{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:20:23Z","timestamp":1783401623180,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-04759-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:07:13Z","timestamp":1778728033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual working memory in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients using real-world visual objects and perceptual organization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiyu","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiehui","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422","volume":"63","author":"A Baddeley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baddeley A. Working memory: Theories, models, and controversies. Ann Rev Psychol. 2012;63(1):1\u201329.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Psychol"},{"key":"4759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0222-17.2018","author":"T Egli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Egli T, et al. Identification of two distinct working memory-related brain networks in healthy young adults. Eneuro. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0222-17.2018.","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"key":"4759_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq153","volume":"21","author":"AK Barbey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barbey AK, Koenigs M, Grafman J. Orbitofrontal contributions to human working memory. Cereb Cortex. 2011;21:789\u201395.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"4759_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/363623a0","volume":"363","author":"J Jonides","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jonides J, Smith EE, Koeppe RA, Awh E, Minoshima S, Mintun MA. Spatial working memory in humans as revealed by PET. Nature. 1993;363:623\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4759_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wager TD, Smith EE. Neuroimaging studies of working memory: A meta-analysis. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2003;3:255\u201374.","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.3.4.255"},{"key":"4759_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3758\/17.5.673","volume":"17","author":"K Fukuda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fukuda K, Vogel E, Mayr U, Awh E. Quantity, not quality: The relationship between fluid intelligence and working memory capacity. Psychon Bull Rev. 2010;17:673\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"4759_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/36846","volume":"390","author":"SJ Luck","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luck SJ, Vogel EK. The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature. 1997;390:279\u201381.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"4759_CR8","first-page":"1392","volume":"51","author":"K Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang K, Lin W, Wang X, Qian J. Separate storage mechanisms of absolute depth and relative depth in working memory: Encoding, maintenance, consolidation, and attention engagements. J Experimental Psychology: Learn Memory Cognition. 2025;51(9):1392\u2013411.","journal-title":"J Experimental Psychology: Learn Memory Cognition"},{"key":"4759_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32039-4","volume":"8","author":"JF Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li JF, Qian JH, Liang F. Evidence for the beneficial effect of perceptual grouping on visual working memory: An empirical study on illusory contour and a meta-analytic study. Sci Rep. 2018;8:13864.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4759_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brady TF, St\u00f6rmer VS, Alvarez GA. Working memory is not fixed-capacity: More active storage capacity for real-world objects than for simple stimuli. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2016;113:7459\u201364.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1520027113"},{"key":"4759_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.2.1.7297","volume":"2","author":"TF Brady","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brady TF, Konkle T, Oliva A, Alvarez GA. Detecting changes in real-world objects: The relationship between visual long-term memory and change blindness. Commun Integr Biol. 2009;2:1\u20133.","journal-title":"Commun Integr Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4759_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000727","volume":"46","author":"IS Utochkin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Utochkin IS, Brady TF. Individual representations in visual working memory inherit ensemble properties. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2020;46(5):458.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"4759_CR13","first-page":"2604","volume":"86","author":"B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li B, Wang X, Zhang K, Qian J, Attention. Percept Psychophysics. 2024;86:2604\u201323.","journal-title":"Percept Psychophysics"},{"key":"4759_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12599","volume":"114","author":"W Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang W, Wang K, Zhang K, Qian J. Spatial attention based on 2D location and relative depth order modulates visual working memory in a 3D environment. Br J Psychol. 2023;114:112\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"4759_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-020-01123-4","volume":"49","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Tong M, Chen S, Qian J. Effect of attentional selection on working memory for depth in a retro-cueing paradigm. Mem Cognit. 2021;49:747\u201357.","journal-title":"Mem Cognit"},{"key":"4759_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence12090088","volume":"12","author":"W Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W, Yan X, He X, Qian J. Evidence for the beneficial effect of reward on working memory: A meta-analytic study. J Intell. 2024;12:88.","journal-title":"J Intell"},{"key":"4759_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-019-00956-y","volume":"47","author":"J Qian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qian J, Zhang K, Liu S, Lei Q. The transition from feature to object: Storage unit in visual working memory depends on task difficulty. Mem Cognit. 2019;47:1498\u2013514.","journal-title":"Mem Cognit"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","volume":"3","author":"W Poewe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poewe W, et al. Parkinson disease. Nat Reviews Disease Primers. 2017;3(1):17013.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"10423","key":"4759_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01419-8","volume":"403","author":"Y Ben-Shlomo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ben-Shlomo Y, et al. The epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet. 2024;403(10423):283\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4759_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25945","volume":"29","author":"T Pringsheim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pringsheim T, Jette N, Frolkis A, Steeves TD. The prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord. 2014;29:1583\u201390.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"4759_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.028","volume":"69","author":"R Cools","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cools R, D\u2019Esposito M. Inverted-U-shaped dopamine actions on human working memory and cognitive control. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:E113\u201325.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"15","key":"4759_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6351","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-15-06351.2003","volume":"23","author":"SJG Lewis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewis SJG, et al. Cognitive impairments in early Parkinson\u2019s disease are accompanied by reductions in activity in frontostriatal neural circuitry. J Neurosci. 2003;23(15):6351\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4759_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq197","volume":"133","author":"EY Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee EY, Cowan N, Vogel EK, Rolan T, Valle-Inclan F, Hackley SA. Visual working memory deficits in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease are due to both reduced storage capacity and impaired ability to filter out irrelevant information. Brain. 2010;133:2677\u201389.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"4759_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01046","volume":"10","author":"U Rumpf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rumpf U, et al. Investigating the potential role of ecological validity on change-detection memory tasks and distractor processing in younger and older adults. Front Psychol. 2019;10:1046.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"4759_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.10.012","volume":"16","author":"L Davachi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davachi L. Item, context and relational episodic encoding in humans. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2006;16:693\u2013700.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"4759_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.27","volume":"13","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Creese B, Politis M, Chaudhuri KR, ffytche DH, Weintraub D, Ballard C. Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease. Nat Reviews Neurol. 2017;13:217\u201331.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Neurol"},{"key":"4759_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092420","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2022.1092420","volume":"16","author":"T Tsetsenis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsetsenis T, Broussard JI, Dani JA. Dopaminergic regulation of hippocampal plasticity, learning, and memory. Front Behav Neurosci. 2023;16:1092420.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"4759_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen MA, Konkle T, Rhee JY, Nakayama K, Alvarez GA. Processing multiple visual objects is limited by overlap in neural channels. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014;111:8955\u20138960.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317860111"},{"key":"4759_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/9.10.7","volume":"9","author":"PM Bays","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bays PM, Catalao RFG, Husain M. The precision of visual working memory is set by allocation of a shared resource. J Vis. 2009;9:1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"4759_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410385","volume":"1","author":"M Wertheimer","year":"1922","unstructured":"Wertheimer M. Untersuchungen zur lehre von der gestalt. I. Prinzipielle bemerkungen [investigations on the theory of gestalt. I. Main remarks]. Psychol Res. 1922;1:47\u201358.","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"key":"4759_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/365550a0","volume":"365","author":"DH Grosof","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grosof DH, Shapley RM, Hawken MJ. Macaque V1 neurons can signal \u2018illusory\u2019 contours. Nature. 1993;365:550\u20132.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4759_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1068\/p241201","volume":"24","author":"KA Flowers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Flowers KA, Robertson C. Perceptual abnormalities in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Top-down or bottom-up processes? Perception. 1995;24:1201\u201321.","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"6","key":"4759_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029333","volume":"138","author":"J Wagemans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wagemans J, et al. A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure\u2013ground organization. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(6):1172\u2013217.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"4759_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2015.10.005","volume":"146","author":"Z Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao Z, Gao Q, Tang N, Shui R, Shen M. Organization principles in visual working memory: Evidence from sequential stimulus display. Cognition. 2016;146:277\u201388.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112939","volume":"29","author":"PR Roelfsema","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roelfsema PR. Cortical algorithms for perceptual grouping. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2006;29(1):203\u201327.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","volume":"12","author":"AM Treisman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Treisman AM, Gelade G. A feature-integration theory of attention. Cogn Psychol. 1980;12(1):97\u2013136.","journal-title":"Cogn Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4759_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0001228","volume":"50","author":"J Qian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qian J, Zheng T, Li B. Ordinal information, but not metric information, matters in binding feature with depth location in three-dimensional contexts. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2024;50(11):1083\u201399.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"issue":"2","key":"4759_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.12.004","volume":"9","author":"N Lavie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lavie N. Distracted and confused? Selective attention under load. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9(2):75\u201382.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4759_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma RB, et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(12):1591\u2013601.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"15","key":"4759_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz CG, et al. Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc. 2008;23(15):2129\u201370.","journal-title":"Mov Disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"key":"4759_CR41","unstructured":"The vision and memory lab. https:\/\/bradylab.ucsd.edu\/stimuli.html. Accessed 18 April 2026."},{"key":"4759_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-019-01161-x","volume":"84","author":"J Qian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qian J, Zhang K, Lei Q, Han Y, Li W. Task-dependent effects of voluntary space-based and involuntary feature-based attention on visual working memory. Psychol Res. 2020;84:1304\u201319.","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"key":"4759_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-019-01640-7","volume":"26","author":"J Qian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qian J, Zhang K. Working memory for stereoscopic depth is limited and imprecise\u2014evidence from a change detection task. Psychon Bull Rev. 2019;26:1657\u201365.","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"4759_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"K Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang K, Jiang Z, Huang S, Qian J. Increasing perceptual separateness affects working memory for depth\u2014re-allocation of attention from boundaries to the fixated center. J Vis. 2021;21:1\u201314.","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"4759_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2022.292","volume":"35","author":"MJ Blanca","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blanca MJ, Arnau J, Garc\u00eda-Castro FJ, Alarc\u00f3n R, Bono R. Non-normal data in repeated measures ANOVA: Impact on type I error and power. Psicothema. 2023;35:21\u20139.","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"4759_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmider E, Ziegler M, Danay E, Beyer L, B\u00fchner M. Is it really robust? Methodology. 2010; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000016","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000016"},{"key":"4759_CR47","first-page":"101","volume":"32","author":"J Spaniol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spaniol J, Madden DJ, Voss A. A diffusion model analysis of adult age differences in episodic and semantic long-term memory retrieval. J Experimental Psychology: Learn Memory Cognition. 2006;32:101.","journal-title":"J Experimental Psychology: Learn Memory Cognition"},{"key":"4759_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200930","volume":"24","author":"BL Chalfonte","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chalfonte BL, Johnson MK. Feature memory and binding in young and older adults. Mem Cognit. 1996;24:403\u201316.","journal-title":"Mem Cognit"},{"key":"4759_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu143","volume":"137","author":"N Zokaei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zokaei N, McNeill A, Proukakis C, Beavan M, Jarman P, Korlipara P, Hughes D, Mehta A, Hu MTM, Schapira AHV, et al. Visual short-term memory deficits associated with GBA mutation and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 2014;137:2303\u201311.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"4759_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00795.x","volume":"116","author":"H Matsui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Niikawa H. Wisconsin card sorting test in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Diffusion tensor imaging. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;116:108\u201312.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"4759_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2024","volume":"11","author":"F McNab","year":"2008","unstructured":"McNab F, Klingberg T. Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory. Nat Neurosci. 2008;11:103\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4759_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102779","volume":"32","author":"T Ishioka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishioka T, Hirayama K, Hosokai Y, Takeda A, Suzuki K, Nishio Y, Sawada Y, Abe N, Mori E. Impaired perception of illusory contours and cortical hypometabolism in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. NeuroImage: Clin. 2021;32:102779.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4759_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217002575","volume":"31","author":"F Vescovelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vescovelli F, Sarti D, Ruini C. Well-being and distress of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A comparative investigation. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(1):21\u201330.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4759_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1213-4","volume":"24","author":"N Berggren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berggren N, Curtis HM, Derakshan N. Interactions of emotion and anxiety on visual working memory performance. Psychon Bull Rev. 2017;24(4):1274\u201381.","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"4759_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.01.004","volume":"14","author":"TM Le","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le TM, Borghi JA, Kujawa AJ, Klein DN, Leung HC. Alterations in visual cortical activation and connectivity with prefrontal cortex during working memory updating in major depressive disorder. NeuroImage: Clin. 2017;14:43\u201353.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04759-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04759-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04759-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:08:45Z","timestamp":1783400925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04759-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-026-04759-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants received both written and oral explanations of the study, and provided verbal consent and written informed consent prior to participation. The study does not involve any clinical trials. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Review Board of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (ID [2022]02-017-01).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethic approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written consent to publish was obtained from all individuals involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"999"}}