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The Antarctic moss<jats:italic>Sanionia uncinata<\/jats:italic>is an important source of antioxidants and the photoprotective activity of its organic extracts has been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the potential photoprotection, cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity of residual aqueous fraction (AF) from the moss<jats:italic>S. uncinata<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>UV-visible spectrum and SPF (sun protection factor) were determined by spectrophotometry. Embryotoxicity potential was evaluated by Fish embryo-larval toxicity test using zebrafish (<jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>) as organism model. Cell death assays by water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were investigated using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line cultured in monolayers and three dimensions (3D). Phototoxicity and association with UV-filters were performed by 3T3 neutral red uptake test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AF showed sharp absorption bands in the UV region and less pronounced in the visible region. The SPF was low (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3), but the SPF values of benzophenone-3 and octyl-methoxycinnamate increased ~\u20093 and 4 times more, respectively, in association with AF. The AF did not induce significant lethal and sublethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages. In monolayers, the HaCaT cell viability, evaluated by WST-1, was above 70% by \u22640.4\u2009mg AF\/mL after 48 and 72-h exposure, whereas \u22641\u2009mg AF\/mL after 24-h exposure. The LDH assay showed that the cell viability was above 70% by \u22640.4\u2009mg AF\/mL even after 72-h exposure, but \u22641\u2009mg\/mL after 24 and 48-h exposure. In 3D cell culture, an increased cell resistance to toxicity was observed, because cell viability of HaCaT cell by WST-1 and LDH was above ~\u200990% when using \u22641 and 4\u2009mg AF\/mL, respectively. The AF demonstrated values of photo irritation factor\u2009&lt;\u20092 and of photo effect &lt;\u20090.1, even though in association with UV-filters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The residual AF absorbs UV-vis spectrum, increased SPF values of BP-3 and OMC and does not induce embryotoxicity to zebrafish early life-stage. The cell death assays allowed establishing non-toxic doses of AF and phototoxicity was not detected. AF of<jats:italic>S. uncinata<\/jats:italic>presents a good potential for skin photoprotection against UV-radiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-019-0353-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T01:02:34Z","timestamp":1576717354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the acute toxicity, phototoxicity and embryotoxicity of a residual aqueous fraction from extract of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia","family":"da Silva Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara Barroso","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Augusto Rodrigues","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa Raquel Anast\u00e1cio","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heitor","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz","family":"Mazzei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Felzenszwalb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2003.12.012","volume":"22","author":"A Uliasz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Uliasz A, Spencer JM. 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