{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:41:35Z","timestamp":1792665695680,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-017-0127-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T11:44:48Z","timestamp":1488455088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Dichloroacetic acid-induced testicular toxicity in male rats and the protective effect of date fruit extract"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"El Arem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Lahouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emna Behija","family":"Saafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Thouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Ghrairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohra","family":"Houas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadoua","family":"Neffati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotfi","family":"Achour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.1.1.6843","volume":"1","author":"RJ Aitken","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aitken RJ, Roman SD. Antioxidant systems and oxidative stress in the testes. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2008;1:15\u201324.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"127_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2005.06.004","volume":"21","author":"B Saradha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saradha B, Mathur PP. Effect of environmental contaminants on male reproduction. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006;21:34\u201341.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"127_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500121","volume":"10","author":"J Raymer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raymer J, Pellizari E, Childs B, Briggs K, Shoemaker J. Analytical methods for water disinfection byproducts in foods and beverages. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000;10:808\u201315.","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"127_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00080-X","volume":"35","author":"WW Wu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wu WW, Benjamin MM, Korshin GV. Effects of thermal treatment on halogenated disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Water Res. 2001;35:3545\u201350.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"127_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2003.12.009","volume":"26","author":"M Mori","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mori M, Yamagata T, Goto T, Saito S, Momoi MY. Dichloroacetate treatment for mitochondrial cytopathy: Long-term effects in MELAS. Brain Dev. 2004;26:453\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"127_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1089","volume":"24","author":"L Spruijt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spruijt L, Naviaux RK, McGowan KA, Nyhan WL, Sheehan G, Haas RH, et al. Nerve conduction changes in patients with mitochondrial diseases treated with dichloroacetate. Muscle Nerve. 2001;24:916\u201324.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"127_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(81)90289-1","volume":"57","author":"R Katz","year":"1981","unstructured":"Katz R, Tai CN, Diener RM, McConnell RF, Semonick DE. Dichloroacetate, sodium: 3-month oral toxicity studies in rats and dogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1981;57:273\u201387.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"127_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33228-3","volume":"222","author":"EA Yount","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yount EA, Felten SY, O\u2019Connor BL, Peterson RG, Powell RS, Yum MN, et al. Comparison of the metabolic and toxic effects of 2-chloropropionate and dichloroacetat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1982;222:501\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"127_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90028-G","volume":"19","author":"GP Toth","year":"1992","unstructured":"Toth GP, Kelty KC, George EL, Read EJ, Smith MK. Adverse male reproductive effects following subchronic exposure of rats to sodium dichloroacetate. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992;19:57\u201363.","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(97)00031-2","volume":"11","author":"RE Linder","year":"1997","unstructured":"Linder RE, Klinefelter GR, Strader LF, Suarez JD, Roberts NL. Spermatotoxicity of dichloroacetic acid. Reprod Toxicol. 1997;11:681\u201386.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1081\/LESB-200030880","volume":"39","author":"MI Yousef","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yousef MI, Ismail AM, Baghdadi HH. Effect of isoflavones on reproductive performance, testosterone levels, lipid peroxidation and seminal plasma biochemistry of male rabbits. J Environ Sci Health B. 2004;39:819\u201333.","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health B"},{"key":"127_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.3.445","volume":"21","author":"HS Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang HS, Han DK, Kim JR, Sin JC. Effect of \u03b1-tocopherol on cadmium induced toxicity in rat testes and spermatogenesis. J Korean Med Sci. 2006;21:445\u201351.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"127_CR13","first-page":"191","volume":"49","author":"G Nagda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nagda G, Bhatt DK. Alleviation of lindane induced toxicity in testes of swisse mice (Mus musculus) by combined treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E and \u03b1\u2013lipoic acid. Indian J Exp Biol. 2011;49:191\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"127_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.12.008","volume":"332","author":"Y Kalender","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalender Y, Kaya S, Durak D, Uzun FG, Demir F. Protective effects of catechin and quercetin on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and testes-histoarchitecture induced by chlorpyrifos in male rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012;332:141\u20138.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"127_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/sajs.2013\/965","volume":"5","author":"K Dzobo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dzobo K, Naik YS. Effect of selenium on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and esterase activity in rat organs. South Afr J Sci. 2013;5:1\u20138.","journal-title":"South Afr J Sci"},{"key":"127_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.07.004","volume":"44","author":"MS Baliga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baliga MS, Baliga BRV, Kandathil SM, Bhat HP, Vayalil PK. A review of the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Res Int. 2011;44:1812\u201322.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"127_CR17","first-page":"483","volume":"7","author":"AH Rahmani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahmani AH, Aly SM, Ali H, Babiker AY, Srikar S, Khan AA. Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7:483\u201391.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"127_CR18","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Domestication of plants in the Old World","author":"D Zohary","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zohary D, Hopf M. Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. In: Domestication of plants in the Old World. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon; 1993. p. 157\u201362.","edition":"2"},{"key":"127_CR19","first-page":"193","volume":"7","author":"MB Ahmed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahmed MB, Hasona NAS, Selemain HAH. Protective effects of extract from dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and ascorbic acid on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Iran J Pharm Res. 2008;7:193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"127_CR20","first-page":"100","volume":"2","author":"GG Akunna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akunna GG, Saalu CL, Ogunmodede OS, Ogunlade B, Bello AJ. Aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) protects testes against atrazine-induced toxicity in rat. World J Life Sci Med Res. 2012;2:100\u20138.","journal-title":"World J Life Sci Med Res"},{"key":"127_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12025","volume":"45","author":"MS El-Neweshy","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Neweshy MS, El-Maddawy ZK, El-Sayed YS. Therapeutic effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen extract on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. Androl. 2013;45:369\u201378.","journal-title":"Androl"},{"key":"127_CR22","first-page":"14","volume":"22","author":"AF El-kott","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-kott AF, Sayed AA, El-Sayad SM, Abdoulrahman MH. The pharmaceutical effect of date palm fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) against amitraz-induced infertility in male rats. Adv Life Sci Technol. 2014;22:14\u201326.","journal-title":"Adv Life Sci Technol"},{"key":"127_CR23","first-page":"137","volume":"17","author":"SH Orabi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Orabi SH, Shawky SM. Effect of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds extracts on hematological, biochemical parameters and some fertility indices in male rats. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res. 2014;17:137\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Sci Basic Appl Res"},{"key":"127_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/009841099157115","volume":"58","author":"AB DeAngelo","year":"1999","unstructured":"DeAngelo AB, George MH, House DE. Hepatocarcinogenicity in the male B6C3F1 mouse following a lifetime exposure to dichloroacetic acid in the drinking water: Dose\u2013response determination and modes of action. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1999;58:485\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health"},{"key":"127_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90147-A","volume":"19","author":"FB Daniel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Daniel FB, DeAngelo AB, Stober JA, Olson GR, Page NP. Hepatocarcinogenicity of chloral hydrate, 2-chloroacetaldehyde, and dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse. Fund Appl Toxicol. 1992;19:159\u201368.","journal-title":"Fund Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR26","first-page":"176","volume":"2","author":"AA Al-Qarawi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Al-Qarawi AA, Mousa HM, Hamed-Ali BE, Abdel-Rahman H, El-Mougy SA. Protective effect of extracts from dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on carbon tetrachloride\u2013induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int J Appl Res Vet Med. 2004;2:176\u201380.","journal-title":"Int J Appl Res Vet Med"},{"key":"127_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","volume":"72","author":"MM Bradford","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248\u201354.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"127_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90489-1","volume":"161","author":"WE Beyer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beyer WE, Fridovich I. Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: Some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal Biochem. 1987;161:559\u201366.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"127_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","volume":"105","author":"H Aebi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121\u20136.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"127_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05015-1","volume":"105","author":"L Flohe","year":"1984","unstructured":"Flohe L, Gunzler WA. Assays of glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:114\u2013210.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"127_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","volume":"25","author":"J Sedlak","year":"1968","unstructured":"Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman\u2019s reagent. Anal Biochem. 1968;25:192\u2013205.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"127_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6","volume":"52","author":"AJ Buege","year":"1978","unstructured":"Buege AJ, Aust ST. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol. 1978;52:302\u201310.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"127_CR33","volume-title":"Technique Microscopique","author":"C Nezelof","year":"1972","unstructured":"Nezelof C, Golle H. Technique Microscopique. Paris, France: Flammarison; 1972."},{"key":"127_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90227-U","volume":"17","author":"JL Cicmanec","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cicmanec JL, Condie LW, Olson GR, Wang SR. 90-day toxicity study of dichloroacetate in dogs. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1991;17:376\u201389.","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(96)03510-X","volume":"114","author":"AB DeAngelo","year":"1996","unstructured":"DeAngelo AB, Daniel FB, Most BM, Olson GR. The carcinogenicity of dichloroacetic acid in the male Fischer 344 rat. Toxicol. 1996;114:207\u201321.","journal-title":"Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040000204","volume":"75","author":"O Takahashi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takahashi O, Oishi S. Testicular toxicity of dietary 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A) in F344 rat. Arch Toxicol. 2001;75:42\u201351.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.1481","volume":"7","author":"B Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie B, Li J, Zhu W. Pathological changes of testicular tissue in normal adult mice: A retrospective analysis. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7:654\u20136.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"127_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.149","volume":"57","author":"RI MacLachlan","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacLachlan RI, Meachem SJ, Stanton PG. deKretser DM, Pratis K, Robertson DM. Identification of specific sites of hormonal regulation in spermatogenesis in rats, monkey, and man. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2002;57:149\u201379.","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"127_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.019398","volume":"70","author":"JA Spaliviero","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spaliviero JA, Jimenez M, Allan CM, Handelsman DJ. Luteinizing hormone receptor-mediated effects on initiation of spermatogenesis in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice are replicated by testosterone. Biol Reprod. 2004;70:32\u20138.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"127_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(96)04331-5","volume":"106","author":"CL Potter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Potter CL, Chang LW, DeAngelo AB, Daniel FB. Effects of four trihalomethanes on DNA strand breaks, renal hyaline droplet formation and serum testosterone in male F-344 rats. Cancer Lett. 1996;106:235\u201342.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"127_CR41","first-page":"84","volume":"52","author":"S Sanghamitra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanghamitra S, Hazra J, Upadhyay SN, Singh RK, Amal RC. Arsenic induced toxicity on testicular tissue of mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;52:84\u201390.","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"127_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1174","volume":"145","author":"BT Akingbemi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akingbemi BT, Sottas CM, Koulova AI, Klinefelter GR, Hardy MP. Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis by xenoestrogens bisphenol A is associated with reduced pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion and decreased steroidogenic enzymes gene expression in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinol. 2004;145:592\u2013603.","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"127_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.01.008","volume":"232","author":"P Murugesan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murugesan P, Muthusamy T, Balasubramanian K, Arunakaran J. Effects of vitamins C and E on steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression in polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) exposed adult rat Leydig cells. Toxicol. 2007;232:170\u201382.","journal-title":"Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/68.1.164","volume":"68","author":"GR Klinefelter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klinefelter GR, Strader LF, Suarez JD, Roberts NL. Bromochloroacetic acid exerts qualitative effects on rat sperm: implications for a novel biomarker. Toxicol Sci. 2002;68:164\u201373.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"127_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.12.023","volume":"65","author":"A Arem El","year":"2014","unstructured":"El Arem A, Thouri A, Zekri M, Saafi EB, Ghrairi F, Zakhama AF, et al. Nephroprotective effect of date fruit extract against dichloroacetic acid exposure in adult rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;65:177\u201384.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.04.018","volume":"9","author":"A Arem El","year":"2014","unstructured":"El Arem A, Ghrairi F, Lahouar L, Thouri A, Saafi EB, Ayed A, et al. Hepatoprotective activity of date fruit extracts against dichloroacetic acid-induced liver damage in rats. J Funct Foods. 2014;9:119\u201330.","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"127_CR47","first-page":"543","volume-title":"Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. second reprint","author":"B Halliwell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. second reprint. Oxford: Clarendon; 1989. p. 543."},{"key":"127_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1992.tb03343.x","volume":"13","author":"V Peltola","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peltola V, Huhtaniemi I, Ahotupa M. Antioxidant enzyme activity in the maturing rat testes. J Androl. 1992;13:450\u20135.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"127_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(00)00145-4","volume":"52","author":"CCC Cheung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cheung CCC, Zheng GJ, Li AMY, Richardson BJ, Lam PKS. Relationship between tissue concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antioxidative responses of marine mussels Perna viridis. Aquat Toxicol. 2001;52:189\u2013203.","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1039\/B814990A","volume":"7","author":"AL Braga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Braga AL, Alberto EE, Soares LC, Rocha JBT, Sudati JH, Roos DH. Synthesis of telluroamino acid derivatives with remarkable GPx like activity. Org Biomol Chem. 2009;7:43\u20135.","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"127_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10986","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68544-3","volume":"256","author":"BA Freeman","year":"1981","unstructured":"Freeman BA, Crapo JD. Hyperoxia increases oxygen radical production in rat lung and lung mitochondria. J Biol Chem. 1981;256:10986\u201392.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"127_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.40","volume":"13","author":"PP Mathur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathur PP, D\u2019Cruz SC. The effect of environmental contaminants on testicular function. Asian J Androl. 2011;13:585\u201391.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"127_CR53","first-page":"30","volume":"2","author":"NC Sumedha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sumedha NC, Miltonprabu S. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) abrogates arsenic induced testicular oxidative stress in rats. Int J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;2:30\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.138867","volume":"7","author":"P Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma P, Ul Huq A, Singh R. Cypermethrin-induced reproductive toxicity in the rat is prevented by resveratrol. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2014;7:99\u2013107.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"127_CR55","first-page":"140","volume":"4","author":"R Nithya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nithya R, Elango V. Pesticide effect in male hormones and antioxidant status in male albino rats. J Acad Indus Res. 2015;4:140\u20133.","journal-title":"J Acad Indus Res"},{"key":"127_CR56","first-page":"156","volume":"5","author":"SA El-Mougy","year":"1991","unstructured":"El-Mougy SA, Abdel-Aziz SA, Al-Shanawany M, Omar A. The gonadotropic activity of Palmae in mature male rats. Alexandria J Pharmac Sci. 1991;5:156\u20139.","journal-title":"Alexandria J Pharmac Sci"},{"key":"127_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90076-U","volume":"8","author":"TM Bray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bray TM, Bettger WJ. The physiological role of zinc as an antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 1990;8:281\u201391.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"127_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2009.12.003","volume":"63","author":"M Shaban El-Neweshy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaban El-Neweshy M, Said E-SY. Influence of vitamin C supplementation on lead-induced histopathological alterations in male rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2011;63:221\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"127_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0419","volume":"333","author":"A Paolicchi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Paolicchi A, Pezzini A, Saviozzi M, Piaggi S, Andreuccetti M, Chieli E, et al. Localization of a GSH-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase in rat tissues and subcellular fractions. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996;333:489\u201395.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"127_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/10408397909527264","volume":"1","author":"FC Johnson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Johnson FC. The antioxidant vitamins. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1979;1:217\u2013309.","journal-title":"CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"127_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6185","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8006568","volume":"56","author":"OB Garcia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garcia OB, Castillo J. Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: new findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56:6185\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"127_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0581776","volume":"54","author":"YJ Hong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hong YJ, Tomas-Barberan FA, Kader AA, Mitchell AE. The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera). J Agric Food Chem. 2006;54:2405\u201311.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"127_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01211-4","volume":"468","author":"AJ Day","year":"2000","unstructured":"Day AJ, Canada FJ, Diaz JC, Kroon PA, Mclauchlan R, Faulds CB, et al. Dietary flavonoid and isoflavone glycosides are hydrolysed by the lactase site of lactase phlorizin hydrolase. FEBS Lett. 2000;468:166\u201370.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"127_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.A1100136","volume":"13","author":"BU Tong-liang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tong-liang BU, Yu-dong JIA, Jin-xing LIN, Yu-ling MI, Cai-qiao Z. Alleviative effect of quercetin on germ cells intoxicated by 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol from diesel exhaust articles. J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B). 2012;13:18\u2013326.","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ-Sci B)"},{"key":"127_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12159","volume":"46","author":"M Sonmez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonmez M, Turk G, Ceribasi S, Ciftci M, Yuce A, Guvenc M, et al. Quercetin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in rats. Androl. 2014;46:848\u201358.","journal-title":"Androl"},{"key":"127_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4777","volume":"27","author":"HN Michael","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michael HN, Salib JY, Eskander EF. Bioactivity of diosmetin glycosides isolated from the epicarp of date fruits, Phoenix dactylifera, on the biochemical profile of alloxan diabetic male rats. Phytother Res. 2013;27:699\u2013704.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"127_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00203-X","volume":"41","author":"AA Al-Qarawi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al-Qarawi AA, Ali BH, Al-Mougy SA, Mousa HM. Gastrointestinal transit in mice treated with various extracts of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41:37\u20139.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"127_CR68","first-page":"116","volume":"45","author":"MV Rao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rao MV, Bhatt RN. Protective effect of melatonin on fluoride-induced oxidative stress and testicular dysfunction in rats. Res Report Fluoride. 2012;45:116\u201324.","journal-title":"Res Report Fluoride"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-017-0127-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T23:10:15Z","timestamp":1750029015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcpharmacoltoxicol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40360-017-0127-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-017-0127-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]]},"article-number":"17"}}