{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T09:53:41Z","timestamp":1768557221095,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"French government national hospital clinical research grant \u201cOrganisation de la direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'offre de soins\u201d (DGOS) Programme hospitalier de recherche clinique (PHRC-I)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events (TEs) are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with long-term emotional, cognitive, and social consequences. Early interventions within the first months post-trauma are essential, yet structured, evidence-based approaches remain limited. The Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) is a brief, family-centered approach that enhances parental support and reduces post-traumatic symptoms. While effective in the U.S., its implementation in European settings, particularly via telehealth, remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the effectiveness of telehealth-delivered CFTSI in reducing post-traumatic symptoms in children aged 7\u201317 after recent TEs, compared to non-specific psychological support. Secondary objectives include assessing symptom persistence at three months, parental PTSD symptoms, and predictors of treatment response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a multicenter, evaluator-blinded RCT comparing CFTSI to supportive counseling. Eligible children (aged 7\u201317) must have experienced a TE within the past 45 days and exhibit at least one posttraumatic stress symptom. Exclusion criteria include severe cognitive impairment, ongoing abuse, or acute psychiatric emergencies.The CFTSI group will receive 5\u20138 structured, family-focused telehealth sessions targeting parent-child communication and coping. The control group will receive supportive counseling. The primary outcome is post-traumatic symptom reduction, assessed using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Checklist 3 months after completion of the program. Secondary outcomes include three-month symptom persistence, parental PTSD symptoms, and predictors of response. Analyses will use ANCOVA and regression models adjusted for baseline characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first RCT in France evaluating telehealth-delivered CFTSI. Conducted across four sites, findings will inform trauma care integration at regional and national levels. By improving accessibility and supporting trauma-exposed families, this study aims to enhance clinical training and advance evidence-based early interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov. Number NCT07031817. Registered on the 2nd of October, 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03585-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T15:28:44Z","timestamp":1763047724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the effectiveness of telehealth-delivered Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) for children and adolescents following recent trauma: a multi-site randomized controlled trial in France"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Fongaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Purper-Ouakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Picot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Kerbage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3585_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet C, Bromet E, Karam EG, Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Ruscio AM, et al. The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the world mental health survey consortium. Psychol Med. 2016;46(2):327\u201343.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3585_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0676","volume":"169","author":"D Finkelhor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finkelhor D, Turner HA, Shattuck A, Hamby SL. Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, Crime, and abuse: results from the National survey of children\u2019s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatr 1 ao\u00fbt. 2015;169(8):746\u201354.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr 1 ao\u00fbt"},{"issue":"2","key":"3585_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.12.001","volume":"32","author":"D Trickey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trickey D, Siddaway AP, Meiser-Stedman R, Serpell L, Field AP. A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Clin Psychol Rev 1 Mars. 2012;32(2):122\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev 1 Mars"},{"key":"3585_CR4","unstructured":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5TM, 5th ed. Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 2013. xliv, 947 p. (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5TM, 5th ed)."},{"issue":"13","key":"3585_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000708","volume":"47","author":"KC Koenen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Ratanatharathorn A, Ng L, McLaughlin KA, Bromet EJ, Stein DJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys. Psychol Med. 2017;47(13):2260\u201374.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"3585_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104127","volume":"97","author":"K Petruccelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petruccelli K, Davis J, Berman T. Adverse childhood experiences and associated health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse Negl 1 Nov. 2019;97:104127.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl 1 Nov"},{"issue":"1","key":"3585_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299660","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2299660","volume":"15","author":"H Kerbage","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kerbage H, Elbejjani M, El-Hage W, Purper-Ouakil D. Life should go on\u2019: a qualitative inquiry of parental reactions, experiences, and perceived needs following adolescents\u2019 recent traumatic exposure. Eur J Psychotraumatology 29 Janv. 2024;15(1):2299660.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatology 29 Janv"},{"issue":"8","key":"3585_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12566","volume":"57","author":"RM Hiller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hiller RM, Meiser-Stedman R, Fearon P, Lobo S, McKinnon A, Fraser A, et al. Research review: changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma \u2013 a meta-analytic study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016;57(8):884\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12566.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3585_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.01.002","volume":"23","author":"D Bellis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellis D, Zisk A. The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014;23(2):185\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2014.01.002.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"3585_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105886","volume":"134","author":"CS Stover","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stover CS, Hahn H, Maciejewski KR, Epstein C, Marans S. The child and family traumatic stress intervention: factors associated with symptom reduction for children receiving treatment. Child Abuse Negl d\u00e9c. 2022;134:105886.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl d\u00e9c"},{"issue":"5","key":"3585_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2025.02.006","volume":"51","author":"C Weber","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weber C, Bazzi O, Purper-Ouakil D, Fongaro E, Kerbage H. Nonpharmacological treatments of Post-Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children and adolescents: A scoping review. Encephale. 2025;51(5):566\u201374. Epub 2025 May 23.","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"3585_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerbage H, Bazzi O, El Hage W, Corruble E, Purper-Ouakil D. Early interventions to prevent post-traumatic stress disorder in youth after exposure to a potentially traumatic event: a scoping review. Healthcare (Basel). 28 avr. 2022;10(5):818.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10050818"},{"issue":"6","key":"3585_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02321.x","volume":"52","author":"SJ Berkowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berkowitz SJ, Stover CS, Marans SR. The child and family traumatic stress intervention: secondary prevention for youth at risk of developing PTSD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011;52(6):676\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02321.x. Epub 2010 Sep 24. PMID: 20868370; PMCID: PMC3096712.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3585_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105886","volume":"134","author":"CS Stover","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stover CS, Hahn H, Maciejewski KR, Epstein C, Marans S. The child and family traumatic stress intervention: factors associated with symptom reduction for children receiving treatment. Child Abuse Negl. 2022;134:105886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105886.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"3585_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.03.010","volume":"92","author":"H Hahn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hahn H, Putnam K, Epstein C, Marans S, Putnam F. Child and family traumatic stress intervention (CFTSI) reduces parental posttraumatic stress symptoms: A multi-site meta-analysis (MSMA). Child Abuse Negl 1 Juin. 2019;92:106\u201315.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl 1 Juin"},{"key":"3585_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.01.005","volume":"53","author":"V Williamson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williamson V, Creswell C, Fearon P, Hiller RM, Walker J, Halligan SL. The role of parenting behaviors in childhood post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;53:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.01.005.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3585_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595241233230","volume":"29","author":"MC Goslin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goslin MC, Epstein C. Telehealth delivery of the child and family traumatic stress intervention is associated with reduced posttraumatic stress in children and caregivers. Child Maltreat. 2024;29(3):430\u20139. Epub 2024 Feb 20. PMID: 38379207.","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"3585_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.678916","volume":"12","author":"M Gindt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gindt M, Richez A, Battista M, Fabre R, Th\u00fcmmler S, Fernandez A, et al. Validation of the French version of the child posttraumatic stress checklist in French school-aged children. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:678916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.678916.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"3585_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645","volume":"11","author":"AR Ashbaugh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashbaugh AR, Houle-Johnson S, Herbert C, El-Hage W, Brunet A. Psychometric validation of the English and French versions of the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). PLoS ONE. 2016;11(10):e0161645.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3585_CR20","volume-title":"Edition r\u00e9vis\u00e9e et modifi\u00e9e","author":"S Mouren-Sim\u00e9oni, Cook","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mouren-Sim\u00e9oni, Cook S, Flament S, Nedey-Saiag MC, Nollet-Cl\u00e9men\u00e7on C, Paill\u00e8re-Martinot ML, Purper-Ouakil D, Vila G, Kiddie. Edition r\u00e9vis\u00e9e et modifi\u00e9e. Paris: Editions INSERM; 2002. -SADS-Version Vie Enti\u00e8re (K-SADS-P\/L)."},{"key":"3585_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954","volume":"11","author":"MJ Gray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gray MJ, Litz BT, Hsu JL, Lombardo TW. Psychometric properties of the life events checklist. Assessment. 2004;11:330\u201341.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3585_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.06.004","volume":"37","author":"I Daigneault","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daigneault I, Dion J, H\u00e9bert M, McDuff P, Collin-V\u00e9zina D. Psychometric properties of the child and youth resilience measure (CYRM-28) among samples of French Canadian youth. Child Abuse Negl. 2013;37(2\u20133):160\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.06.004.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"3585_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jefferies P, McGarrigle L, Ungar M. The CYRM-R: a Rasch-validated revision of the child and youth resilience measure. J Evidence-Informed Social Work. 2018;1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23761407.2018.1548403.","DOI":"10.1080\/23761407.2018.1548403"},{"key":"3585_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21243","author":"NJ Butcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butcher NJ, Monsour A, Mew EJ, et al. Guidelines for reporting outcomes in trial protocols: the SPIRIT-outcomes 2022 extension. JAMA. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.21243.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3585_CR25","unstructured":"Th\u00fcmmler S, Gindt M, Maria F, Nachon O, Battista M, Askenazy F. Child PTSD checklist (CPC) (French Version 18\/05\/17 of CPC DSM-5, Scheeringa 23\/05\/14). 2017. Retrieved from http:\/\/medicine.tulane.edu\/departments\/psychiatry\/research\/dr-scheeringas-lab\/manuals-measures-training"},{"key":"3585_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2699.5.4.291","volume":"5","author":"WR Saltzman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saltzman WR, Pynoos RS, Layne CM, Steinberg AM, Aisenberg E. Trauma-and grief-focused intervention for adolescents exposed to community violence: results of a school-based screening and group treatment protocol. Group Dyn Theory Res Pract. 2001;5:291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1089-2699.5.4.291.","journal-title":"Group Dyn Theory Res Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"3585_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20767","volume":"28","author":"MJ Friedman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friedman MJ, Resick PA, Bryant RA, Brewin CR. Considering PTSD for DSM-5. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(9):750\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20767.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"3585_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Renou S, Hergueta T, Flament M, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Lecrubier Y. Entretiens diagnostiques structur\u00e9s en psychiatrie de l\u2019enfant et de l\u2019adolescent [Diagnostic structured interviews in child and adolescent\u2019s psychiatry]. Encephale. 2004;30(2):122\u2009\u2013\u200934. French. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0013-7006(04)95422-x. PMID: 15107714.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0013-7006(04)95422-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"3585_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2011.572035","volume":"16","author":"M Lisa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lisa M, Hooper P, Stockton JL, Krupnick, Bonnie L, Green. Development, Use, and psychometric properties of the trauma history questionnaire. J Loss Trauma. 2011;16(3):258\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325024.2011.572035.","journal-title":"J Loss Trauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"3585_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012371","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012371","volume":"10","author":"D Gillies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gillies D, Maiocchi L, Bhandari AP, Taylor F, Gray C, O\u2019Brien L. Psychological therapies for children and adolescents exposed to trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10(10):CD012371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012371. PMID: 27726123; PMCID: PMC6457979.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"3585_CR31","volume-title":"Statistical analysis with missing data","author":"RJ LITTLE","year":"1987","unstructured":"LITTLE RJ, et DB. Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: RUBIN; 1987."}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03585-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03585-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03585-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:44:46Z","timestamp":1768488286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03585-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-025-03585-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for the trial was granted by the \u201cComit\u00e9 de Protection des Personnes Ile de France XI\u201d.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1254"}}