{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:04:39Z","timestamp":1785150279079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-026-01161-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T04:07:10Z","timestamp":1782187630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Complexed rifampicin with iron mitigates doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Omnia A.","family":"Basal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Entsar A.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana R.","family":"El Sadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1161_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S510016","volume":"20","author":"Y Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng Y, Sui L, Xu T, Zhao H, Yuan Q, Sun L. Research and Application Prospect of Nanomedicine in Kidney Disease: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2003 to 2024. Int J Nanomed. 2025;20:3007\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJN.S510016.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"1161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.32604\/biocell.2019.07020","volume":"43","author":"EA Saad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saad EA, El-demerdash RS, Abd El-fattah EM. Mesenchymal stem cells are more effective than captopril in reverting cisplatin-induced nephropathy. Biocell. 2019;43(2):73\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/biocell.2019.07020","journal-title":"Biocell"},{"issue":"9987","key":"1161_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60126-X","volume":"385","author":"RL Mehta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mehta RL, et al. International Society of Nephrology\u2019s 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology. Lancet. 2015;385(9987):2616\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60126-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2023.11.005","volume":"7","author":"ZR Elshahawy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elshahawy ZR, Saad EA, El-Sadda RR. Synergistic impacts of rifampicin and doxorubicin against thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Liver Res. 2023;7(4):352\u201360. PMID: 39958782; PMCID: PMC11791901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livres.2023.11.005","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"key":"1161_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10644-5","volume":"23","author":"RR El Sadda","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Sadda RR, Elshahawy ZR, Saad EA. Biochemical and pathophysiological improvements in rats with thioacetamide induced-hepatocellular carcinoma using aspirin plus vitamin C. BMC Cancer. 2023;23:175\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-023-10644-5.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101671","volume":"57","author":"EA Saad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saad EA, Kiwan HA, Hassanien MM, Al-Adl HE. Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity of a new iron-rifampicin complex: A novel prospective antitumor drug. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2020;57:101671\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101671.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1161_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4038\/cjs.v51i4.8064","volume":"51","author":"SS Amarasiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amarasiri SS, Attanayake AP, Mudduwa LKB, Jayatilaka KAPW. Doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity model in Wistar rats: Characterization of biochemical parameters, histological and immunohistochemical assessment. Ceylon J Sci. 2022;51(4):471\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4038\/cjs.v51i4.8064.","journal-title":"Ceylon J Sci"},{"key":"1161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.11.005","volume":"11","author":"Y Al Suleimani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Suleimani Y, et al. Nephroprotective effects of diminazene on doxorubicin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Toxicol Rep. 2023;11:460\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.11.005.","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"1161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.53555\/20xg1b22","volume":"31","author":"AA Shuja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shuja AA. Doxorubicin induced-nephrotoxicity via free radical antioxidant activation in wistar rats. JPTCP. 2024;31(9):225\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53555\/20xg1b22.","journal-title":"JPTCP"},{"key":"1161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4760","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3417","volume":"69","author":"M Shichiri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shichiri M, Fukai N, Kono Y, Tanaka Y. Rifampicin as an oral angiogenesis inhibitor targeting hepatic cancers. Cancer Res. 2009;69:4760\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-3417.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-023-00403-z","volume":"75","author":"OA Basal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basal OA, Zahran RF, Saad EA. Rifampicin efficacy against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Egypt Heart J. 2023;75:73\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43044-023-00403-z.","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"1161_CR12","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"NIH [National Institutes of Health]","year":"1996","unstructured":"NIH [National Institutes of Health]. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. seventh ed. Washington, DC: National Academy; 1996.","edition":"seventh"},{"key":"1161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahu BD, Kumar JM, Kuncha M, Borkar RM, Srinivas R, Sistla R. Baicalein alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via suppression of myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice. Life Sci. 2016;144:8\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.11.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.11.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"1161_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979;95(2):351\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"1161_CR15","first-page":"414","volume":"86","author":"HAC Montgomery","year":"1961","unstructured":"Montgomery HAC, Dymock JF. The determination of nitrate in water. Analyst. 1961;86:414\u20136.","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"4","key":"1161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107659","volume":"53","author":"LR DeChatelet","year":"1974","unstructured":"DeChatelet LR, McCall CE, McPhail LC, Johnston RB Jr. Superoxide dismutase activity in leukocytes. J Clin Invest. 1974;53(4):1197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI107659.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"1161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(72)90132-7","volume":"47","author":"AK Sinha","year":"1972","unstructured":"Sinha AK. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem. 1972;47(2):389\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(72)90132-7.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(79)90289-7","volume":"582","author":"MS Moron","year":"1979","unstructured":"Moron MS, Depierre JW, Mannervik B. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979;582(1):67\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-4165(79)90289-7.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"1161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4916519","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4916519","volume":"2019","author":"SM Chinnappan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chinnappan SM, et al. Nephroprotective effect of herbal extract Eurycoma longifolia on paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Evidence-Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:4916519\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/4916519.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"1161_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.159","volume":"148","author":"XY Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li XY, et al. Prevention and possible mechanism of a purified Laminaria japonica polysaccharide on adriamycin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;148:591\u2013600.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"1161_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353029","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1353029","volume":"15","author":"SR Botros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Botros SR, Matouk AI, Amin A, Heeba GH. Comparative effects of incretin-based therapy on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: the role of SIRT1\/Nrf2\/NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1 signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1353029\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1353029.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2020.820.828","volume":"23","author":"SA Habib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Habib SA, Saad EA, Al-Mutairi FM, Alalawy AI, Sayed MH, El-Sadda RR. Up-regulation of Antioxidant Status in Chronic Renal Failure Rats Treated with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 2020;23:820\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/pjbs.2020.820.828.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Biol Sci"},{"key":"1161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020248","volume":"18","author":"AM Mohmmed Hegab","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohmmed Hegab AM, et al. Withania somnifera Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Potentiates Its Therapeutic Efficacy Targeting SIRT1\/Nrf2, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. Pharmaceut. 2025;18:248\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18020248.","journal-title":"Pharmaceut"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00569-3","volume":"23","author":"M Shekari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shekari M, et al. Cardioprotective effects of sodium thiosulfate against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in male rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022;23(1):32\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-022-00569-3.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1161_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-023-03261-w","volume":"55","author":"MI Shosha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shosha MI, El-Ablack FZ, Saad EA. Glycine protects against doxorubicin-induced heart toxicity in mice. Amino Acids. 2023;55(5):679\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00726-023-03261-w.","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"6","key":"1161_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/019262301753385915","volume":"29","author":"T Zima","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zima T, et al. Acute dosage with dexrazoxane, but not doxorubicin, is associated with increased rates of hepatic protein synthesis in vivo. Toxicol Pathol. 2001;29(6):591\u20139.","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"1161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7395239","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7395239","volume":"2019","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chao X, Ahmad FUD, Shi H, Mehboob H, Hassan W. Phoenix dactylifera Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity. Cardiol Res Pract. 2019;2019:7395239\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/7395239.","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"1161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3684","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.3684","volume":"31","author":"EA Saad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saad EA, Hassanien MM, Elneely EA. Iron(III) diacetylmonoxime-2-hydrazinopyridine complex: a new prospective antitumor drug. Appl Organomet Chem. 2017;31(9):e3684\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aoc.3684.","journal-title":"Appl Organomet Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"1161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.07.011","volume":"27","author":"T Afsar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Afsar T, Razak S, Almajwal A, Al-Disi D. Doxorubicin-induced alterations in kidney functioning, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and renal tissue morphology; Improvement by Acacia hydaspica tannin-rich ethyl acetate fraction. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020;27(9):2251\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.07.011.","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-021-00494-x","volume":"22","author":"AS Hekmat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hekmat AS, Chenari A, Alipanah H, Javanmardi K. Protective effect of alamandine on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021;22(1):22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-021-00494-x.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"1161_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14570","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314570","volume":"23","author":"RN Abd-Ellatif","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abd-Ellatif RN, et al. Adrenomedullin Mitigates Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:14570\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232314570.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1161_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-025-00947-7","volume":"26","author":"NS Gad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gad NS, Shabana SM, Amer ME, Othman AI, El-Missiry MA. Naringin mitigated doxorubicin-induced kidney injury by the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation with a synergistic anticancer effect. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2025;26:121\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-025-00947-7.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1161_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.114.057968","volume":"42","author":"JH Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang JH, et al. Differential Effects of Rifampin and Ketoconazole on the Blood and Liver Concentration of Atorvastatin in Wild-Type and Cyp3a and Oatp1a\/b Knockout Mice. Drug Metabol Disposit. 2014;42(6):1067\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.114.057968.","journal-title":"Drug Metabol Disposit"},{"key":"1161_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2015.09.001","volume":"1","author":"A Beebe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beebe A, Seaworth B, Patil N. Rifampicin-induced nephrotoxicity in a tuberculosis patient. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2015;1:13\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jctube.2015.09.001.","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"1161_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9321621","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9321621","volume":"2018","author":"R Kora","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kora R, Brodsky SV, Nadasdy T, Agra D, Satoskar AA. Rifampicin in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Acute Kidney Injury with Hemoglobin Casts. Case Rep Nephrol. 2018;2018:9321621\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9321621.","journal-title":"Case Rep Nephrol"},{"key":"1161_CR36","unstructured":"Gounden V, Bhatt H, Jialal I. Renal function tests. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022. Last Update: July 18 2022."},{"key":"1161_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_271_18","volume":"14","author":"EA Saad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saad EA, El-Gayar HA, El-Demerdash RS, Radwan KH. Frankincense administration antagonizes adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. Phcog Mag. 2018;14:634\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/pm.pm_271_18","journal-title":"Phcog Mag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1161_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/japtr.JAPTR_336_18","volume":"10","author":"MS Al-Naimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Naimi MS, Rasheed HA, Hussien NR, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Nephrotoxicity. Role and significance of renal biomarkers in the early detection of acute renal injury. J Adv Pharmaceut Technol Res. 2019;10(3):95\u20139.","journal-title":"J Adv Pharmaceut Technol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1161_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.08.017","volume":"71","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srivastava A, Kaze AD, McMullan CJ, Isakova T, Waikar SS. Uric Acid and the Risks of Kidney Failure and Death in Individuals With CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;71(3):362\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.08.017.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"1161_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9474","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249474","volume":"21","author":"Y Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel Y, Joseph J. Sodium Intake and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(24):9474\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21249474.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1161_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eldebsy SS, Saad EA, El Sadda RR. Optimized renal protection with combined thymoquinone and glycine treatment: synergistic management of streptozotocin-induced nephropathy. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 2026;399(4):5621\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-025-04725-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-04725-4"},{"key":"1161_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20089","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902022e20089","volume":"58","author":"SA Habib","year":"2022","unstructured":"Habib SA, Alalawy AI, Saad EA, El-Sadda RR. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations of chronic renal failure rats treated with pluripotent human stem cells. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2022;58:e20089\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s2175-97902022e20089.","journal-title":"Braz J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR43","first-page":"11","volume":"2","author":"HS Abou Seif","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abou Seif HS. Protective Effects of Rutin and Hesperidin against Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Beni-Suef Univ J Appl Sci. 2012;2(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ J Appl Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1161_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23392","volume":"43","author":"A Rakisheva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rakisheva A, Marketou M, Klimenko A, Troyanova-Shchutskaia T, Vardas P. Hyperkalemia in heart failure: Foe or friend? Clin Cardiol. 2020;43(7):666\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.23392.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-463676","volume":"9","author":"S Ikeda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ikeda S, et al. Blockade of L-type Ca2\u2009+\u2009channel attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy via suppression of CaMKII-NF-\u03baB pathway. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):9850\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-463676.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1161_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111708","volume":"139","author":"PS Rawat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rawat PS, Jaiswal A, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Navik U. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;139:111708\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111708.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010103","volume":"12","author":"DH Jung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jung DH, Park B, Lee YJ. Longitudinal Effects of Serum Calcium and Phosphate Levels and Their Ratio on Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Korean Adults. Biomol. 2022;12(1):103\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12010103.","journal-title":"Biomol"},{"key":"1161_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2015.11.004","volume":"10","author":"MA Mitry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitry MA, Edwards JG. Doxorubicin induced heart failure: Phenotype and molecular mechanisms. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2016;10:17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcha.2015.11.004.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"issue":"9","key":"1161_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.9.879","volume":"167","author":"R Dhingra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dhingra R, et al. Relations of serum phosphorus and calcium levels to the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the community. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(9):879\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.167.9.879.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.1.147","volume":"16","author":"A Deman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deman A, et al. Altered antioxidant defence in amouse adriamycin model of glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2001;16(1):147\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/16.1.147.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"1161_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390238","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/390238","volume":"2011","author":"S Ayla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayla S, et al. Doxorubicin induced nephrotoxicity: protective effect of nicotinamide. Int J Cell Biol. 2011;2011:390238\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/390238.","journal-title":"Int J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1161_CR52","first-page":"281","volume":"6","author":"AZ El-Sonbati","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Sonbati AZ, El-Baz RA, Saad EA, El-Zekred AS. Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF G\/C 405 and C\/A 2578 gene polymorphisms in cases with pre-eclampsia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;6(10):281\u20134. https:\/\/journals.innovareacademics.in\/index.php\/ijpps\/article\/view\/2668","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1161_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12344","volume":"170","author":"A El-Kenawi","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Kenawi A, El-Remessy AB. Angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer therapy: mechanistic perspective on classification and treatment rationales. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;170:712\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.12344.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1161_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v11.i4.190","volume":"11","author":"MLC Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos MLC, Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Botelho ACDS, Melo FF. Nephrotoxicity in cancer treatment: An overview. World J Clin Oncol. 2020;11:190\u2013204.","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1161_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04","DOI":"10.34172\/npj.2021.04","volume":"11","author":"S Badri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badri S, Siberian L, Soltani R, Moghaddas A, Ataei S, Momenzadeh M. Nephrotoxicity induced by vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. J Nephropharmacol. 2022;11(1):e04\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/npj.2021.04.","journal-title":"J Nephropharmacol"},{"key":"1161_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11040640","volume":"11","author":"M Van Wynsberghe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Wynsberghe M, et al. Nephrotoxicity of Anti-Angiogenic Therapies. Diagnostics. 2021;11:640\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11040640.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"1161_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2022.1529","volume":"16","author":"N Chebotareva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chebotareva N, Grechukhina K, Mcdonnell V, Zhukova L, Krasnova T. Early biomarkers of nephrotoxicity associated with the use of anti-VEGF drugs. Biomed Rep. 2022;16:46\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/br.2022.1529.","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1161_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-012-0242-z","volume":"14","author":"SR Hayman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayman SR, Leung N, Grande JP, Garovic VD. VEGF inhibition, hypertension, and renal toxicity. Curr Oncol Rep. 2012;14(4):285\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-012-0242-z.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01161-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01161-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01161-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:23:49Z","timestamp":1782325429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01161-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01161-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal study was approved by the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt (Board No.: 245). All animal experiments comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the National Institute of Health.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"90"}}