{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:27:25Z","timestamp":1792189645764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-04375-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:24:33Z","timestamp":1774362273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The regulatory role of sleep quality in the effect of preoperative intrusive thoughts on the fear of pain: structural equation modeling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9580-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilek","family":"Soylu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5268-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"\u0130\u015fler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR1","first-page":"18","volume":"30","author":"S \u00dcnver","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00dcnver S, Turan FN. Turkish validity and reliability study of fear of pain questionnaire-III. Agriculture (Basel). 2018;30(1):18\u201327.","journal-title":"Agriculture (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"4375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.37989\/gumussagbil.1271343","volume":"12","author":"PY Eker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eker PY, K\u00f6ksel P. Investigation of the effect of training given to patients with Septorhinoplasty on the level of surgical anxiety, fear of pain, pain and comfort: a randomized controlled trial. GUJHS. 2023;12(4):1711\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37989\/gumussagbil.1271343.","journal-title":"GUJHS"},{"issue":"3","key":"4375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.33715\/inonusaglik.1063402","volume":"10","author":"E Seyhan Ak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seyhan Ak E, Ong\u00fcn P, \u015eenel \u00c7, K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7ay Y\u00c7. The effect of postoperative pain level on sleep quality in patients who undergo major urological surgery Ezgi. J Inonu Univ Health Serv Vocat School. 2022;10(3):992\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33715\/inonusaglik.1063402.","journal-title":"J Inonu Univ Health Serv Vocat School"},{"issue":"4","key":"4375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.34087\/cbusbed.1034063","volume":"9","author":"E Para","year":"2022","unstructured":"Para E, Uslu Y. Postoperative sleep quality and affecting factors sleep patterns in surgical patients. CBU-SBED. 2022;9(4):443\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34087\/cbusbed.1034063.","journal-title":"CBU-SBED"},{"issue":"3","key":"4375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.48071\/sbuhemsirelik.1268416","volume":"5","author":"T K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","year":"2023","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 T, Karaman \u00d6zl\u00fc Z. The determination of the relationship between fear of surgery, sleep, and insomnia in patients scheduled for elective surgery. Univ Health Sci J Nurs. 2023;5(3):205\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48071\/sbuhemsirelik.1268416.","journal-title":"Univ Health Sci J Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.54803\/sauhsd.1092064","volume":"5","author":"P Okyar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okyar P, \u015eentepe \u00c7, Durat G. The effect of pre-operative anxiety on sleep quality. Sakarya University Journal of Holistic Health. 2022;5(2):112\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54803\/sauhsd.1092064.","journal-title":"Sakarya University Journal of Holistic Health"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"4375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03799.x","volume":"21","author":"M Yilmaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yilmaz M, Sezer H, G\u00fcrler H, Bekar M. Predictors of preoperative anxiety in surgical inpatients. J Clin Nurs. 2012;21(7\u20138):956\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-023-00316-0","volume":"12","author":"S Akutay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akutay S, Ceyhan \u00d6. The relationship between fear of surgery and affecting factors in surgical patients. Perioper Med. 2023;12(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13741-023-00316-0.","journal-title":"Perioper Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5152\/dcbybd.2013.02","volume":"4","author":"A Sidar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sidar A, Dedeli \u00d6, I\u015fkesen AI. The relationship between anxiety, pain distress and pain severitybefore and after open heart surgery in patients. J Crit Intensive Care. 2013;4(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/dcbybd.2013.02.","journal-title":"J Crit Intensive Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"4375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05090.x","volume":"62","author":"JK Crockett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crockett JK, Gumley A, Longmate A. The development and validation of the pre-operative intrusive thoughts inventory (PITI). Anaesthesia. 2007;62(7):683\u20139.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"4375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4274\/jtsm.galenos.2022.38247","volume":"9","author":"S Erda\u011f\u0131 Oral","year":"2022","unstructured":"Erda\u011f\u0131 Oral S, K\u0131ran\u015fal N, Deniz M. The effect of pain and anxiety on sleep quality in hospitalized patients in surgical clinics. J Turk Sleep Med. 2022;9(3):288\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jtsm.galenos.2022.38247.","journal-title":"J Turk Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/ijun.12257","volume":"15","author":"S Atay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atay S, Aydin Sayilan A. Pre-transurethral prostate resection anxiety on postoperative pain and sleep quality: a correlational study. Int J Urol Nurs. 2021;15(2):70\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Urol Nurs"},{"key":"4375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2024.03.004","volume":"40","author":"H Topan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Topan H, G\u00fcnday EA, S\u00fcrme Y, Ceyhan \u00d6, \u015eim\u015fek N, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck A. Guided imagery effects on pain, anxiety, and sleep for lumbar discectomy patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2025;40:56\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2024.03.004.","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4375_CR14","first-page":"316","volume":"30","author":"FN K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan FN, Kazan EE. Analysis of the relationship between pain beliefs and fears of pain of nursing students. J Health Sci. 2021;30(3):316\u201325.","journal-title":"J Health Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018782831217","volume":"21","author":"D McNeil","year":"1998","unstructured":"McNeil D, Rainwater A. Development of the fear of pain questionnaire-III. J Behav Med. 1998;21(4):389\u2013410.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2023.06.008","volume":"24","author":"A Topal Han\u00e7er","year":"2023","unstructured":"Topal Han\u00e7er A, K\u00f6ksel P. The effect of preoperative pain fear on postoperative pain, analgesic use, and comfort level. Pain Manag Nurs. 2023;24(5):521\u20137.","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"4375_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2021.02.003","volume":"37","author":"F Ustunel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ustunel F, Erden S. Evaluation of fear of pain among surgical patients in the preoperative period. J Perianesth Nurs. 2022;37(2):188\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2021.02.003.","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"4375_CR18","unstructured":"\u00c7ak\u0131r R. The Validity and Reability of the Turkish Version of the Pre-operative Intrusive Thoughts Inventory and the Investigation of the Relationship Between Pre- Operative Intrusive Thoughts and the Level of Anxiety. Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi; 2019. Available from: file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Asus\/Downloads\/648354 (1).pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"4375_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4314\/rjmhs.v2i2.6","volume":"2","author":"D Ryamukuru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryamukuru D, Ndateba I, Mukamana D, Mukantwari J, Adejumo O, Collins A. Assessment of anxiety in patients awaiting surgery in a referral hospital in Rwanda. Rwanda J Med Health Sci. 2019;2(2):112.","journal-title":"Rwanda J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"4375_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1891\/1061-3749.8.2.131","volume":"8","author":"KC Richards","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richards KC, O\u2019Sullivan PS, Phillips RL. Measurement of sleep in critically ill patients. J Nurs Meas. 2000;8:131\u201344.","journal-title":"J Nurs Meas"},{"key":"4375_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4274\/jtsm.02.008","volume":"2","author":"Z Karaman \u00d6zl\u00fc","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karaman \u00d6zl\u00fc Z, \u00d6zer N. Richard-Campbell sleep questionnaire validity and reliability study. J Turkish Sleep Med. 2015;2:29\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jtsm.02.008.","journal-title":"J Turkish Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90126-4","volume":"17","author":"DD Price","year":"1983","unstructured":"Price DD, McGrath PA, Rafii A, Buckingham B. The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. Pain. 1983;17(1):45\u201356.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4375_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101304","volume":"43","author":"D Soylu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soylu D, Tekinsoy Kart\u0131n P. The effect on gastrointestinal system functions, pain and anxiety of acupressure applied following laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation: a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;43:101304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2021.101304.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"4375_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2024.45.7.20240201","volume":"45","author":"A Soylu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Soylu A, Korkmaz M. The effect on back pain, anxiety, and comfort levels of an elevated supine position and back support applied to patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomized controlled experimental study. Saudi Med J. 2024;45(7):700\u20139.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2013.38.1.52","volume":"38","author":"HY Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim HY. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restor Dentistry Endodontics. 2013;38(1):52.","journal-title":"Restor Dentistry Endodontics"},{"key":"4375_CR26","unstructured":"B\u00fcy\u00fckuysal M\u00c7, \u00d6z \u0130\u0130. An Alternative Method to Least Squares in Presence of Multicollinearity: Ridge Regression. J DU Health Sci Inst. 2016;6(2):110\u20134. Available from: http:\/\/www.sbedergi.duzce.edu.tr\/article\/view\/5000149365\/0"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2014.962683","volume":"50","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayes AF. An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivar Behav Res. 2015;50(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170701341316","volume":"42","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preacher KJ, Rucker DD, Hayes AF. Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivar Behav Res. 2007;42(1):185\u2013227.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4375_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.07.004","volume":"25","author":"H Topan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Topan H, S\u00fcrme Y, Ceyhan \u00d6. Patient fear of pain: the pre-operative period in the neurosurgery clinic. Pain Manag Nurs. 2024;25(6):e405\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.07.004.","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"4375_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2023.04.015","volume":"24","author":"F \u00dcst\u00fcnel","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00dcst\u00fcnel F, Tura \u0130, Ak\u00e7am AT, Erden S. The effect of preoperative fear of pain on postoperative pain levels and the amount of analgesic consumption. Pain Manage Nurs. 2023;24(6):617\u201321.","journal-title":"Pain Manage Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"4375_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181aae87a","volume":"111","author":"HYV Ip","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ip HYV, Abrishami A, Peng PWH, Wong J, Chung F. Predictors of postoperative pain and analgesic consumption: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(3):657\u201377.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"4375_CR32","first-page":"1","volume":"Article ID","author":"Y Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo Y, He J, Bao L, Meng H, Hu C, Chen Q. Fear of Pain as a Predictor for Postoperative Pain Intensity among the Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery. Pain Res Manage. 2022;Article ID:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.52831\/kjhs.1182953","volume":"4","author":"B Demirci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Demirci B, Y\u0131lmaz \u015eahin S. The effect of surgical fear levels of patients before lumbar disc herniation surgery on postoperative pain and quality of recovery. Karya J Health Sci. 2023;4(1):19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52831\/kjhs.1182953.","journal-title":"Karya J Health Sci"},{"key":"4375_CR34","unstructured":"Altun \u00d6\u015e, \u00d6zl\u00fc ZK, Ol\u00e7un Z, Kaya M. Does the fear of surgery prevent pat\u0131ents from sleep\u0131ng? Anadolu Hem\u015firelik ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;20(04):260\u20136. Available from: https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/en\/pub\/ataunihem\/issue\/33612\/340221"},{"issue":"1","key":"4375_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1089\/bari.2022.0013","volume":"18","author":"G Odaba\u015fi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Odaba\u015fi G, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckak\u00e7a \u00c7elik G, A\u015fci \u00d6. Evaluation of surgical fear level and postoperative consequences in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care. 2023;18(1):40\u20138.","journal-title":"Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04375-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04375-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04375-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:14:49Z","timestamp":1777850089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04375-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04375-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this study, the Kahramanmara\u015f S\u00fct\u00e7\u00fcimam \u00dcniversitesi Medical Research Ethics Committee gave its approval (session number. 2024\/08, decision no. 03, dated: 25\/03\/2024). Participants were briefed on the study\u2019s purpose before to the survey. Additionally, they were made aware of their freedom to leave the study at any moment. It was voluntary to take part in this study. Participants were only asked to complete the survey if they had read the written explanation and consent form and had confirmed their agreement to participate in the study. All participants were informed about the study and their written consent was obtained. To protect the identities of the participants, all data was anonymized and care was taken to maintain confidentiality throughout the research process.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"645"}}