{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:10:38Z","timestamp":1788876638327,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-05304-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T01:43:25Z","timestamp":1786326205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A lifespan perspective on stress and happiness: a qualitative metaphor analysis of young and older adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kamile","family":"\u00d6ner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"5304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vitters\u00f8 J. Happiness and wellbeing. Humanistic wellbeing: Toward a value-based science of the good life. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. 2025:49\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-69292-5_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-69292-5_2"},{"key":"5304_CR2","unstructured":"Balta\u015f Z, Balta\u015f A. Stres ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma yollar\u0131. Istanbul:Remzi Kitabevi; 2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"5304_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0307-6","volume":"2","author":"E Diener","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diener E, Oishi S, Tay L. Advances in subjective well-being research. Nat Hum Behav. 2018;2(4):253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-018-0307-6.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"5304_CR4","unstructured":"Lyubomirsky S. The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. New York:Penguin; 2007."},{"key":"5304_CR5","unstructured":"Rowshan A. Stres y\u00f6netimi hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu almak i\u00e7in stresi nas\u0131l y\u00f6netebilirsiniz? 4th ed. Translated by\u015eahin C\u00fccelo\u011flu. Istanbul: Agora Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131;2020."},{"key":"5304_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471084","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1471084","volume":"15","author":"AA Candeias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Candeias AA, Galindo E, Reschke K, Bidzan M, Stueck M. The interplay of stress, health, and well-being: unraveling the psychological and physiological processes. Front Psychol. 2024;15:1471084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1471084.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"5304_CR7","unstructured":"Mumcu N, Mumcu HE. Sporun stres ve mutluluk \u00fczerine etkileri. Ankara:Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2019."},{"key":"5304_CR8","unstructured":"Ak\u0131n G. Stres ve Stresle Ba\u015f Etme. Ankara: Alter Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k; 2021."},{"key":"5304_CR9","volume-title":"Hayat ilerlemek kadar geride b\u0131rakabilmektir (1. Bask\u0131)","author":"MZ Sungur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sungur MZ, Bat\u0131 U. Hayat ilerlemek kadar geride b\u0131rakabilmektir 1th ed. \u0130stanbul: Destek Yay\u0131nevi; 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150","volume":"40","author":"A Steptoe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steptoe A. Happiness and health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2019;40(1):339\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"44","key":"5304_CR11","first-page":"214","volume":"12","author":"A Kangal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kangal A. Mutluluk \u00fczerine kavramsal bir de\u011ferlendirme ve T\u00fcrk hanehalki i\u00e7in baz\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2013;12(44):214\u201333. https:\/\/izlik.org\/JA66ZA72XM.","journal-title":"Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi"},{"issue":"3","key":"5304_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909120939857","volume":"38","author":"A O\u2019Callaghan","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan A, Bickford B, Rea C, Fernando A, Malpas P. Happiness at the end of life: A qualitative study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2021;38(3):223\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049909120939857.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000231","volume":"17","author":"JT Larsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Larsen JT, Hershfield HE, Stastny BJ, Heste N. On the relationship between positive and negative affect: Their correlation and their co-occurrence. Emotion. 2017;17(2):323\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0000231.","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"5304_CR14","unstructured":"Veenhoven R, Happiness. The Psychologist. 2003. Retrieved from http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1765\/8674."},{"issue":"7","key":"5304_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12980","volume":"72","author":"L Cottrell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cottrell L. Joy and happiness: A simultaneous and evolutionary concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72(7):1506\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.12980.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"5304_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurniati N, Atikasari F The happiness level of students from Borneo. 4th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and, Humanities. ACPCH (2018). Atlantis Press. 2019:57\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/acpch-18.2019.14.","DOI":"10.2991\/acpch-18.2019.14"},{"key":"5304_CR17","unstructured":"Lopez SJ, Pedrotti JT, Snyder CR. Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Sage publications; 2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"5304_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mnl.2019.04.001","volume":"17","author":"K Hanrahan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hanrahan K, Gonzalez K, Happiness. The highest form of health. Nurse Lead. 2019;17(4):308\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mnl.2019.04.001.","journal-title":"Nurse Lead"},{"key":"5304_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37609\/akya.3102","volume-title":"Pozitif psikoloji ba\u011flam\u0131nda mutluluk psikolojisi","author":"Y \u00d6zen","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zen Y. Pozitif psikoloji ba\u011flam\u0131nda mutluluk psikolojisi. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi; 2024."},{"key":"5304_CR20","unstructured":"Pednekar S, Kulkarni DR, Mahanwar PMA. Psychology semester- II (CBCS) psychology paper- course VIII (Core Course) positive psychology (Ed. Naresh Tambe). Mumbai University Press. 2022. Accessed from: https:\/\/mu.ac.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Positive-Psychology-English-Version.pdf."},{"key":"5304_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010072010360","volume":"1","author":"R Veenhoven","year":"2000","unstructured":"Veenhoven R. The four qualities of life. J Happiness Stud. 2000;1:1\u201339.","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.34","volume":"55","author":"E Diener","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diener E. Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. Am Psychol. 2000;55(1):34.","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"5304_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(02)00168-8","volume":"88","author":"DG Blanchflower","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blanchflower DG, Oswald AJ. Well-being over time in Britian and USA. J Public Econ. 2004;88:1359\u201386.","journal-title":"J Public Econ"},{"key":"5304_CR24","unstructured":"Evcimen UC. Mutluluk D\u00fczeyinin Ki\u015filik \u00d6zellikleri, Dini Y\u00f6nelim Bi\u00e7imi ve Demografik \u00d6zelliklerle \u0130li\u015fkisi, Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Klinik Psikoloji Anabilim Dal\u0131, Lefko\u015fa. 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12377","volume":"15","author":"JH Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JH, Choi E, Kim N, Choi I. Older people are not always happier than younger people: The moderating role of personality. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2023;15(1):275\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aphw.12377.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well Being"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951521000262","volume":"20","author":"TS Beng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beng TS, Ghee WK, Hui NY, Yin OC, Kelvin KWS, Yiling ST, Huey TA, Capelle DP, Zainuddin SI, Chin LE, Loong LC. Happiness at the end of life: A qualitative study. Palliat Support Care. 2022;20(1):69\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1478951521000262.","journal-title":"Palliat Support Care"},{"issue":"20","key":"5304_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10800","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010800","volume":"18","author":"SKZ Badri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badri SKZ, Kong MY, Wan Mohd Yunus WMA, Nordin NA, Yap WM. Trait emotional intelligence and happiness of young adults: The mediating role of perfectionism. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(20):10800.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"59","key":"5304_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.15285\/maruaebd.1348163","volume":"59","author":"Y Aky\u0131l","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aky\u0131l Y. \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin mutluluk d\u00fczeylerinin yorday\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131: Empati ve duygusal zek\u00e2. Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Atat\u00fcrk E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi E\u011fitim. Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;59(59):161\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15285\/maruaebd.1348163.","journal-title":"Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"12","key":"5304_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1745","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1745","volume":"8","author":"MR Hatamnejad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hatamnejad MR, Hosseinpour M, Shiati S, Seifaee A, Sayari M, Seyyedi F, Lankarani KB, Ghahramani S. Emotional intelligence and happiness in clinical medical students: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Health Sci Rep. 2023;8(12):e1745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hsr2.1745.","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01343-8","volume":"14","author":"S Polatc\u0131","year":"2023","unstructured":"Polatc\u0131 S, Antalyal\u0131 \u00d6L, Alparslan AM, Yast\u0131o\u011flu S. Young people\u2019s happiness in the context of negative life events and coping strategies: A latent profile and latent class analysis. BMC Psychol. 2023;14(1):335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-023-01343-8.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20210364","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765202220210364","volume":"13","author":"LM Demenech","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demenech LM, Almeida RB, Neiva-Silva L, Dumith SC. Does money buy happiness? Disentangling the association between income, happiness and stress. Acad Bras Cienc. 2022;13(2):e20210364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0001-3765202220210364.","journal-title":"Acad Bras Cienc"},{"key":"5304_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-008-9104-7","volume":"11","author":"HH Schiffrin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schiffrin HH, Nelson SK. Stressed and happy? Investigating the relationship between happiness and perceived stress. J Happiness Stud. 2010;11:33\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-008-9104-7.","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR33","first-page":"132","volume":"2","author":"KA King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianous A, Singh M. A study of stress, social support, and perceived happiness among college students. J Happiness Well-being. 2014;2(2):132\u201344.","journal-title":"J Happiness Well-being"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2019.1657871","volume":"69","author":"R Calderon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calderon R, Pupanead S, Prachakul W, Kim G. Happiness, perceived stress, psychological well-being, and health behaviors of Thai university students: preliminary results from a multinational study on well-being. J Am Coll Health. 2019;69(2):176\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2019.1657871.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"5304_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.101.3.685-696","volume":"101","author":"S Staats","year":"2007","unstructured":"Staats S, Cosmar D, Kaffenberger J. Sources of happiness and stress for college students: A replication and comparison over 20 years. Psychol Rep. 2007;101(3):685\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.101.3.685-696.","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"5304_CR36","unstructured":"\u00c7apan BE. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015famak: Stres ve ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma. Ya\u015fl\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi. 2016;9(2):33\u201347."},{"issue":"5","key":"5304_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22533","volume":"33","author":"K Rechsteiner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rechsteiner K, Maercker A, Heim E, Meili I. Metaphors for trauma: A cross-cultural qualitative comparison in Brazil, India, Poland and Switzerland. J Trauma Stress. 2020;33(5):643\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22533.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12954","volume":"59","author":"Q Hui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hui Q, Kong F, Lin S, Li Y, You X. Can orange colour facilitate the processing of happiness? An exploration study on happiness metaphor. Int J Psychol. 2024;59(1):111\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijop.12954.","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327868ms1101_3","volume":"11","author":"LE Marks","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marks LE. On perceptual metaphors. Metaphor and Symbol. 1996;11(1):39\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327868ms1101_3.","journal-title":"Metaphor Symbolic Activity"},{"key":"5304_CR40","unstructured":"Lakoff G, Johnson M. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1980."},{"key":"5304_CR41","unstructured":"Aksan Y, Akk\u00f6k EA, Aksan M. Kavramsal metafor ve metonimi \u00fczerine uygulamalar. Toros \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131; 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"L Eraslan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eraslan L. Sosyolojik metaforlar. Akademik bak\u0131\u015f dergisi. 2022;27(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Akademik bak\u0131\u015f dergisi"},{"key":"5304_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.02.015","volume":"118","author":"F Safarnejad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Safarnejad F, Ho-Abdullah I, Awal NM. A cognitive study of happiness metaphors in Persian and English. Procedia- Social Behav Sci. 2014;118:110\u20137. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/275543626_A_Cognitive_Study_of_Happiness_Metaphors_in_Persian_and_English. Accessed from: 5 July 2023.","journal-title":"Procedia- Social Behav Sci"},{"key":"5304_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu N. Metaphorical expressions of anger and happiness in English and Chinese. Metaphor and Symb Act. 1995;10(2):59\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327868ms1002_1.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327868ms1002_1"},{"key":"5304_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833987","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2022.833987","volume":"23","author":"E Demke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Demke E. The vulnerability-stress-model-holding up the construct of the faulty individual in the light of challenges to the medical model of mental distress. Front Sociol. 2022;23:7, 833987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsoc.2022.833987.","journal-title":"Front Sociol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5304_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0017.2006.00285.x","volume":"21","author":"JR Gibbs","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gibbs JR, Raymond W. Metaphor interpretation as embodied simulation. Mind Lang. 2006;21(3):434\u201358.","journal-title":"Mind Lang"},{"issue":"171","key":"5304_CR47","first-page":"100","volume":"35","author":"MM Arslan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arslan MM, Bayrak\u00e7\u0131 M. Metaforik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve \u00f6\u011frenme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmesi. Milli E\u011fitim. 2006;35(171):100\u20138.","journal-title":"Milli E\u011fitim"},{"key":"5304_CR48","unstructured":"Creswell JW. Nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri be\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma deseni. Translated by Mesut B\u00fct\u00fcn, Sel\u00e7uk Be\u015fir Demir. Siyasal Kitabevi; 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR49","first-page":"153","volume":"20","author":"M Tekindal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tekindal M, U\u011fuz Arsu \u015e. Nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi olarak fenomenolojik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kapsam\u0131 ve s\u00fcrecine y\u00f6nelik bir derleme. Ufkun \u00d6tesi Bilim Dergisi. 2020;20(1):153\u201372. https:\/\/izlik.org\/JA57RB73XM.","journal-title":"Ufkun \u00d6tesi Bilim Dergisi"},{"key":"5304_CR50","volume-title":"\u00d6rneklendirilmi\u015f bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri (Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 5.bs)","author":"V S\u00f6nmez","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00f6nmez V, Alacap\u0131nar FG. \u00d6rneklendirilmi\u015f bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri (Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f 5.bs). Ankara: An\u0131 Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k; 2017."},{"key":"5304_CR51","volume-title":"Qualitative research methods in the social sciences","author":"A Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m A, \u015eim\u015fek H. Qualitative research methods in the social sciences. Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Publishing; 2013."},{"issue":"\u2013zel Say\u2013 2","key":"5304_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.18037\/ausbd.1227345","volume":"22","author":"H Yal\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n H. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma deseni olarak fenomenoloji. Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;22(2):213\u201332. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18037\/ausbd.1227345","journal-title":"Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi"},{"key":"5304_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moustakas C. Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage; 1994.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412995658"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.57115\/karefad.1331759","volume":"11","author":"M \u00d6zdemir","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir M, Tuti G. Nitel ara\u015ft\u0131rma desenleri: Metodolojik bir temellendirme. \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Karatekin \u00dcniversitesi Karatekin Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi. Dergisi. 2023;11(2):217\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57115\/karefad.1331759.","journal-title":"Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01506-z","volume":"41","author":"A G\u00f6k","year":"2022","unstructured":"G\u00f6k A, Kar A. Individuals\u2019 conceptions of COVID-19 pandemic through metaphor analysis. Curr Psychol. 2022;41(1):449\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-021-01506-z.","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR56","first-page":"323","volume":"11","author":"M \u00d6zdemir","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir M. Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde y\u00f6ntembilim sorunsal\u0131 \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma. Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2010;11(1):323\u201343. https:\/\/izlik.org\/JA58SW87AG.","journal-title":"Eski\u015fehir Osmangazi \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi"},{"issue":"3","key":"5304_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.21547\/jss.256704","volume":"15","author":"G Ekici","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ekici G. \u00d6\u011fretmen adaylar\u0131n\u0131n Bilgisayar kavram\u0131na ili\u015fkin metaforik alg\u0131lar\u0131. Gaziantep \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2016;15(3):755\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21547\/jss.256704.","journal-title":"Gaziantep \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi"},{"key":"5304_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sara\u00e7 H. Ortaokul 8. s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ak\u0131ll\u0131 tahta ve cep telefonu hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri: Metafor analizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Pamukkale \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi. 2019;45(45):22\u201337. https:\/\/izlik.org\/JA89XZ32LA.","DOI":"10.9779\/PUJE.2018.224"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.34137\/jilses.1496902","volume":"10","author":"E Kalkan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalkan E, G\u00fcven M. Psikolojik dan\u0131\u015fman adaylar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ilk psikolojik dan\u0131\u015fma oturumunun yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 fenomenolojik analizi. J Int Lingual Social Educational Sci. 2024;10(2):102\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34137\/jilses.1496902.","journal-title":"J Int Lingual Social Educational Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/10926488.2022.2091446","volume":"38","author":"S Rossi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rossi S, Maercker A, Heim E. Metaphors and related expressions in older adults in the field of trauma and stress-related disorders: A scoping review. Metaphor Symbol. 2023;38(1):50\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10926488.2022.2091446.","journal-title":"Metaphor Symbol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/10926488.2013.768498","volume":"28","author":"Z K\u00f6vecses","year":"2013","unstructured":"K\u00f6vecses Z. The metaphor\u2013metonymy relationship: Correlation metaphors are based on metonymy. Metaphor Symbol. 2013;28(2):75\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10926488.2013.768498.","journal-title":"Metaphor Symbol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5304_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2023.2181314","volume":"37","author":"Omid Khatin-Zadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khatin-Zadeh O, Hu J, Banaruee H, Marmolejo-Ramos F. How emotions are metaphorically embodied: measuring hand and head action strengths of typical emotional states. Cognition and Emotion. 2023;37(3):486\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2023.2181314","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"5304_CR63","unstructured":"Miles MB, Huberman AM. Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage; 1994."},{"issue":"46","key":"5304_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.46928\/iticusbe.1176444","volume":"22","author":"M \u0130lerisoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u0130lerisoy M. Yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 fenomenolojik analiz. \u0130stanbul Ticaret \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;22(46):509\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46928\/iticusbe.1176444.","journal-title":"\u0130stanbul Ticaret \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi"},{"issue":"5","key":"5304_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y","volume":"42","author":"LA Palinkas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palinkas LA, Horwitz SM, Green CA, Wisdom JP, Duan N, Hoagwood K. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Adm Policy Ment Health. 2015;42(5):533\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-013-0528-y.","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"5304_CR66","volume-title":"Qualitative research & evaluation methods","author":"MQ Patton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patton MQ. Qualitative research & evaluation methods. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications; 2002.","edition":"3"},{"key":"5304_CR67","unstructured":"Kaya S. Zorunlu uzaktan e\u011fitimde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan sorunlar: \u00d6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri. In VIIth International Eurasian Educational Research Congress. 2020:10\u201313."},{"key":"5304_CR68","unstructured":"WordArt.com. Create word art online. 2024. Retrieved from. https:\/\/wordart.com\/create."},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.86.2.103","volume":"86","author":"J Zubin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Zubin J, Spring B, Vulnerability. A new view of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1977;86(2):103.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5304_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084315","volume":"19","author":"RL Woodgate","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woodgate RL, Tennent P, Legras N. Understanding youth\u2019s lived experience of anxiety through metaphors: A qualitative, arts-based study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(8):4315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18084315.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000211","volume":"41","author":"CT Beck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beck CT. Posttraumatic stress disorder after birth: A metaphor analysis. MCN: Am J Maternal Child Health. 2016;41(2):76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMC.0000000000000211.","journal-title":"MCN: Am J Maternal Child Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"5304_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2021.1910759","volume":"42","author":"CT Beck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beck CT. Subsequent childbirth after a previous birth trauma: A metaphor analysis. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2021;42(10):909\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01612840.2021.1910759.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"5304_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.26.4.219","volume":"26","author":"CT Beck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beck CT. The anniversary of birth trauma: A metaphor analysis. J Perinat Educ. 2017;26(4):219\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/1058-1243.26.4.219.","journal-title":"J Perinat Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"5304_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222817732465","volume":"80","author":"E Van Wijngaarden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Wijngaarden E, Leget C, Goossensen A, Pool R, The AM. A captive, a wreck, a piece of dirt: Aging anxieties embodied in older people with a death wish. OMEGA-Journal Death Dying. 2017;80(2):245\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0030222817732465.","journal-title":"OMEGA-Journal Death Dying"},{"issue":"5","key":"5304_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615211066692","volume":"60","author":"R Seligman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seligman R. Metaphor and the politics and poetics of youth distress in an evidence-based psychotherapy. Transcult Psychiatry. 2023;60(5):819\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13634615211066692.","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"5304_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.36731\/cg.1181287","volume":"5","author":"F \u00d6zsert","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6zsert F, Kazak M, \u00d6zdemir EA, \u00c7ok F. \u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin duygusal ihmal kavram\u0131na ili\u015fkin metaforik alg\u0131lar\u0131. \u00c7ocuk ve Geli\u015fim Dergisi. 2022;5(10):69\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36731\/cg.1181287.","journal-title":"\u00c7ocuk ve Geli\u015fim Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"5304_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327868ms0601_2","volume":"6","author":"Z K\u00f6vecses","year":"1991","unstructured":"K\u00f6vecses Z, Happiness. A definitional effort. Metaphor Symbolic Activity. 1991;6(1):29\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327868ms0601_2.","journal-title":"Metaphor Symbolic Activity"},{"issue":"5","key":"5304_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0516-6","volume":"78","author":"S Freddi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freddi S, Cretenet J, Dru V. Vertical metaphor with motion and judgment: A valenced congruency effect with fluency. Psychol Res. 2014;78(5):736\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00426-013-0516-6.","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"key":"5304_CR79","volume-title":"Aging and decision making: Empirical and applied perspectives","author":"J Strough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strough J, Parker AM, Bruine de Bruin W. Understanding life-span developmental changes in decision-making competence. In: Hess T, Strough J,L\u00f6ckenhoff C, editors. Aging and decision making: Empirical and applied perspectives. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic; 2015."},{"key":"5304_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim KTK, Yu R. Aging and wisdom: Age-related changes in economic and social decision making. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:120. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00120\/full.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00120"},{"issue":"6","key":"5304_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx160","volume":"21","author":"J Strough","year":"2019","unstructured":"Strough J, Bruine de Bruin W, Parker AM. Taking the biggest first: age differences in preferences for monetary and hedonic sequences. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;21(6):964\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbx160.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"5304_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.04.034","volume":"85","author":"R Delaney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Delaney R, Strough J, Parker AM, Bruine de Bruin WB. Variations in decision-making profiles by age and gender: A cluster-analytic approach. Pers Indiv Differ. 2015;85:19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2015.04.034.","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"3","key":"5304_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000073","volume":"31","author":"W Bruine de Bruin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bruine de Bruin W, Parker AM, Strough J. Choosing to be happy? Age differences in maximizing decision strategies and experienced emotional well-being. Psychol Aging. 2016;31(3):295\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pag0000073.","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"5304_CR84","unstructured":"American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). Teen brain: Behavior, problem solving, and decision making. 2017. https:\/\/www.aacap.org\/AACAP\/Families_and_Youth\/Facts_for_Families\/FFF-Guide\/The-Teen-Brain-Behavior-Problem-Solving-and-Decision-Making-095.aspx. Accessed 29 May 2024."},{"key":"5304_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.010","volume":"1124","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Casey BJ, Jones RM, Hare TA. The adolescent brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1124:111\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1440.010.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05304-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05304-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05304-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:46:48Z","timestamp":1788875208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05304-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05304-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Health Sciences Ethics Committee of \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 Karatekin University (Decision No: 4, Date: 15.12.2022). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1309"}}