{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T01:58:00Z","timestamp":1780883880470,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Youth Eagle Talented Cultivation Project of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital","award":["No.Fkcy2404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.Fkcy2404"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["LY21H050005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY21H050005"]}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project as well as funding from Huadong Medicine Co.","award":["Y20220116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20220116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-026-01137-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:46:17Z","timestamp":1776854777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integration of multi-omics and network toxicology reveals TLR4-mediated nephrotoxicity induced by arecoline"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jixiang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lichen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongheng","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feihong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1137_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221092751","volume":"101","author":"S Warnakulasuriya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Warnakulasuriya S, Chen T. Areca Nut and Oral Cancer: Evidence from Studies Conducted in Humans. J Dent Res. 2022;101(10):1139\u201346.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"1137_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.104548","volume":"110","author":"AK Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Tulsyan S, Thakur N, Sharma V, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Chemistry, metabolism and pharmacology of carcinogenic alkaloids present in areca nut and factors affecting their concentration. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020;110:104548.","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1137_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02926-9","volume":"95","author":"NG Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliveira NG, Ramos DL, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Genetic toxicology and toxicokinetics of arecoline and related areca nut compounds: an updated review. Arch Toxicol. 2021;95(2):375\u201393.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1137_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1819-8","volume":"50","author":"M Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang M, Yu SY, Lv ZT, Yao Y. Betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2018;50(6):1097\u2013104.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"1137_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153784","volume":"504","author":"R Yadav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadav R, Kumar D, Singh J, Jangra A. Environmental toxicants and nephrotoxicity: Implications on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Toxicology. 2024;504:153784.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1137_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01489.x","volume":"16","author":"YH Hsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsu YH, Liu WH, Chen W, et al. Association of betel nut chewing with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective 7-year study in Taiwan. Nephrol (Carlton). 2011;16(8):751\u20137.","journal-title":"Nephrol (Carlton)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1137_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e318095a48a","volume":"49","author":"IM Kang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kang IM, Chou CY, Tseng YH, et al. Association between betelnut chewing and chronic kidney disease in adults. J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49(7):776\u20139.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"1137_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.118029","volume":"293","author":"Z Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zhou Z, Zhao Z, et al. A network toxicology and machine learning approach to investigate the mechanism of kidney injury from melamine and cyanuric acid co-exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025;293:118029.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"1137_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01134","volume":"9","author":"Z Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu Z, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. Network-Based Methods for Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1134.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1137_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03691","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202503691","volume":"13","author":"L Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li L, Liao J, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Huang J, Wu K, et al. Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Define a Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Niche After Kidney Injury. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026;13(2):e03691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202503691.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"1137_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155813","volume":"132","author":"Z Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu Z, Chen D, Yan P, Zheng F, Zhu H, Yuan Z, et al. Puerarin suppresses macrophage M1 polarization to alleviate renal inflammatory injury through antagonizing TLR4\/MyD88-mediated NF-\u03baB p65 and JNK\/FoxO1 activation. Phytomedicine. 2024;132:155813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155813.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1137_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007090982","volume":"19","author":"B Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang B, Ramesh G, Uematsu S, Akira S, Reeves WB. TLR4 signaling mediates inflammation and tissue injury in nephrotoxicity. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(5):923\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2007090982.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1137_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.327","volume":"78","author":"SA Summers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Summers SA, van der Veen BS, O\u2019Sullivan KM, Gan PY, Ooi JD, Heeringa P, et al. Intrinsic renal cell and leukocyte-derived TLR4 aggravate experimental anti-MPO glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 2010;78(12):1263\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.327.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"1137_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22937","volume":"35","author":"YH Hsieh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsieh YH, Syu RJ, Lee CC, et al. Arecoline induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells by upregulating the ERK-mediated signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol. 2020;35(9):1007\u201314.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1137_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1373","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac956","volume":"51","author":"S Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, et al. PubChem 2023 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(D1):D1373\u201380.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1137_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42717","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42717","volume":"7","author":"A Daina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V. SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42717.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1137_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W422","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae236","volume":"52","author":"L Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu L, Shi S, Yi J, et al. ADMETlab 3.0: an updated comprehensive online ADMET prediction platform enhanced with broader coverage, improved performance, API functionality and decision support. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024;52(W1):W422\u201331.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1137_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1110","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad926","volume":"52","author":"X Kong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kong X, Liu C, Zhang Z, et al. BATMAN-TCM 2.0: an enhanced integrative database for known and predicted interactions between traditional Chinese medicine ingredients and target proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024;52(D1):D1110\u201320.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1137_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W357","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz382","volume":"47","author":"A Daina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V. SwissTargetPrediction: updated data and new features for efficient prediction of protein targets of small molecules. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(W1):W357\u201364.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1137_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1284","volume":"25","author":"MJ Keiser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Keiser MJ, Roth BL, Armbruster BN, Ernsberger P, Irwin JJ, Shoichet BK. Relating protein pharmacology by ligand chemistry. Nat Biotechnol. 2007;25(2):197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1137_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1238","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1011","volume":"50","author":"D Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan D, Zheng G, Wang C, et al. HIT 2.0: an enhanced platform for Herbal Ingredients\u2019 Targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(D1):D1238\u201343.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1137_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W726","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac297","volume":"50","author":"K Gallo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallo K, Goede A, Preissner R, Gohlke BO. SuperPred 3.0: drug classification and target prediction-a machine learning approach. Nucleic Acids Res. 2022;50(W1):W726\u201331.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1137_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-016-9915-2","volume":"30","author":"ZJ Yao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yao ZJ, Dong J, Che YJ, et al. TargetNet: a web service for predicting potential drug-target interaction profiling via multi-target SAR models. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2016;30(5):413\u201324.","journal-title":"J Comput Aided Mol Des"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1137_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W356","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx374","volume":"45","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang X, Shen Y, Wang S, et al. PharmMapper 2017 update: a web server for potential drug target identification with a comprehensive target pharmacophore database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45(W1):W356\u201360.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1137_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1257","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac833","volume":"51","author":"AP Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis AP, Wiegers TC, Johnson RJ, Sciaky D, Wiegers J, Mattingly CJ. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD): update 2023. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(D1):D1257\u201362.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1137_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5","volume":"54","author":"G Stelzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stelzer G, Rosen N, Plaschkes I, et al. The GeneCards Suite: From Gene Data Mining to Disease Genome Sequence Analyses. Curr Protoc Bioinf. 2016;54:1301\u201313033.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinf"},{"key":"1137_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amberger JS, Hamosh A. Searching Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic phenotypes. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 2017;58:1.2.1\u20131.2.12.","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.27"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1137_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D638","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","volume":"51","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Kirsch R, Koutrouli M, et al. The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(D1):D638\u201346.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1137_CR29","first-page":"100141","volume":"2","author":"T Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu T, Hu E, Xu S, et al. clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data. Innov (Camb). 2021;2(3):100141.","journal-title":"Innov (Camb)"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1137_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W212","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz446","volume":"47","author":"AB Keenan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keenan AB, Torre D, Lachmann A, et al. ChEA3: transcription factor enrichment analysis by orthogonal omics integration. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(W1):W212\u201324.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1137_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00203","volume":"61","author":"J Eberhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eberhardt J, Santos-Martins D, Tillack AF, Forli S. AutoDock Vina 1.2.0: New Docking Methods, Expanded Force Field, and Python Bindings. J Chem Inf Model. 2021;61(8):3891\u20138.","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"issue":"9","key":"1137_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4104","DOI":"10.1021\/ct500487h","volume":"10","author":"J Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu J, Qiu Y, Baron R, Molinero V. Coarse-Graining of TIP4P\/2005, TIP4P-Ew, SPC\/E, and TIP3P to Monatomic Anisotropic Water Models Using Relative Entropy Minimization. J Chem Theory Comput. 2014;10(9):4104\u201320.","journal-title":"J Chem Theory Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"1137_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-00942-y","volume":"30","author":"J Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan J, Lin F, Chen L, et al. Lipoxin A4 regulates M1\/M2 macrophage polarization via FPR2-IRF pathway. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(2):487\u201398.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1137_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(00)00129-0","volume":"46","author":"CA Lipinski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lipinski CA, Lombardo F, Dominy BW, Feeney PJ. Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;46(1\u20133):3\u201326.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"20","key":"1137_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205238","volume":"20","author":"DM Tanase","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Radu S, et al. The Predictive Role of the Biomarker Kidney Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(20):5238.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.134129","volume":"470","author":"L Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang L, Xu J, Jia K, et al. Butylparaben induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) kidney injury by down-regulating the PI3K-AKT pathway. J Hazard Mater. 2024;470:134129.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"9","key":"1137_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2023.2168178","volume":"52","author":"J Rao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rao J, Peng T, Li N, et al. Nephrotoxicity induced by natural compounds from herbal medicines - a challenge for clinical application. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2022;52(9):757\u201378.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"1137_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.02.004","volume":"344\u2013346","author":"SH Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin SH, Chiou SJ, Ho WT, Chuang CT, Chuang LY, Guh JY. Arecoline-induced pro-fibrotic proteins in LLC-PK1 cells are dependent on c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Toxicology. 2016;344\u2013346:53\u201360.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1137_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008003339","volume":"12","author":"CY Chou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chou CY, Cheng SY, Liu JH, et al. Association between betel-nut chewing and chronic kidney disease in men. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(5):723\u20137.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"1137_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119155","volume":"271","author":"AK Jha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, et al. Toll-like receptor 4: An attractive therapeutic target for acute kidney injury. Life Sci. 2021;271:119155.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1137_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130267","volume":"126","author":"H Mudaliar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mudaliar H, Pollock C, Panchapakesan U. Role of Toll-like receptors in diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond). 2014;126(10):685\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1137_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021415","volume":"24","author":"PG Vall\u00e9s","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9s PG, Gil Lorenzo AF, Garcia RD, Cacciamani V, Benardon ME, Costantino VV. Toll-like Receptor 4 in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(2):1415.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1137_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC04712F","volume":"9","author":"DM Pereira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pereira DM, Valent\u00e3o P, Andrade PB. Tuning protein folding in lysosomal storage diseases: the chemistry behind pharmacological chaperones. Chem Sci. 2018;9(7):1740\u201352.","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"1137_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.04.028","volume":"80","author":"J Yuan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yuan J, Tao Y, Wang M, Chen Y, Han X, Wu H, et al. Astragaloside II, a natural saponin, facilitates remyelination in demyelination neurological diseases via p75NTR receptor mediated \u03b2-catenin\/Id2\/MBP signaling axis in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Adv Res. 2026;80:577\u201391.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"1137_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119874","volume":"348","author":"YX Gong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gong YX. Research progress of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine in intervening apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. J Ethnopharmacol. 2025;348:119874.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1137_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156314","volume":"136","author":"Q Feng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feng Q, Yu X, Xie J, Liu F, Zhang X, Li S, et al. Phillygenin improves diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis via regulating TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB and PI3K\/AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathways. Phytomedicine. 2025;136:156314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156314.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"1137_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00820-3","volume":"43","author":"D Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li D, Guo YY, Cen XF, Qiu HL, Chen S, Zeng XF, et al. Lupeol protects against cardiac hypertrophy via TLR4-PI3K-Akt-NF-\u03baB pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022;43(8):1989\u20132002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-021-00820-3.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"12","key":"1137_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.84388","volume":"13","author":"W Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng W, Chen J, Huang W, Wang G, Chen X, Duan L, et al. HMGB1-mediated elevation of KLF7 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis through upregulating TLR4 and PTK2. Theranostics. 2023;13(12):4042\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.84388.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1137_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01036-5","volume":"7","author":"Q Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):182.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1137_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a001651","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","volume":"1","author":"T Lawrence","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1(6):a001651.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"1137_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.02.007","volume":"23","author":"H Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang H, Xie T, Li D, et al. Tim-3 aggravates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by promoting macrophage activation via the NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1 pathway. Mol Metab. 2019;23:24\u201336.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"1137_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156406","volume":"138","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Zhao S, Xie J, Li M, Tong S, Ma J, et al. Targeting the NF-\u03baB p65-MMP28 axis: Wogonoside as a novel therapeutic agent for attenuating podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. Phytomedicine. 2025;138:156406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156406.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"1137_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114481","volume":"152","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li X, Zhao S, Li M, Xing X, Xie J, Wang M, et al. Wogonoside ameliorates oxidative damage in tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy by modulating the HNF4A-NRF2 axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;152:114481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114481.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01137-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01137-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01137-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T01:02:04Z","timestamp":1780880524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01137-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01137-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"83"}}