{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T03:26:47Z","timestamp":1771039607647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-024-00816-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T09:22:36Z","timestamp":1732526556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of melatonin on the prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zejun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guobin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0649-8","volume":"14","author":"G Bellelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellelli G, Morandi A, Di Santo SG, et al. Delirium day: a nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool. BMC Med. 2016;14:106.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl005","volume":"35","author":"N Siddiqi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Siddiqi N, House AO, Holmes JD. Occurrence and outcome of delirium in medical in-patients: asystematic literature review. Age Ageing. 2006;35:350\u201364.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","volume":"383","author":"SK Inouye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Westendorp RG, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet. 2014;383:911\u201322.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h2538","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538","volume":"350","author":"JI Salluh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salluh JI, Wang H, Schneider EB, et al. Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;350:h2538.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e062141","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062141","volume":"12","author":"M Igarashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Igarashi M, Okuyama K, Ueda N, et al. Incremental medical cost of delirium in elderly patients with cognitive impairment: analysis of a nationwide administrative database in Japan. BMJ Open. 2022;12:e062141.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2016.12.013","volume":"7","author":"JM FitzGerald","year":"2017","unstructured":"FitzGerald JM, O\u2019Regan N, Adamis D, et al. Sleep-wake cycle disturbances in elderly acute general medical inpatients: longitudinal relationship to delirium and dementia. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2017;7:61\u20138.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.03.017","volume":"264","author":"S Kyeong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kyeong S, Choi SH, Eun Shin J, et al. Functional connectivity of the circadian clock and neural substrates of sleep-wake disturbance in delirium. Psychiatry Res Neuroimag. 2017;264:10\u20132.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimag"},{"key":"816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84a.16077","volume":"84","author":"RP Thom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thom RP, Mock CK, Teslyar P. Delirium in hospitalized patients: risks and benefits of antipsychotics. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017;84:616\u201322.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.10.012","volume":"27","author":"EJ Schrijver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schrijver EJ, de Graaf K, de Vries OJ, Maier AB, Nanayakkara PW. Efficacy and safety of haloperidol for in hospital delirium prevention and treatment: a systematic review of current evidence. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;27:14\u201323.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2582","volume":"26","author":"T Al-Aama","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Aama T, Brymer C, Gutmanis I, et al. Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010;26(7):687\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.23736\/S0375-9393.24.17888-1","volume":"90","author":"AEA Elbakry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elbakry AEA, El-Desoky IM, Saafan AG, Elsersy HE. The impact of melatonin on postoperative delirium in geriatric patients after colorectal surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2024;90(6):509\u201319.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"816_CR12","first-page":"15","volume":"13","author":"PK Gupta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gupta PK, Verma R, Kohli M, et al. The effect of ramelteon on postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a randomised double-blind study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2019;13:15.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3320","volume":"71","author":"K Hatta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatta K, Kishi Y, Wada K, DELIRIA-J Group, et al. Preventive effects of ramelteon on delirium: a randomized placebo controlled trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:397\u2013403.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2018.04.009","volume":"131","author":"SJ Jaiswal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jaiswal SJ, McCarthy TJ, Wineinger NE, et al. Melatonin and sleep in preventing hospitalized delirium: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Med. 2018;131(9):1110\u2013e11174.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E547","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140495","volume":"186","author":"A De Jonghe","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Jonghe A, Van Munster BC, Goslings JC, et al. Effect of melatonin on incidence of delirium among patients with hip fracture: a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2014;186:E547\u201356.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.07.011","volume":"31","author":"M Kinouchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kinouchi M, Mihara T, Taguri M, Ogura M. The efficacy of Ramelteon to prevent postoperative delirium after general anesthesia in the elderly: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2023;31(12):1178\u201389.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18825","volume":"72","author":"PW Lange","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lange PW, Turbi\u0107 A, Soh CH, et al. Melatonin does not reduce delirium severity in hospitalized older adults: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2024;72(6):1802\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.05.006","volume":"29","author":"ES Oh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oh ES, Leoutsakos JM, Rosenberg PB, et al. Effects of Ramelteon on the prevention of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: the RECOVER randomized controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;29:90\u2013100.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E893","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf.4049","volume":"24","author":"Y Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Y. Effects of melatonin on postoperative delirium after PCI in Elderly patients: a randomized, single center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Heart Surg Forum. 2021;24:E893\u20137.","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-354X.71132","volume":"4","author":"SS Sultan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sultan SS. Assessment of role of perioperative melatonin in prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium after hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia in the elderly. Saudi J Anaesth. 2010;4:169\u201373.","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR21","first-page":"S246","volume":"40","author":"Y Yamaguchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamaguchi Y, Mihara T, Taguri M, et al. Melatonin receptor agonist for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(1):S246. Suppl.1.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E037","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf.4325","volume":"17","author":"B Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin B, Ye T, Liu X, et al. Effects of melatonin for delirium in elderly acute heart failure patients: a randomized, single-center, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Heart Surg Forum. 2022;17(1):E037\u201341.","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.12.020","volume":"133","author":"K Khaing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khaing K, Nair BR. Melatonin for delirium prevention in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;133:181\u201390.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v10.i12.3773","volume":"10","author":"W You","year":"2022","unstructured":"You W, Fan XY, Lei C, Nie CC, Chen Y, Wang XL. Melatonin intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(12):3773\u201386.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","volume":"339","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman D, Tetzlaff J. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). 2009;339:b2700.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"key":"816_CR26","unstructured":"Cochlane handbook for. systematic reviews of interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. 2011 [J\/OL] [http:\/\/handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/."},{"issue":"7414","key":"816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"J Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thompson S, Deeks J. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res ed)"},{"issue":"5","key":"816_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017128","volume":"123","author":"HJ Gritton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gritton HJ, Sutton BC, Martinez V, et al. Interactions between cognition and circadian rhythms: attentional demands modify circadian entrainment. Behav Neurosci. 2009;123(5):937\u201348.","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"816_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000538","volume":"31","author":"X Su","year":"2018","unstructured":"Su X, Wang DX. Improve postoperative sleep: what can we do? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018;31(1):83\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"816_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01674.x","volume":"56","author":"LA Wei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wei LA, Fearing MA, Sternberg EJ, et al. The confusion assessment method: systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(5):823\u201330.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00816-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00816-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00816-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T10:04:33Z","timestamp":1732529073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpharmacoltoxicol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00816-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00816-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"90"}}