{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:26:45Z","timestamp":1792121205585,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-026-01095-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:38:25Z","timestamp":1772105905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical pharmacist-led prevention of intravenous drug incompatibilities in an adult ICU: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"T\u00fclay","family":"Kayra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Ferli\u00e7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lker","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neriman Defne","family":"Alt\u0131nta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Onay-Besikci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1095_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13292","volume":"72","author":"A Abdelkader","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelkader A, Fathi HA, Hamad MA, Elsabahy M. Nanomedicine: a new paradigm to overcome drug incompatibilities. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2020;72(10):1289\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.13292.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"19","key":"1095_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp070633","volume":"65","author":"T Bertsche","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bertsche T, Mayer Y, Stahl R, Hoppe-Tichy T, Encke J, Haefeli WE. Prevention of intravenous drug incompatibilities in an intensive care unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(19):1834\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2146\/ajhp070633.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"1095_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080059","volume":"66","author":"DW Newton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newton DW. Drug incompatibility chemistry. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009;66(4):348\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2146\/ajhp080059.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1095_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-018-2602-6","volume":"75","author":"O Maison","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maison O, Tardy C, Cabelguenne D, Parat S, Ducastelle S, Piriou V, et al. Drug incompatibilities in intravenous therapy: evaluation and proposition of preventive tools in intensive care and hematology units. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;75(2):179\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-018-2602-6.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1095_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bentley J, Heard K, Collins G, Chung C. Mixing medicines: how to ensure patient safety. Pharm J. 2015;294(7859):453\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/PJ.2015.20068289.","DOI":"10.1211\/PJ.2015.20068289"},{"issue":"1","key":"1095_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06955-w","volume":"7","author":"HB Mohamed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohamed HB, El-Shanawany SM, Hamad MA, Elsabahy M. Niosomes: a strategy toward prevention of clinically significant drug incompatibilities. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):6340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06955-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1095_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Makary MA, Daniel M. Medical error-the third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ. 2016;353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2139.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2139"},{"issue":"11","key":"1095_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1177\/001857870203701112","volume":"37","author":"JA Eskew","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eskew JA, Jacobi J, Buss WF, Warhurst HM, Debord CL. Using innovative technologies to set new safety standards for the infusion of intravenous medications. Hosp Pharm. 2002;37(11):1179\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001857870203701112.","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"1095_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taxis K, Barber N. Incidence and severity of intravenous drug errors in a German hospital. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004;59(11):815\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-003-0689-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0689-9"},{"key":"1095_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanji S, Lam J, Johanson C, Singh A, Goddard R, Fairbairn J, et al. Systematic review of physical and chemical compatibility of commonly used medications administered by continuous infusion in intensive care units. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(9):1890\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e8adcc.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e8adcc"},{"key":"1095_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marsilio NR, Dd S, Bueno D. Drug incompatibilities in the adult intensive care unit of a university hospital. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2016;28:147\u201353.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0103-507X.20160029.","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20160029"},{"key":"1095_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pehlivanl\u0131 A, \u00d6zg\u00fcn \u00c7, Erad \u00c7F, \u00d6z\u00e7elikay AT, \u00dcnal MN. Yo\u011fun Bak\u0131mda \u0130ntraven\u00f6z Uygulanan \u0130la\u00e7larda Ge\u00e7imsizlik, Y-Par\u00e7as\u0131 Ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fi ve Ge\u00e7imsizlik Y\u00f6netimi. JARSS. 2022;30(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54875\/jarss.2022.49002.","DOI":"10.54875\/jarss.2022.49002"},{"key":"1095_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ekincio\u011flu AB, Demirkan K. Klinik n\u00fctrisyon ve ila\u00e7 etkile\u015fimleri. Turk J Surg. 2013;29(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/UCD.2013.112013.","DOI":"10.5152\/UCD.2013.112013"},{"key":"1095_CR14","unstructured":"\u0130la\u00e7 ge\u00e7imsizli\u011fi listesi. 2019. https:\/\/www.ordusevgi.com\/sks\/listeler\/iy.ls.16-ilac-gecimsizligi.pdf. Accessed 27 Oct 2024."},{"key":"1095_CR15","unstructured":"Ge\u00e7imsiz ila\u00e7lar listesi. 2015. https:\/\/dosyahastane.saglik.gov.tr\/Eklenti\/495744\/0\/iyls15- gecimsiz-ilaclar-listesipdf.pdf. Accessed 27 Oct 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"1095_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1515\/pthp-2019-0005","volume":"4","author":"E D\u2019Huart","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u2019Huart E, Vigneron J, Demor\u00e9 B. Physical compatibility of intravenous drugs commonly used in intensive care units: an observational study and physical compatibility laboratory tests on anti-infective drugs. Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm. 2019;4(1):29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pthp-2019-0005.","journal-title":"Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"1095_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1R414","volume":"47","author":"S Kanji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanji S, Lam J, Goddard RD, Johanson C, Singh A, Petrin L, et al. Inappropriate medication administration practices in Canadian adult ICUs: a multicenter, cross-sectional observational study. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47(5):637\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1345\/aph.1R414.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"1095_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/ejhpharm-2017-001248","volume":"26","author":"MP Neininger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neininger MP, Buchholz P, Frontini R, Kiess W, Siekmeyer W, Bertsche A, et al. Incompatible intravenous drug combinations and respective physician and nurse knowledge: a study in routine paediatric intensive care. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2019;26(4):214\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ejhpharm-2017-001248.","journal-title":"Eur J Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"1095_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2014.057","volume":"159","author":"O Machotka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Machotka O, Manak J, Kubena A, Vlcek J. Incidence of intravenous drug incompatibilities in intensive care units. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(4):652\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5507\/bp.2014.057.","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"1095_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sriram S, Aishwarya S, Moithu A, Sebastian A, Kumar A. Intravenous drug incompatibilities in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in India: are they preventable? J Res Pharm Pract. 2020;9(2):106\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_20_11.","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_20_11"},{"issue":"2","key":"1095_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20200501","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2020-0501","volume":"74","author":"JH Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia JH, Crespo JCL, Handa AY, Padilha KG, Secoli SR. In (compatibility) of intravenous drugs in critical units: adult cohort. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(2):e20200501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0034-7167-2020-0501.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Enferm"},{"issue":"1","key":"1095_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220002","DOI":"10.1515\/pthp-2022-0002","volume":"7","author":"G Ayari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayari G, d\u2019Huart E, Vigneron J, Demor\u00e9 B. Y-site compatibility of intravenous medications commonly used in intensive care units: laboratory tests on 75 mixtures involving nine main drugs. Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm. 2022;7(1):20220002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/pthp-2022-0002.","journal-title":"Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1095_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.08.023","volume":"350","author":"A Mendez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mendez A, Chagastelles P, Palma E, Nardi N, Schapoval E. Thermal and alkaline stability of meropenem: degradation products and cytotoxicity. Int J Pharm. 2008;350(1\u20132):95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.08.023.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1095_CR24","unstructured":"P\u00e9r\u00e9 H, Chass\u00e9 V, Forest J-M. Compatibilit\u00e9 du pantoprazole injectable lors d\u2019administration en Y. Pharmactuel. 2004;37(4)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1095_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.farma.2022.11.007","volume":"47","author":"AD Mahendra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahendra AD, Hanifah S, Sari CP. Cross-sectional study of potential incompatibility of intravenous medications in a neonatal intensive care unit in Indonesia. Farm Hosp. 2023;47(1):16\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.farma.2022.11.007.","journal-title":"Farm Hosp"},{"key":"1095_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moraes KD, Gomes IV, Souza MN, Freire ND, Barros JF, Medeiros FS, Nunes DM. Analysis of drug compatibility in Y in intravenous therapy: preparation of a preventive tool for a university hospital in petrolina-PE. J Hosp Pharm Health Serv. 2021;12(1):521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30968\/rbfhss.2021.121.0521.","DOI":"10.30968\/rbfhss.2021.121.0521"},{"key":"1095_CR27","unstructured":"Micromedex. https:\/\/www.micromedexsolutions.com. Accessed 5 Sep 2023."},{"key":"1095_CR28","unstructured":"Somatosan 3 mg IV inf\u00fczyon i\u00e7in steril ampul. K\u0131sa \u00dcr\u00fcn Bilgisi. https:\/\/titck.gov.tr\/storage\/Archive\/2021\/kubKtAttachments\/ONAYLIKBSOMATEX_9f8c7d20-9ad5-4bf6-8fdd-1735f70276d7.pdf. Accessed 27 Oct 2023."},{"key":"1095_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pe\u00f1a A, Katsumiti A, De Basagoiti A, Casta\u00f1o M, Ros G, Sautua S, et al. Drug compatibility in neonatal intensive care units: gaps in knowledge and discordances. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(7):2305\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04028-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04028-9"},{"key":"1095_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murney P. To mix or not to mix\u2013compatibilities of parenteral drug solutions. Aust Prescr. 2008;31(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18773\/austprescr.2008.057.","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2008.057"},{"issue":"2","key":"1095_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2018.08.004","volume":"44","author":"GC Lao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lao GC, Reyes MR, Turet JR, Dot MP, Muner DS, Cabezas CL. Compatibility of drugs administered as Y-site infusion in intensive care units: a systematic review. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2020;44(2):80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medin.2018.08.004.","journal-title":"Med Intensiva"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01095-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01095-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01095-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:57:26Z","timestamp":1775033846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01095-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01095-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Human Research Ethics Committee (i07-440\u201322\/2022, August 4, 2022) and the study was carried out according to the ethical standards stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants\/their families, who voluntarily participated after receiving sufficient information and without any form of coercion or manipulation. All patient data were anonymized and securely stored to ensure confidentiality. The study involved an observational review of DRLs only and did not include any experimental intervention.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}