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Reliable and culturally appropriate brief instruments are essential for stigma assessment in both research and clinical practice; however, validated Vietnamese measures remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the 12-item HIV Stigma Scale (HSS-12).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy at a primary healthcare facility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s alpha. Test\u2013retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 56 participants over a 4-week interval using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing a hypothesized four-factor model with a one-factor alternative model. Convergent validity was assessed through correlations with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9) and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; MSPSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Vietnamese HSS-12 demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha\u2009=\u20090.85) and excellent test\u2013retest reliability (ICC\u2009=\u20090.95). CFA supported a four-factor structure with improved model fit after allowing correlations between item residuals (CFI\u2009=\u20090.962; TLI\u2009=\u20090.945; RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.064; SRMR\u2009=\u20090.050), whereas the one-factor model showed poor fit. Convergent validity was supported by positive correlations between HSS-12 scores and PHQ-9 scores, and negative correlations with MSPSS scores, except for the disclosure concerns subscale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Vietnamese version of the HSS-12 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing perceived HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV in Vietnam. This brief measure may facilitate standardized stigma assessment in psychological research and routine care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-04833-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T22:42:48Z","timestamp":1779662568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the 12-item HIV stigma scale (HSS-12) among people living with HIV in Vietnam"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cao Nguyen Hoai","family":"Thuong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3284-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Vu Anh","family":"Thu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0495-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bui Hong","family":"Cam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9202-2474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Minh","family":"Nhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2747-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Nguyen Anh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4833_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality was ensured through data anonymization and restricted access.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1065"}}