{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:00:40Z","timestamp":1792130440208,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00902-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T20:45:30Z","timestamp":1744490730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Safety profile of faricimab: a multi-source pharmacovigilance analysis using FAERS and JADER"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Chuanya","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.36469\/001c.93022","volume":"11","author":"V Garmo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garmo V, Zhao X, Ng CD, Near A, Banerji T, Wada K, Oderda G, et al. The association of retinal disease with vision impairment and functional status in medicare patients. J Health Econ Outcomes Res. 2024;11(1):94\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36469\/001c.93022.","journal-title":"J Health Econ Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"902_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02256-y","volume":"42","author":"NT Voutsas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Voutsas NT, Papageorgiou E, Tantou A, Dimitriou VA, Tsironi EE, Kotoula M. Quality-adjusted life years in macular oedema due to age-related macular degeneration, diabetes and central retinal vein occlusion: the impact of anti-VEGF agents in a tertiary centre in Greece. Int Ophthalmol. 2022;42(9):2673\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02256-y.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"902_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2023.89387","volume":"29","author":"A Almony","year":"2023","unstructured":"Almony A. Disease burden of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Am J Manag Care. 2023;29(6 Suppl):S75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37765\/ajmc.2023.89387.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"902_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.1052523","volume":"127","author":"M Colucciello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colucciello M. Current intravitreal pharmacologic therapies for diabetic macular edema. Postgrad Med. 2015;127(6):640\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2015.1052523.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"902_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20200824-02","volume":"57","author":"CW Seery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seery CW, Betesh S, Guo S, Zarbin MA, Bhagat N, Wagner RS. Update on the use of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57(6):351\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01913913-20200824-02.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"902_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agostini H, Abreu F, Baumal CR, Chang DS, Csaky KG, Demetriades AM, Kodjikian L, et al. Faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema: from preclinical studies to phase 3 outcomes. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06531-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06531-9"},{"key":"902_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192464","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1192464","volume":"17","author":"J Canonica","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canonica J, Foxton R, Garrido MG, Lin C-M, Uhles S, Shanmugam S, Antonetti DA, Abcouwer SF, Westenskow PD. Delineating effects of angiopoietin-2 inhibition on vascular permeability and inflammation in models of retinal neovascularization and ischemia\/reperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci. 2023;17:1192464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2023.1192464.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"902_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081869","volume":"9","author":"M Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan M, Aziz AA, Shafi NA, Abbas T, Khanani AM. Targeting angiopoietin in retinal vascular diseases: a literature review and summary of clinical trials involving faricimab. Cells. 2020;9(8):1869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9081869.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"50","key":"902_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36370","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000036370","volume":"102","author":"G Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li G, Zhu N, Ji A. Comparative efficacy and safety of faricimab and other anti-VEGF therapy for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Medicine. 2023;102(50):e36370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000036370.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"902_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000634","volume":"12","author":"S Ishida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ishida S, Chen SJ, Murata T, Ogura Y, Ruamviboonsuk P, Sakamoto T, Fujita T, et al. Efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab in patients from Asian countries with diabetic macular edema: 1-year subgroup analysis of the phase III YOSEMITE and RHINE trials. Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol (Philadelphia, Pa). 2023;12(5):451\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/APO.0000000000000634.","journal-title":"Asia-Pac J Ophthalmol (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"key":"902_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han F, Li X, Tao T, Wang J. A pharmacovigilance study on the safety of faricimab in real-world scenario using FDA adverse event reporting system database. 2025; Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, no. just-accepted.","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2025.2456173"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14454","volume":"53","author":"S-N Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu S-N, Chen X-D, Yan D, Wang Y-Q, Wang S-P, Guan W-Y, Huang C, Hu J, Liu Z.Drug-associated glaucoma: a real-world study based on the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system database. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;53(2):140\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"902_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2174\/0113894501290296240327081624","volume":"25","author":"R Morris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morris R, Ali R, Cheng F. Drug repurposing using FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database. Curr Drug Targets. 2024;25(7):454\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113894501290296240327081624.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"902_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S81998","volume":"9","author":"K Nomura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nomura K, Takahashi K, Hinomura Y, Kawaguchi G, Matsushita Y, Marui H, Anzai T, Hashiguchi M, Mochizuki M. Effect of database profile variation on drug safety assessment: an analysis of spontaneous adverse event reports of Japanese cases. Drug Des Devel Therapy. 2015;9:3031\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S81998.","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"902_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1001","volume":"13","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rothman KJ, Lanes S, Sacks ST. The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2004;13(8):519\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1001.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"902_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.677","volume":"10","author":"SJW Evans","year":"2001","unstructured":"Evans SJW, Waller PC, Davis S. Use of proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2001;10(6):483\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.677.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"902_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050466","volume":"54","author":"A Bate","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bate A, Lindquist M, Edwards IR, Olsson S, Orre R, Lansner A, De Freitas RM. A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;54(4):315\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002280050466.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"902_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225060-00001","volume":"25","author":"A Szarfman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Szarfman A, Machado SG, O\u2019Neill RT. Use of screening algorithms and computer systems to efficiently signal higher-than-expected combinations of drugs and events in the US FDA\u2019s spontaneous reports database. Drug Saf. 2002;25(6):381\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-200225060-00001.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"11","key":"902_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203798","volume":"58","author":"T Mabuchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mabuchi T, Hosomi K, Yokoyama S, Takada M. Polypharmacy in three different spontaneous adverse drug event databases. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;58(11):601\u201307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/CP203798.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"902_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2172160","volume":"22","author":"Y Yavne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yavne Y, Amar Shamir R, Shapiro M, Shepshelovich D. Evaluating the impact of black box warning updates on the reporting of drug-related adverse events: a cross sectional study of the FAERS database. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2023;22(6):463\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2023.2172160.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"902_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40780-018-0106-2","volume":"4","author":"Y Noguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noguchi Y, Ueno A, Katsuno H, Otsubo M, Yoshida A, Kanematsu Y, Sugita I, Tachi T, Tsuchiya T, Teramachi H. Analyses of non-benzodiazepine-induced adverse events and prognosis in elderly patients based on the Japanese adverse drug event report database. J Pharmaceutical Health Care Sci. 2018;4:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40780-018-0106-2.","journal-title":"J Pharmaceutical Health Care Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"902_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001457","volume":"37","author":"M Hata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hata M, Yamashiro K, Oishi A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Miyata M, Ueda-Arakawa N, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2017;37(11):2069\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001457.","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.033","volume":"124","author":"F Ko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ko F, Foster PJ, Strouthidis NG, Shweikh Y, Yang Q, Reisman CA, Muthy ZA, et al. Associations with retinal pigment epithelium thickness measures in a large cohort: results from the UK biobank. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(1):105\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.033.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2019.07.002","volume":"1","author":"WJ Bottinor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bottinor WJ, Shuey MM, Manouchehri A, Farber-Eger EH, Xu M, Nair D, et al. Renin-angiotensinaldosterone system modulates blood pressure response during vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition. JACC Cardio Oncol. 2019;1(1):14\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaccao.2019.07.002.","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87813","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087813","volume":"9","author":"YK Chae","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chae YK, Khemasuwan D, Dimou A, Neagu S, Chebrolu L, Gupta S, et al. Inhibition of renin angiotensin axis may beassociated with reduced risk of developing venous thromboembolism in patients with atherosclerotic disease. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(1):e87813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0087813.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"902_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.05.003","volume":"29","author":"M Chiara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiara M, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Role of the renin-angiotensin system in vascular inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008;29(7):367\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2008.05.003.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"902_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab035","volume":"113","author":"Y Jing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jing Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li K, Chen X, Heng J, Gao Q, et al. Association between sex and immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113(10):1396\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djab035.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"13","key":"902_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02377","volume":"40","author":"JM Unger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Unger JM, Vaidya R, Albain KS, LeBlanc M, Minasian LM, Gotay CC, Lynn Henry N, et al. Sex differences in risk of severe adverse events in patients receiving immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or chemotherapy in cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(13):1474\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.21.02377.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"21","key":"902_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14624","volume":"176","author":"JJ DuPont","year":"2019","unstructured":"DuPont JJ, Kenney RM, Patel AR, Jaffe IZ. Sex differences in mechanisms of arterial stiffness. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;176(21):4208\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.14624.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"902_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1073","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00132.2018","volume":"315","author":"BO Ogola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogola BO, Zimmerman MA, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Gentry KM, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. New insights into arterial stiffening: does sex matter? Am J Physiol. 2018;315(5):H1073\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00132.2018.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"902_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240288","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1240288","volume":"10","author":"H Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen H, Lv X, Yang J, Chen Z, Qiao W, Zhou T, Zhang Y. Variation in VEGFA and risk of cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank. Front Cardiovascular Med. 2023;10:1240288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1240288.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovascular Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"902_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2918","volume":"27","author":"HS Lim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lim HS, Blann AD, Chong AY, Freestone B, Lip GY. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 in diabetes: implications for cardiovascular risk and effects of multifactorial intervention. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(12):2918\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2918.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"17","key":"902_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173476","volume":"14","author":"A Maselli Del Giudice","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maselli Del Giudice A, La Mantia I, Barbara F, Ciccarone S, Ragno MS, de Robertis V, Cariti F, Barbara M, D\u2019Ascanio L, Di Stadio A. Use of nutraceuticals in elderly to fight inflammation and immuno-senescence: a randomized case-control study. Nutrients. 2022;14(17):3476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14173476.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"902_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0303871","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303871","volume":"19","author":"Y Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim Y, Kim CG, Kim JW, Han K, Kim JH. Cumulative effect of metabolic syndrome on the risk of retinal vein occlusion in young patients: a nationwide population-based study. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0303871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0303871.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00957-0","volume":"12","author":"A Sharif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharif A, Jendle J, Hellgren K-J. Screening for diabetic retinopathy with extended intervals, safe and without compromising adherence: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Therapy. 2021;12(1):223\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-020-00957-0.","journal-title":"Diabetes Therapy"},{"key":"902_CR36","unstructured":"\u201cMultimodal imaging in retinal vascular occlusions following trauma\u2014a case of sickle cell disease with negative sickling test\u2014pubmed.\u201d n.d.  https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34394877\/. Accessed 5 Mar 2025.."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"902_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2298\/sarh1312728m","volume":"141","author":"I Marjanovi\u0107","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marjanovi\u0107 I, Martinez A, Marjanovi\u0107 M, Konti\u0107 D, Hentova-Sen\u0107ani\u0107 P, Markovi\u0107 V, Bozi\u0107 M. Changes in the retrobulbar arterial circulation after decrease of the elevated intraocular pressure in men and women with primary open angle glaucoma. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2013;141(11\u201312):728\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2298\/sarh1312728m.","journal-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek"},{"key":"902_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648267","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2648267","volume":"2019","author":"L-Q Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao L-Q, Cheng J-W. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of intravitreal anti-VEGF agent treatment immediately after cataract surgery for patients with diabetic retinopathy. J Ophthalmol. 2019;2019:2648267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2648267.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"902_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1356-3","volume":"248","author":"J Roider","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roider J, Liew SHM, Klatt C, Elsner H, Poerksen E, Hillenkamp J, Brinkmann R, Birngruber R. Selective retina therapy (SRT) for clinically significant diabetic macular edema. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;248(9):1263\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-010-1356-3.","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"902_CR40","unstructured":"\u201cTwo-year incidence of retinal intervention in patients with minimal or no diabetic retinopathy on telemedicine screening\u2014PubMed.\u201d n.d https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30730544\/. Accessed 5 Mar 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225010-00004","volume":"25","author":"CNJ McGhee","year":"2002","unstructured":"McGhee CNJ, Dean S, Danesh-Meyer H. Locally administered ocular corticosteroids: benefits and risks. Drug Saf. 2002;25(1):33\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-200225010-00004.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"902_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-009-0388-1","volume":"30","author":"M Di Capua","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Capua M, Coppola A, Albisinni R, Tufano A, Guida A, Di Minno MND, Cirillo F, Loffredo M, Cerbone AM. Cardiovascular risk factors and outcome in patients with retinal vein occlusion. J Thrombos Thrombolys. 2010;30(1):16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11239-009-0388-1.","journal-title":"J Thrombos Thrombolys"},{"issue":"9","key":"902_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.11.010","volume":"5","author":"JG Light","year":"2021","unstructured":"Light JG, Tian J, Wenick AS. Outcomes in retinal vein occlusions presenting with poor visual acuity treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: prognosis and predictive factors. Ophthalmol Retina. 2021;5(9):888\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2020.11.010.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"6","key":"902_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1691\/ph.2024.4506","volume":"79","author":"K Kawada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kawada K, Ishida T, Yoshioka T, Fukuda H, Hayashi T, Goda M, Ishizawa K. Association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use with encephalopathy development: an analysis using the united states food and drug administration adverse event reporting system (FAERS) and Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) databases. Die Pharmazie. 2024;79(6):118\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1691\/ph.2024.4506.","journal-title":"Die Pharmazie"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-018-0134-0","volume":"5","author":"T Toki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toki T, Ono S. Spontaneous reporting on adverse events by consumers in the United States: an analysis of the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system database. Drugs\u2014Real World Outcomes. 2018;5(2):117\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40801-018-0134-0.","journal-title":"Drugs\u2014Real World Outcomes"},{"key":"902_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u201cAbstracts of the 25th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology & Therapeutic Risk Management. Providence, Rhode Island, USA. August 16-19, 2009. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(Suppl 1):S1\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1806.","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1806"},{"issue":"4","key":"902_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s40290-019-00287-y","volume":"33","author":"R Beau-Lejdstrom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beau-Lejdstrom R, Crook S, Spanu A, Yu T, Puhan MA. Adverse drug reaction risk measures: a comparison of estimates from drug surveillance and randomised trials. Pharm Med. 2019;33(4):331\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40290-019-00287-y.","journal-title":"Pharm Med"},{"key":"902_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379973","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1379973","volume":"12","author":"M Deady","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deady M, Duncan R, Jones LD, Sang A, Goodness B, Pandey A, Cho S, Forshee RA, Anderson SA, Ezzeldin H. Data quality and timeliness analysis for post-vaccination adverse event cases reported through healthcare data exchange to FDA BEST pilot platform. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1379973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1379973.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"902_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz194","volume":"27","author":"A Geva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Geva A, Abman SH, Manzi SF, Ivy DD, Mullen MP, Griffin J, Lin C, Savova GK, Mandl KD. Adverse drug event rates in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: a comparison of real-world data sources. J Am Med Inf Assoc. 2020;27(2):294\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocz194.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inf Assoc"},{"issue":"25","key":"902_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29387","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029387","volume":"101","author":"HR Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim HR, Sung M, Park JA, Jeong K, Kim HH, Lee S, Park YR. Analyzing adverse drug reaction using statistical and machine learning methods: a systematic review. Medicine. 2022;101(25):e29387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000029387.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"September","key":"902_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105691","volume":"145","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li L, Donnell ET. Incorporating Bayesian methods into the propensity score matching framework: a no-treatment effect safety analysis. Accid Anal Prev. 2020;145(September):105691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aap.2020.105691.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"February","key":"902_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.10.013","volume":"130","author":"M Safieddine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Safieddine M, Chapelle C, Ollier E, Ferdynus C, Bertoletti L, Mismetti P, Cucherat M, Laporte S. Compared to randomized studies, observational studies may overestimate the effectiveness of DOACs: a metaepidemiological approach. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;130(February):49\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.10.013.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-025-00902-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-025-00902-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-025-00902-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T20:45:33Z","timestamp":1744490733000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpharmacoltoxicol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40360-025-00902-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-025-00902-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not utilize individual-level data. Therefore, no new ethical approval from an ethics review committee was required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}