{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:04:12Z","timestamp":1789434252600,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-026-01177-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:45:32Z","timestamp":1782477932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric methylphenidate intoxication: a five-year single-center study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u0131r\u0131l","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8302-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Yurtseven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caner","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burcu Vural","family":"Atalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eylem Ulas","family":"Saz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2089O","volume":"119","author":"SN Visser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Visser SN, Lesesne CA, Perou R. National estimates and factors associated with medication treatment for childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2007;119(1):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318054e724","volume":"46","author":"S Pliszka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pliszka S, AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894\u2013921.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.00791","volume":"204","author":"R Cairns","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cairns R, Daniels B, Wood DA, Brett J. ADHD medication overdose and misuse: the NSW Poisons Information Centre experience, 2004\u20132014. Med J Aust. 2016;204(4):154.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280304200210","volume":"42","author":"W Klein-Schwartz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein-Schwartz W. Pediatric methylphenidate exposures: 7-year experience of poison centers in the United States. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003;42(2):159\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200303000-00008","volume":"42","author":"W Klein-Schwartz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein-Schwartz W, McGrath J. Poison centers\u2019 experience with methylphenidate abuse in pre-teens and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42(3):288\u201394.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1177_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500360273","volume":"69","author":"MB Forrester","year":"2006","unstructured":"Forrester MB. Methylphenidate abuse in Texas, 1998\u20132004. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2006;69(12):1145\u201353.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1004579","volume":"53","author":"L Hondebrink","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hondebrink L, Rietjens SJ, Hunault CC, et al. Methylphenidate intoxications in children and adults: exposure circumstances and evidence-based dose threshold for pre-hospital triage. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53(3):168\u201377.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"1177_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-286","volume":"3","author":"T Trenque","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trenque T, Herlem E, Abou Taam M, et al. Methylphenidate off-label use and safety. Springerplus. 2014;3:286.","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659709162568","volume":"35","author":"JA Vale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vale JA. Position statement: gastric lavage. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35(7):711\u20139.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659709162569","volume":"35","author":"PA Chyka","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chyka PA, Seger D. Position statement: single-dose activated charcoal. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35(7):721\u201341.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"1177_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, McMillan N, Ford M. 2013 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers\u2019 National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st annual report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014;52(10):1032\u20131283.","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.987397"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-010-0026-y","volume":"2","author":"E Ozdemir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ozdemir E, Karaman MG, Yurteri N, et al. A case of suicide attempt with long-acting methylphenidate (Concerta). Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2010;2(3):103\u20135.","journal-title":"Atten Defic Hyperact Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0084-8","volume":"27","author":"HA Spiller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spiller HA, Hays HL, Aleguas A Jr. Overdose of drugs for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, mechanisms of toxicity, and management. CNS Drugs. 2013;27(7):531\u201343.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1177_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200204000-00013","volume":"14","author":"W Klein-Schwartz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klein-Schwartz W. Abuse and toxicity of methylphenidate. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2002;14(2):219\u201323.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"1177_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.154.12.1199","volume":"154","author":"SR White","year":"2000","unstructured":"White SR, Yadao CM. Characterization of methylphenidate exposures reported to a regional poison control center. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154(12):1199\u2013203.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0757-1","volume":"80","author":"DN Bagdure","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bagdure DN, Bhoite GR, Reiter PD, et al. Dexmedetomidine in a child with methylphenidate intoxication. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80(4):343\u20134.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1177_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-010-0032-0","volume":"2","author":"K Klampfl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klampfl K, Quattl\u00e4nder A, Burger R, et al. Case report: intoxication with high dose of long-acting methylphenidate (Concerta(\u00ae)) in a suicidal 14-year-old girl. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2010;2(4):221\u20134.","journal-title":"Atten Defic Hyperact Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1177_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02929.x","volume":"51","author":"EC Fettahoglu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fettahoglu EC, Satilmis A, Gokcen C, et al. Oral megadose methylphenidate ingestion for suicide attempt. Pediatr Int. 2009;51(6):844\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1177_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000145514.18300.30","volume":"27","author":"B Bailey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bailey B, Letarte A, Abran MC. Methylphenidate unintentional ingestion in preschool children. Ther Drug Monit. 2005;27(3):284\u20136.","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"7","key":"1177_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701665175","volume":"45","author":"EJ Scharman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scharman EJ, Erdman AR, Cobaugh DJ, et al. American Association of Poison Control Centers. Methylphenidate poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(7):737\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"}],"container-title":["BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01177-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01177-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01177-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:45:53Z","timestamp":1789433153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01177-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-026-01177-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-6511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-6511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ege University Medical Research Ethics Committee (approval number: 25-3T\/55). Due to the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized data, the requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"126"}}