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OCA was administered in the presence and absence of CP.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Thirty-two pregnant female rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, OCA group: received OCA (10\u00a0mg\/kg \/day, orally), CP group: received CP 20\u00a0mg\/kg intraperitoneally at 12th day, OCA\u2009+\u2009CP group. Placental weight and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured. Placental oxidative stress parameters (malondialdahide (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), besides Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and caspase-3 biomarkers, were evaluated. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) gene expression were also measured. Placental histopathological examination, toll- like receptor4 (TLR4) and forkhead-box transcription factor1 (FOXO1) immunohistochemical study were performed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CP significantly decreased PlGF, placental weight, TAC, SIRT1 and Nrf2 with increased placental MDA, Myd88, caspase-3, NF-\u03baB and TNF-\u03b1. Histopathological findings of placental damage and high TLR4, FOXO1 immunoexpressions were detected. OCA significantly increased PlGF level, placental weight and normalized the distributed oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers with a prompt improvement in the histopathological picture and decrease TLR4 and FOXO1 immunoexpressions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Accordingly, these findings suggest that OCA protects CP-induced placental injury by modulating TLR4\/Myd88\/NF-\u03baB; SIRT1-dependant signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00986-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T15:12:50Z","timestamp":1758294770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Obeticholic acid prevents cyclophosphamide-induced placental injury via SIRT1 and TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathways"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6511-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa Yehia","family":"Abdelzaher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa Mohamed","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina Ezzat","family":"Attya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelaleem Abdelnour","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa Mohamed Mahmoud","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen S.","family":"Gaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed K. 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