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Ethics approval for this study was obtained on 10 June 2024, before the field survey was carried out. The study was reviewed and approved by the Academic Ethics Review Subcommittee of the School of Resources and Environment, Xichang University, China. Written informed consent was obtained from participants prior to the interviews. For participants who were unable to sign due to educational level or other reasons, verbal consent was obtained in the presence of a witness, and the witness signed the consent record for confirmation. Participation was voluntary. In addition, privacy and data protection measures were implemented throughout the research process, including anonymization of personal identifiers and secure storage of both paper and electronic data before analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"741"}}