{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:00:19Z","timestamp":1793750419711,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Testicular torsion is a pathological condition which needs emergency surgical intervention. However, after surgical reperfusion, oxidative stress factors cause to germ cell apoptosis.\u00a0The study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous use of Cyclosporine A (CsA) and Nortriptyline (Nort) to repair testicular damages in an experimental torsion\/detorsion (T\/D) rat model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Male rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009112) were allocated into 7 groups 16 each in; (Group 1); Control group, (Group 2); T\/D group, (Group 3\u20134); CsA 1 and 5\u00a0mg\/kg, (Group 5\u20136); Nort 2 and 10\u00a0mg\/kg and (Group 7); concurrent group, CsA (1\u00a0mg\/kg)\u2009+\u2009Nort (2\u00a0mg\/kg). Right uni-lateral torsion was inducted by twisting testis 720 degrees in the clockwise direction for 1\u00a0h. For short-term and mid-term studies, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, caspase-3 level, histopathological changes and germ cell apoptosis were evaluated. Moreover, in long-term investigation, semen analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After T\/D induction, testis abnormalities both functional and structural were appeared. Pre- and post-treatment with CsA and Nort, separately, reduced MDA and caspase-3 levels, normalized antioxidant levels, ameliorate tissue injury and improved sperm criteria.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic characteristics of CsA and Nort and their protective effects have been shown in our study. Concurrent administration of CsA and Nort in selected low-dose indicated a significant positive effect as compared to the individual drug interventions on the reversal of T\/D induced oxidative stress in short-term, apoptosis, and histologic changes in mid-term, as well as semen criteria in the long-term appraisal.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00601-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1659683019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Beneficial effects of Cyclosporine A in combination with Nortriptyline on germ cell-specific apoptosis, oxidative stress and epididymal sperm qualities following testicular ischemia\/reperfusion in rats: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Iraj","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheleh","family":"Majdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Ghasemnejad-berenji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Reza","family":"Dehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"601_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-008-0243-6","volume":"26","author":"A Beheshtian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beheshtian A, Salmasi AH, Payabvash S, Kiumehr S, Ghazinezami B, Rahimpour S, Tavangar SM, Dehpour AR. Protective effects of sildenafil administration on testicular torsion\/detorsion damage in rats. World J Urol. 2008;26:197\u2013202.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"601_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yazdani I, Ghazi\u2010Khansari M, Saeedi Saravi SS, Nobakht M, Majdani R, Rezayat SM, Mousavi SE, Yari A, Dehpour AR. Nortriptyline protects testes against germ cell apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by testicular ischaemia\/reperfusion. Andrologia. 2017;49(2):e12605.","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12605"},{"key":"601_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2019.104271","volume":"110","author":"I Yazdani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yazdani I, Majdani R, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M, Dehpour AR. Comparison of multiple doses of cyclosporine A on germ cell apoptosis and epididymal sperm parameters after testicular ischemia\/reperfusion in rats. Exp Mol Pathol. 2019;110:104271.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"601_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1159\/000020060","volume":"36","author":"A Ko\u015far","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ko\u015far A, K\u00fcpeli B, Al\u00e7\u0131g\u0131r G, Ataoglu H, Sar\u0131ca K, K\u00fcpeli S. Immunologic aspect of testicular torsion: detection of antisperm antibodies in contralateral testicle. Eur Urol. 1999;36:640\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"601_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12846","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12846","volume":"50","author":"M Ghasemnejad-Berenji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghasemnejad-Berenji M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Yazdani I, Nobakht M, Abdollahi A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Mohajer Ansari J, Pashapour S, Dehpour A. Effect of metformin on germ cell-specific apoptosis, oxidative stress and epididymal sperm quality after testicular torsion\/detorsion in rats. Andrologia. 2018;50:e12846.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"601_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.09.013","volume":"1813","author":"KW Kinnally","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kinnally KW, Peixoto PM, Ryu SY, Dejean LM. Is mPTP the gatekeeper for necrosis, apoptosis, or both? Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1813:616\u201322.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"601_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-008-0323-7","volume":"27","author":"M Bozlu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bozlu M, Acar D, Cayan S, Aktas S, Tunckiran A. Protective effect of trapidil on long-term histologic damage in a rat model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. World J Urol. 2009;27:117\u201322.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"601_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.718","volume":"65","author":"JJ Lysiak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lysiak JJ, Turner SD, Nguyen QA, Singbartl K, Ley K, Turner TT. Essential role of neutrophils in germ cell-specific apoptosis following ischemia\/reperfusion injury of the mouse testis. Biol Reprod. 2001;65:718\u201325.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"601_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv097","volume":"106","author":"LK Seidlmayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seidlmayer LK, Juettner VV, Kettlewell S, Pavlov EV, Blatter LA, Dedkova EN. Distinct mPTP activation mechanisms in ischaemia-reperfusion: contributions of Ca2+, ROS, pH, and inorganic polyphosphate. Cardiovasc Res. 2015;106:237\u201348.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"601_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.010999","volume":"128","author":"BS Tiwari","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tiwari BS, Belenghi B, Levine A. Oxidative stress increased respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in ATP depletion, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition, and programmed cell death. Plant Physiol. 2002;128:1271\u201381.","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"601_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441. e441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2021.04.014","volume":"17","author":"A Jafari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jafari A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Nemati M, Pashapour S, Sadeghpour S, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Beneficial effects of memantine on ischemia\/reperfusion injury following torsion\/detorsion induced testicular damage in rats: Improvement in histological and biochemical parameters. J Pediatr Urol. 2021;17:441. e441-441. e447.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"601_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.10.023","volume":"20","author":"T Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu T, Ding W, Ao X, Chu X, Wan Q, Wang Y, Xiao D, Yu W, Li M, Yu F. ARC regulates programmed necrosis and myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury through the inhibition of mPTP opening. Redox Biol. 2019;20:414\u201326.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"601_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80616-O","volume":"304","author":"KM Brockemeier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brockemeier KM, Carpenter-Deyo L, Reed DJ, Pfeiffer DR. Cyclosporin A protects hepatocytes subjected to high Ca 2+ and oxidative stress. FEBS Lett. 1992;304:192\u20134.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"601_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.153213","volume":"330","author":"S Javadov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Javadov S, Karmazyn M, Escobales N. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening as a promising therapeutic target in cardiac diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;330:670\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"601_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.06.033","volume":"86","author":"BG Leshnower","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leshnower BG, Kanemoto S, Matsubara M, Sakamoto H, Hinmon R, Gorman JH 3rd, Gorman RC. Cyclosporine preserves mitochondrial morphology after myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion independent of calcineurin inhibition. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:1286\u201392.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"601_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91465-Q","volume":"595","author":"Y Shiga","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shiga Y, Onodera H, Matsuo Y, Kogure K. Cyclosporin A protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain. Brain Res. 1992;595:145\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"601_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2009.10.001","volume":"10","author":"KG Norman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norman KG, Canter JA, Shi M, Milne GL, Morrow JD, Sligh JE. Cyclosporine A suppresses keratinocyte cell death through MPTP inhibition in a model for skin cancer in organ transplant recipients. Mitochondrion. 2010;10:94\u2013101.","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"601_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00380-8","volume":"101","author":"PG Sullivan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sullivan PG, Rabchevsky AG, Hicks RR, Gibson TR, Fletcher-Turner A, Scheff SW. Dose-response curve and optimal dosing regimen of cyclosporin A after traumatic brain injury in rats. Neuroscience. 2000;101:289\u201395.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"601_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70342-X","volume":"62","author":"B Gabryel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gabryel B, Bielecka A, Stolecka A, Bernacki J, Langfort J. Cytosolic phospholipase A 2 inhibition is involved in the protective effect of nortriptyline in primary astrocyte cultures exposed to combined oxygen-glucose deprivation. Pharmacol Rep. 2010;62:814\u201326.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"601_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2004.950304.x","volume":"95","author":"SS Hsu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hsu SS, Huang CJ, Chen JS, Cheng HH, Chang HT, Jiann BP, Lin KL, Wang JL, Ho CM, Jan CR. Effect of nortriptyline on intracellular Ca2+ handling and proliferation in human osteosarcoma cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;95:124\u201330.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"601_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200306000-00009","volume":"98","author":"D Strumper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strumper D, Durieux ME, Hollmann MW, Troster B, den Bakker CG, Marcus MA. Effects of antidepressants on function and viability of human neutrophils. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:1356\u201362.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"601_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.5.1465","volume":"63","author":"JJ Lysiak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lysiak JJ, Turner SD, Turner TT. Molecular pathway of germ cell apoptosis following ischemia\/reperfusion of the rat testis. Biol Reprod. 2000;63:1465\u201372.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"601_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.6.1267","volume":"57","author":"TT Turner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Turner TT, Tung KS, Tomomasa H, Wilson LW. Acute testicular ischemia results in germ cell-specific apoptosis in the rat. Biol Reprod. 1997;57:1267\u201374.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"601_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.063","volume":"43","author":"S Payabvash","year":"2008","unstructured":"Payabvash S, Kiumehr S, Tavangar SM, Dehpour AR. Ethyl pyruvate reduces germ cell-specific apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat model of testicular torsion\/detorsion. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:705\u201312.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"601_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1961.tb01101.x","volume":"17","author":"H Collier","year":"1961","unstructured":"Collier H, Warner B, Skerry R. Multiple toe-pinch method for testing analgesic drugs. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1961;17:28\u201340.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol Chemother"},{"key":"601_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trounce IA, Kim YL, Jun AS, Wallace DC. Assessment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in patient muscle biopsies, lymphoblasts, and transmitochondrial cell lines.\u00a0Methods Enzymol. 1996;264:484\u2013509. (Academic press)","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)64044-0"},{"key":"601_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06937-7","volume":"27","author":"A Jafari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jafari A, Karimipour M, Khaksar MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Protective effects of orally administered thymol against titanium dioxide nanoparticle\u2013induced testicular damage. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27:2353\u201360.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"601_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2014.09.006","volume":"67","author":"M Motaghinejad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Motaghinejad M, Karimian M, Motaghinejad O, Shabab B, Yazdani I, Fatima S. Protective effects of various dosage of Curcumin against morphine induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat isolated hippocampus. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67:230\u20135.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"601_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jafari A, Andishfar N, Esmaeilzadeh Z, Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad\u2010Berenji M. Gastroprotective effect of topiramate on indomethacin\u2010induced peptic ulcer in rats: Biochemical and histological analyses. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022;130(5):559\u201368.","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13718"},{"key":"601_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128464","volume":"264","author":"M Ghasemnejad-Berenji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghasemnejad-Berenji M, Nemati M, Pourheydar B, Gholizadeh S, Karimipour M, Mohebbi I, Jafari A. Neurological effects of long-term exposure to low doses of pesticides mixtures in male rats: Biochemical, histological, and neurobehavioral evaluations. Chemosphere. 2021;264:128464.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"601_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95:351\u20138.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"601_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmadzadeh M, Esmaeilzadeh Z, Khezri MR, Jafari A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The Promising Effect of Topiramate on Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats. Aesthet Plast Surg. 2022:1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-02969-6"},{"key":"601_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86110-H","volume":"186","author":"F Paoletti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Paoletti F, Mocali A. Determination of superoxide dismutase activity by purely chemical system based on NAD (P) H oOxidation. Methods Enzymol. 1990;186:209\u201320.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"601_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","volume":"105","author":"H Aebi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:121\u20136.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"601_CR35","first-page":"158","volume":"70","author":"DE Paglia","year":"1967","unstructured":"Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 1967;70:158\u201369.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"601_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03659.1998","volume":"18","author":"S Namura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Namura S, Zhu J, Fink K, Endres M, Srinivasan A, Yuan J, Tomaselli KJ, Moskowitz MA. Activation and Cleavage of Caspase-3 in Apoptosis Induced by Experimental Cerebral Ischemia. J Neuroscie. 1998;18:3659\u201368.","journal-title":"J Neuroscie"},{"key":"601_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34793","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202191200","volume":"277","author":"SJ Clarke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Clarke SJ, McStay GP, Halestrap AP. Sanglifehrin A acts as a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition and reperfusion injury of the heart by binding to cyclophilin-D at a different site from cyclosporin A. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:34793\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"601_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0140","volume":"80","author":"S Ho","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ho S, Clipstone N, Timmermann L, Northrop J, Graef I, Fiorentino D, Nourse J, Crabtree GR. The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1996;80:S40\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"601_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:93:1-3:141","volume":"93","author":"K Yokoi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yokoi K, Uthus EO, Nielsen FH. Nickel deficiency diminishes sperm quantity and movement in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003;93:141\u201354.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"601_CR40","first-page":"905","volume":"20","author":"M Ghasemnejad-Berenji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemnejad-Berenji M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Yazdani I, Saravi SSS, Nobakht M, Abdollahi A, Ansari JM, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Pashapour S, Dehpour AR. Rapamycin protects testes against germ cell apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by testicular ischemia-reperfusion. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2017;20:905.","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"601_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jafari A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Nemati M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M: Topiramate. A novel protective agent against ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative injury after testicular torsion\/detorsion. Am J Emerg Med 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.03.060"},{"key":"601_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.146","volume":"93","author":"Z Kurcer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kurcer Z, Hekimoglu A, Aral F, Baba F, Sahna E. Effect of melatonin on epididymal sperm quality after testicular ischemia\/reperfusion in rats. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:1545\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"601_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1580-9","volume":"22","author":"JG Mogilner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mogilner JG, Lurie M, Coran AG, Nativ O, Shiloni E, Sukhotnik I. Effect of diclofenac on germ cell apoptosis following testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat. Pediatr Surg Int. 2006;22:99\u2013105.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"601_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2014.08.018","volume":"78","author":"AP Halestrap","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halestrap AP, Richardson AP. The mitochondrial permeability transition: a current perspective on its identity and role in ischaemia\/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015;78:129\u201341.","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"601_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704908","volume":"137","author":"HW Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen HW, Chien CT, Yu SL, Lee YT, Chen WJ. Cyclosporine A regulate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes: mechanisms via ROS generation, iNOS and Hsp70. BrJ pharmacol. 2002;137:771\u201381.","journal-title":"BrJ pharmacol"},{"key":"601_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.03.109","volume":"184","author":"SJ Jeong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jeong SJ, Choi WS, Chung JS, Baek M, Hong SK, Choi H. Preventive effects of cyclosporine a combined with prednisolone and melatonin on contralateral testicular damage after ipsilateral torsion-detorsion in pubertal and adult rats. J Urol. 2010;184:790\u20136.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"601_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-008-9453-5","volume":"41","author":"BG Nezami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nezami BG, Rahimpour S, Gholipour T, Payabvash S, Rahimian R, Tavangar SM, Emami-Razavi SH, Dehpour AR. Protective effects of immunophilin ligands on testicular torsion\/detorsion damage in rats. Int Urol Nephrol. 2009;41:93\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"601_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3410233","volume":"341","author":"M Crompton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crompton M. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in cell death. Biochem J. 1999;341(Pt 2):233\u201349.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"601_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118159","volume":"96","author":"TD Batiuk","year":"1995","unstructured":"Batiuk TD, Pazderka F, Enns J, DeCastro L, Halloran PF. Cyclosporine inhibition of calcineurin activity in human leukocytes in vivo is rapidly reversible. J Clin Investig. 1995;96:1254.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"601_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2006.09.013","volume":"42","author":"VG Sharov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sharov VG, Todor A, Khanal S, Imai M, Sabbah HN. Cyclosporine A attenuates mitochondrial permeability transition and improves mitochondrial respiratory function in cardiomyocytes isolated from dogs with heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007;42:150\u20138.","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"601_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.496810","volume":"39","author":"WH Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang WH, Wang H, Wang X, Narayanan MV, Stavrovskaya IG, Kristal BS, Friedlander RM. Nortriptyline protects mitochondria and reduces cerebral ischemia\/hypoxia injury. Stroke. 2008;39:455\u201362.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"601_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0053","volume":"8","author":"H Amaike","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amaike H, Matsumoto K, Oka T, Nakamura T. Preventive effect of hepatocyte growth factor on acute side effects of cyclosporin A in mice. Cytokine. 1996;8:387\u201394.","journal-title":"Cytokine"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-022-00601-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-022-00601-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-022-00601-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T07:09:15Z","timestamp":1659683355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpharmacoltoxicol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40360-022-00601-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-022-00601-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee (NO. 92.02.10\u201366). The authors envisaged all standard protocols in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"59"}}