{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:07:20Z","timestamp":1792040840958,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-01026-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T14:55:27Z","timestamp":1762440927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Berberine and berberrubine promote the expression of CYP3A4 via enhancing the binding of nuclear receptor PXR"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Gui-mei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1026_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2024.108593","volume":"254","author":"X Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin X, Zhang J, Chu Y, et al. Berberine prevents NAFLD and HCC by modulating metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 2024;254:108593.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1021\/np400607k","volume":"77","author":"S Spinozzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spinozzi S, Colliva C, Camborata C, et al. Berberine and its metabolites: relationship between physicochemical properties and plasma levels after administration to human subjects. J Nat Prod. 2014;77(4):766\u201372.","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"issue":"12","key":"1026_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.011361","volume":"34","author":"F Zuo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zuo F, Nakamura N, Akao T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Berberine and its main metabolites in conventional and Pseudo germ-free rats determined by liquid chromatography\/ion trap mass spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006;34(12):2064\u201372.","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"1026_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2016.02.001","volume":"109","author":"CS Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu CS, Zheng YR, Zhang YF, et al. Research progress on Berberine with a special focus on its oral bioavailability. Fitoterapia. 2016;109:274\u201382.","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"1026_CR5","first-page":"e18761429350210","volume":"17","author":"AS Carranza-Aranda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carranza-Aranda AS, Santerre A, Segura-Cabrera A, C\u00e1rdenas-Vargas A, Mart\u00ednez-Vel\u00e1zquez M, Hern\u00e1ndez-Guti\u00e9rrez R. Herrera-Rodr\u00edguez SE. Chrysin: A potential antiandrogen ligand to mutated androgen receptors in prostate cancer. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2024;17:e18761429350210.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2015.124","volume":"37","author":"T Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou T, You W, Ma Z, et al. Ginkgolide B protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against xenobiotic injuries via PXR activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016;37(2):177\u201386.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040464","volume":"21","author":"H Cui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cui H, Wang J, Zhang Q, et al. In vivo and in vitro study on drug-drug interaction of Lovastatin and Berberine from Pharmacokinetic and HepG2 cell metabolism studies. Molecules. 2016;21(4):464.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1026_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2015.09.033","volume":"1006","author":"M Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu M, Su X, Li G, et al. Validated UPLC\u2013MS\/MS method for simultaneous determination of Simvastatin, Simvastatin hydroxy acid and Berberine in rat plasma: application to the drug\u2013drug Pharmacokinetic interaction study of Simvastatin combined with Berberine after oral administration in rats. J Chromatogr B. 2015;1006:8\u201315.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1515\/oncologie-2024-0471","volume":"27","author":"K Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang K, Huang J. Combination of oxabicycloheptene sulfonate (OBHS) and antidiabetic drugs synergistically inhibits proliferation in human breast cancer cells. Oncologie. 2025;27(1):57\u201369.","journal-title":"Oncologie"},{"key":"1026_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154097","volume":"101","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yan J, Liu J, et al. Panaxytriol upregulates CYP3A4 expression based on the interaction of PXR, CAR, HSP90alpha, and RXRalpha. Phytomedicine. 2022;101:154097.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6290","volume":"33","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu J, Yao N, Hu Q, et al. Effect of panaxytriol on cytochrome P450 3A4 via the pregnane X receptor regulatory pathway. Phytother Res. 2019;33(4):968\u201375.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2022-005641","volume":"44","author":"M Vuong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vuong M, Gonzalez AC, Montarroyos SS. Common food and drug interactions. Pediatr Rev. 2023;44(2):68\u201380.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"1026_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.109.027029","volume":"37","author":"V Chu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chu V, Einolf HJ, Evers R, et al. In vitro and in vivo induction of cytochrome p450: a survey of the current practices and recommendations: a pharmaceutical research and manufacturers of America perspective. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009;37(7):1339\u201354.","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2007.03.022","volume":"44","author":"W Hua","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hua W, Ding L, Chen Y, Gong B, He J, Xu G. Determination of Berberine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007;44(4):931\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"11","key":"1026_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.3109\/00498254.2011.597456","volume":"41","author":"Y Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo Y, Li F, Ma X, Cheng X, Zhou H, Klaassen CD. CYP2D plays a major role in Berberine metabolism in liver of mice and humans. Xenobiotica. 2011;41(11):996\u20131005.","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"1026_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.09.011","volume":"189","author":"B Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang B, Meng L, Zhang F, et al. Enzyme-inducing effects of Berberine on cytochrome P450 1A2 in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci. 2017;189:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1026_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3782-1_16","volume":"2788","author":"AK Hinrichs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hinrichs AK, Koch A, Richter AM. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay for Prescreening CRISPR (d)Cas9-Mediated epigenetic editing on a plant promoter using human cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2788:273\u201385.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1026_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3682-4_15","volume":"2766","author":"S Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu S. RNA interference ex vivo. Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2766:145\u201351.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1026_CR19","first-page":"369","volume":"4","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, Cui H, Li D, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhou C, Li L, Feng M, Chen X, Cao Y, Gao Y. S100A8 promotes tumor progression by inducing phenotypic polarization of microglia through the TLR4\/IL-10 signaling pathway in glioma. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2024;4:369\u201381.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"},{"issue":"5","key":"1026_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2024.048076","volume":"48","author":"X SHI","year":"2024","unstructured":"SHI X, WANG Y, LI C, FU W, ZHANG X. Knockdown of RCN1 contributes to the apoptosis of colorectal cancer via regulating IP3R1. BIOCELL. 2024;48(5):835\u2013W845.","journal-title":"BIOCELL"},{"key":"1026_CR21","first-page":"426","volume":"5","author":"W Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu W, Lu J, Zhang H, Ye D. Decoding the tumor microenvironment: insights into immunotherapy and beyond. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2025;5:426\u20138.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Cent"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-025-01026-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-025-01026-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-025-01026-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T14:55:28Z","timestamp":1762440928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpharmacoltoxicol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40360-025-01026-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-025-01026-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"N\/A.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"187"}}