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This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiotoxicity induced by bupivacaine on Langendorff rat heart preparation and the role of alpha 2 adrenoceptors in this process was explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hearts of rat were isolated, mounted on a Langendorff system. Five experimental groups were assessed after 10\u2009min Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) infusions as follow: (1) Group Con, only KHB was perfused; (2) Group Dex, KHB was perfused for 5\u2009min, then dexmedetomidine (10\u2009nmol\/L) was added; (3) Group Bupi, KHB was perfused for 25\u2009min, then bupivacaine (50\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) was added; (4) Group Bupi + Dex, KHB was perfused for 5\u2009min, then the dexmedetomidine (10\u2009nmol\/L) was added for 20\u2009min, at last a mixture of KHB\u2009+\u2009dexmedetomidine + bupivacaine were perfused; (5) Group Bupi + Dex\u2009+\u2009Yoh, a combination of KHB\u2009+\u2009yohimbine (alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonists, 1\u2009\u03bcmol\/L) was perfusion for 5\u2009min, then dexmedetomidine (10\u2009nmol\/L) was added for 20\u2009min, at last a mixture of KHB\u2009+\u2009yohimbine + dexmedetomidine + bupivacaine was perfused. The experimental perfusion was maintained for 35\u2009min in group Con and group Dex, and the experimental perfusion was sustained until asystole in the other three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with group Bupi, dexmedetomidine significantly increased the time to first arrhythmia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001) and time to asystole (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001) in group Bupi + Dex. In addition, dexmedetomidine also significantly increased the time to 25, 50 and 75% reductions in heart rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001) and the time to 25, 50 and 75% reductions in rate-pressure product (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.001) in group Bupi + Dex. Dexmedetomidine increased the cardiac tissue bupivacaine content when asystole (Bupi + Dex vs. Bupi, 58.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3 vs. 46.8\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6\u2009nmol\/g,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). The benefit of dexmedetomidine on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity were not eliminated by yohimbine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dexmedetomidine could delay the occurrence of bupivacaine-induced arrhythmia and asystole in the isolated rat hearts, but the alpha 2 adrenoceptors were not involved in this process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-019-0371-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T14:03:34Z","timestamp":1574345014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dexmedetomidine enhances tolerance to bupivacaine cardiotoxicity in the isolated rat hearts: alpha 2 adrenoceptors were not involved"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3331-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangfang","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhousheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xixi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linmin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoyao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9345-1737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d231b9","volume":"35","author":"JF Butterworth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Butterworth JF. 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