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However, the longitudinal effects of such feedback on psychological distress and the underlying psychological mechanisms remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a three-wave longitudinal design over eight months to examine the effects of social media likes and comments feedback on depressive and anxiety symptoms among 398 Chinese young adults (mean age\u2009=\u200921.34 years, 58.3% female). Cross-lagged panel models were used to test bidirectional relationships, and bias-corrected bootstrap methods were applied to examine the mediating roles of self-esteem and social comparison tendency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lower frequency of like feedback at baseline significantly predicted higher levels of depressive (\u03b2 = \u22120.14,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and anxiety (\u03b2 = \u22120.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) symptoms at four-month follow-up. Reverse paths were non-significant. Self-esteem and social comparison tendency mediated these relationships, together explaining 65.0% of the total effect, with self-esteem accounting for 37.1% and social comparison for 27.9%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media feedback longitudinally influences psychological distress among young adults primarily through self-evaluation mechanisms. Interventions targeting self-esteem resilience and healthy social comparison strategies may help mitigate negative psychological effects of social media use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-04912-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:33:34Z","timestamp":1780662814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal effects of social media feedback on psychological distress in young adults: the mediating roles of self-esteem and social comparison"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jinglun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaomo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4912_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2016.09.005","volume":"69","author":"AL Burrow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burrow AL, Rainone N. 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