{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:49:24Z","timestamp":1772819364263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Timolol Maleate is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker that is commonly used to treat open-angle glaucoma. Despite its topical administration, ophthalmic timolol enters systemic circulation and produces a systemic beta-adrenergic blockade. We report a case of long-term timolol use that uncovered and worsened an underlying cardiac conduction defect demonstrated as a third degree atrioventricular (AV) block.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 62-year old male with a 13-year history of glaucoma was hospitalized due to shortness of breath, dizziness, and amaurosis. Electrocardiography indicated a heart rate (HR) of 29\u2009bpm with complete atrioventricular (AV) block, and the HR was significantly increased with the treatment of isoprenaline. However, the patient experienced bradycardic episodes (\u2212\u200920 \u0394bpm) immediately after self-administration of timolol eye drops. The AV block and bradycardia resolved 48-h after timolol cessation. The man was discharged 1 week later with an asymptomatic first-degree A-V block. However, he presented with a worsened A-V block at his one-year checkup.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conclude that chronic topical timolol administration may aggravate a cardiac conduction defect leading to an AV block that is only temporarily resolved by timolol cessation. Patients taking timolol should be routinely monitored for cardiovascular aberrations and if any detected, immediately discontinue timolol therapy. Individuals experiencing timolol induced cardiovascular side effects should receive long term follow-up even if symptoms resolve, as they may be indicative of an underlying conduction defect.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-019-0370-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T10:09:09Z","timestamp":1575281349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Complete atrioventricular block due to timolol eye drops: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuecui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Kapusta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongliang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0431-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"370_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810293391808","volume":"339","author":"WL Alward","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alward WL. 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He gave the consent of publishing other potentially identifying information as well.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"73"}}