491_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110244","volume":"107","author":"J Santab\u00e1rbara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santab\u00e1rbara J, Bueno-Notivol J, Lipnicki DM, Olaya B, P\u00e9rez-Moreno M, Gracia-Garc\u00eda P, et al. Prevalence of anxiety in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid systematic review (on published articles in Medline) with meta-analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021;107:110244.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3491_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10070-3","volume":"21","author":"JH De Kock","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Kock JH, Latham HA, Leslie SJ, Grindle M, Munoz S-A, Ellis L, et al. A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):104.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3491_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lefkowitz B, Houdmont J, Knight A. A systematic review of dentists\u2019 psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br Dent J. 2023.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-023-6232-8"},{"key":"3491_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toon M, Collin V, Whitehead P, Reynolds L. An analysis of stress and burnout in UK general dental practitioners: subdimensions and causes. Br Dent J. 2019.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2019.46"},{"issue":"6","key":"3491_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2004.0279","volume":"135","author":"RE Rada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rada RE, Johnson-Leong C. Stress, burnout, anxiety and depression among dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(6):788\u201394.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"3491_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13444","volume":"27","author":"KY Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu KY, Wu DT, Nguyen TT, Tran SD. COVID-19\u2019s impact on private practice and academic dentistry in North America. Oral Dis. 2021;27(Suppl 3):684\u20137.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"3491_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolbe RJ, Madathil SA, Marin LM, Seth R, Faraj N, Allison PJ et al. Salivary cortisol and anxiety in Canadian dentists over 1 year of COVID-19. J Dent Res. 2023:220345231178726.","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345231178726"},{"key":"3491_CR14","unstructured":"Association CD. CDA COVID-19 update: a message for CDA stakeholders. 2021."},{"issue":"8","key":"3491_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2022.02.011","volume":"153","author":"LA Eldridge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eldridge LA, Estrich CG, Gurenlian JR, Battrell A, Lynch A, Vujicic M, et al. US dental health care workers\u2019 mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Dent Assoc. 2022;153(8):740\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3491_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01335-9","volume":"20","author":"S Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao S, Cao J, Sun R, Zhang L, Liu B. Analysis of anxiety-related factors amongst frontline dental staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Yichang, China. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):342.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"3491_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badami ZA, Mustafa H, Maqsood A, Aijaz S, Altamash S, Lal A et al. Comparison of general anxiety among healthcare professionals before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10122076"},{"issue":"3","key":"3491_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","volume":"3","author":"J Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3491_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahorsu DK, Lin C-Y, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1037\/t78404-000"},{"key":"3491_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00748","volume":"11","author":"A Schimmenti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schimmenti A, Starcevic V, Giardina A, Khazaal Y, Billieux J. Multidimensional assessment of COVID-19-Related fears (MAC-RF): A Theory-Based instrument for the assessment of clinically relevant fears during pandemics. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:748.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3491_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2020.1748481","volume":"44","author":"SA Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee SA. Coronavirus anxiety scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44(7):393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"issue":"8","key":"3491_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5693","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-01195-0","volume":"41","author":"WAD Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva WAD, de Sampaio Brito TR, Pereira CR. COVID-19 anxiety scale (CAS): development and psychometric properties. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(8):5693\u2013702.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3491_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102232","volume":"72","author":"S Taylor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Fergus TA, McKay D, Asmundson GJG. Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scales. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;72:102232.","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"3491_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conway LGIWS, Zubrod A. Social psychological measurements of COVID-19: coronavirus perceived Threat, government Response, Impacts, and experiences questionnaires. PsyArXiv Preprints. 2020.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/z2x9a"},{"key":"3491_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113322","volume":"292","author":"AV Nik\u010devi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nik\u010devi\u0107 AV, Spada MM. The COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale: development and psychometric properties. Psychiatry Res. 2020;292:113322.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"3491_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2686","volume":"29","author":"M Akbari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akbari M, Seydavi M, Zamani E, Nik\u010devi\u0107 AV, Spada MM. The Persian COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (C-19ASS): psychometric properties in a general community sample of Iranians. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022;29(3):906\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"6","key":"3491_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2767","volume":"29","author":"G Mansueto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mansueto G, Palmieri S, Marino C, Caselli G, Sassaroli S, Ruggiero GM, et al. The Italian COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale: investigation of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and its association with psychological symptoms in an Italian population. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022;29(6):1972\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"3491_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muthiah AG, Yanuar A, Amanta AG, Debora A, Putriandina S, Halim MS, et al. editors. The adaptation of COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (C-19ASS) measurement tool in Indonesian Language2022 2022-04-21T04:00:00.000Z: Atlantis.","DOI":"10.2991\/assehr.k.220404.266"},{"key":"3491_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coelho GLH, Monteiro R, de Queiroz KKR, Dianni NVR, Nakamura PM, Diniz TN. Is there a better way to assess COVID-19 anxiety? Comparing structure and item parameters across multiple measures. PsyArXiv; 2022.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/gsc43"},{"key":"3491_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhakami A, Salem V, Alateeq D, Nik\u010devi\u0107 AV, Marci T, Palmieri S et al. The Arab COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (C-19ASS): COVID-19 anxiety syndrome and psychological symptoms in the Saudi Arabian population. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2023.","DOI":"10.1037\/t90368-000"},{"issue":"6","key":"3491_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2877","volume":"30","author":"R Seth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seth R, Madathil SA, Siqueira WL, McNally M, Qui\u00f1onez CR, Glogauer M, et al. Validity and reliability of the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale in Canadian dentists. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2023;30(6):1349\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"3491_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seydavi M, Troulli MD, Akbari M, Nik\u010devi\u0107 AV, Spada MM. An assessment of the psychometric properties and psychological correlates of the Greek COVID-19 anxiety syndrome scale (C-19ASS). Clin Psychol Psychother. 2023.","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2895"},{"issue":"4","key":"3491_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023499322593","volume":"12","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Dekker FW, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF, Bossuyt PM. On assessing responsiveness of health-related quality of life instruments: guidelines for instrument evaluation. Qual Life Res. 2003;12(4):349\u201362.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"3491_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alencar CM, Silva AM, Jural LA, Magno MB, Campos EAD, Silva CM et al. Factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazilian Oral Res. 2021;35.","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0084"},{"issue":"5","key":"3491_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3092","volume":"22","author":"JJ Cimilluca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cimilluca JJ, Lee KC, Halepas S, Ferguson B. COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on dentistry: A Cross-sectional survey of practicing dentists. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021;22(5):473\u20138.","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"3491_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v13n7p1","volume":"13","author":"DA Gohil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gohil DA, Nair RD, Mohammadnezhad M, Raman Reddy KV. Impact of COVID\u201319 on the psychological health of dental professionals: a systematic review. Global J Health Sci. 2021;13(7):1.","journal-title":"Global J Health Sci"},{"key":"3491_CR37","unstructured":"Ismail N. The change in stress and anxiety level caused by practicing dentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. Jordan Med J. 2021;55(1)."},{"issue":"7","key":"3491_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01764-x","volume":"40","author":"M \u00d6zarslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00d6zarslan M, Caliskan S. Attitudes and predictive factors of psychological distress and occupational burnout among dentists during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Curr Psychol. 2021;40(7):3113\u201324.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"3491_CR39","unstructured":"Government of Canada. COVID-19 epidemiology update: Summary 2021 [Available from: https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/covid-19\/]."},{"key":"3491_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madathil S, Siqueira WL, Marin LM, Sanaulla FB, Faraj N, Qui\u00f1onez CR et al. The incidence of COVID-19 among dentists practicing in the community in Canada: A prospective cohort study over a 6-month period. J of the Am Dent Ass. 2022;153(5):450-9.e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2021.10.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"3491_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyaa213","volume":"50","author":"PWG Tennant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tennant PWG, Murray EJ, Arnold KF, Berrie L, Fox MP, Gadd SC, et al. Use of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) to identify confounders in applied health research: review and recommendations. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(2):620\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3491_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2015.07.002","volume":"52","author":"DF Polit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polit DF. Assessing measurement in health: beyond reliability and validity. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(11):1746\u201353.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"3491_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00206-1","volume":"53","author":"JA Husted","year":"2000","unstructured":"Husted JA, Cook RJ, Farewell VT, Gladman DD. Methods for assessing responsiveness: a critical review and recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(5):459\u201368.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3491_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.012","volume":"61","author":"D Revicki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Revicki D, Hays RD, Cella D, Sloan J. Recommended methods for determining responsiveness and minimally important differences for patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(2):102\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3491_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7013e2","volume":"70","author":"A Vahratian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vahratian A, Blumberg SJ, Terlizzi EP, Schiller JS. Symptoms of anxiety or depressive disorder and use of mental health care among adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, August 2020-February 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(13):490\u20134.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"3491_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasparro R, Scandurra C, Maldonato NM, Dolce P, Bochicchio V, Valletta A et al. Perceived job insecurity and depressive symptoms among Italian dentists: the moderating role of fear of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(15).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155338"},{"key":"3491_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1388_20","volume":"10","author":"B Jyoti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jyoti B, Kiran M, Srivastava R, Jaiswal V, Kumari S, Sinha AK. Psychological consequences of lockdown on dental professionals during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Educ Health Promot. 2021;10:472.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"3","key":"3491_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.05.004","volume":"35","author":"M Altemus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altemus M, Sarvaiya N, Neill Epperson C. Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2014;35(3):320\u201330.","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3491_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/npr2.12179","volume":"41","author":"H Salehiniya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salehiniya H, Abbaszadeh H. Prevalence of corona-associated anxiety and mental health disorder among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2021;41(2):223\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Rep"},{"key":"3491_CR50","unstructured":"United States Department of Labor OSaHA. COVID-19 control and prevention: Dentistry Workers and Employers."},{"issue":"1","key":"3491_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-01270-9","volume":"20","author":"M Banakar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banakar M, Bagheri Lankarani K, Jafarpour D, Moayedi S, Banakar MH, MohammadSadeghi A. COVID-19 transmission risk and protective protocols in dentistry: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):275.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"3491_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spagnuolo G, De Vito D, Rengo S, Tatullo M. COVID-19 outbreak: an overview on dentistry. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062094"},{"key":"3491_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910373","volume":"18","author":"F Karay\u00fcrek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karay\u00fcrek F, \u00c7ebi AT, G\u00fclses A, Ayna M. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on anxiety levels of Turkish dental professionals and their attitude in clinical care: A Cross-Sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:19.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3491_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100398","volume":"92","author":"PK Pardasaney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardasaney PK, Latham NK, Jette AM, Wagenaar RC, Ni P, Slavin MD, et al. Sensitivity to change and responsiveness of four balance measures for community-dwelling older adults. Phys Ther. 2012;92(3):388\u201397.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03491-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03491-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03491-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:14:34Z","timestamp":1760361274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03491-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03491-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4605107\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of McGill University, Montreal\u2013 IRB Review Number A06-M49-20\u00a0A (20-06-018). All participants provided their written informed consent to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1133"}}