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This study aimed to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of potential depression, anxiety, and suicidality among the young population in the Central Asian nation of Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2024 Kazakhstan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), a nationally representative, multi-stage probability sample. Potential depression and anxiety were screened using the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 instruments (cut-off \u2265\u20093), while suicidality was assessed via self-reported thoughts (past two weeks) or attempts (past 12 months). Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and modified Poisson regression models identified independent sociodemographic risk factors. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated to quantify the impact of associated risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 5,079 individuals aged 15\u201324 years. The weighted national prevalence was 1.70% (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.31\u20132.08) for potential depression, 1.59% (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.23\u20131.96) for potential anxiety, and 0.96% (95%CI\u2009=\u20090.65\u20131.27) for potential suicidality among the population aged 15\u201324 years. In adjusted analyses, female sex was the strongest predictor of both potential depression (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]\u2009=\u20092.72, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.55\u20134.79) and anxiety (aRR\u2009=\u20092.80, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.58\u20134.96). Non-Kazakh ethnicity was also significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (aRR\u2009=\u20091.88, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.17\u20133.02) and anxiety (aRR\u2009=\u20091.99, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.28\u20133.11). PAFs indicated that female sex accounted for 45.6% and 46.8% of the risk for depression and anxiety, respectively. No significant sociodemographic correlates were identified for suicidality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings provide the first nationally representative benchmarks for youth mental health in Kazakhstan. While prevalence rates are lower than global averages, the marked disparities by sex and ethnicity highlight the need for targeted, culturally sensitive mental health interventions. Strengthening early detection and resource allocation for these vulnerable subgroups is essential to meet national and Sustainable Development Goal targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-05618-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:56:56Z","timestamp":1790891816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["National prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of potential depression, anxiety, and suicidality among the young population in Kazakhstan: a national population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Stickley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanxuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Bj\u00f8rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5618_CR1","unstructured":"CDC. 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The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health. lancet Psychiatry. 2024;11(9):731\u201374.","journal-title":"lancet Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05618-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05618-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05618-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:10:58Z","timestamp":1790892658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05618-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-026-05618-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-7283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-7283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"We utilized de-identified data from public databases, which were obtained from UNICEF through their online platform. Ethical approval was the responsibility of the institutions that administered the survey, and the protocol was approved by the Health Media Lab (HML) Institutional Review Board (IRB) between 29 September and 8 October 2023. Verbal consent was obtained for each respondent participating and, for children age 15\u201317 years individually interviewed, adult consent was obtained in advance of the child\u2019s assent. All respondents were informed of the voluntary nature of participation and the confidentiality and anonymity of information.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1421"}}