{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:20:21Z","timestamp":1778610021543,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cepheid"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-CA016359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA016359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j. immunotherapy cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0731-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T13:04:57Z","timestamp":1568811897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Closed system RT-qPCR as a potential companion diagnostic test for immunotherapy outcome in metastatic melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne G. Y.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin W.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pok Fai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Smithy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Weidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Rhees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriet M.","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Rimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6230","key":"731_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8172","volume":"348","author":"P Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma P, Allison JP. The future of immune checkpoint therapy. Science. 2015;348(6230):56\u201361.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"1","key":"731_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030","volume":"373","author":"J Larkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Schadendorf D, Dummer R, Smylie M, Rutkowski P, Ferrucci PF, Hill A, Wagstaff J, Carlino MS, Haanen JB, Maio M, Marquez-Rodas I, McArthur GA, Ascierto PA, Long GV, Callahan MK, Postow MA, Grossmann K, Sznol M, Dreno B, Bastholt L, Yang A, Rollin LM, Horak C, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD. Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):23\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"731_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503093","volume":"372","author":"C Robert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, Daud A, Carlino MS, McNeil C, Lotem M, Larkin J, Lorigan P, Neyns B, Blank CU, Hamid O, Mateus C, Shapira-Frommer R, Kosh M, Zhou H, Ibrahim N, Ebbinghaus S, Ribas A. Investigators K-. Pembrolizumab versus Ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2521\u201332.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"731_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709684","volume":"377","author":"JD Wolchok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Wagstaff J, Schadendorf D, Ferrucci PF, Smylie M, Dummer R, Hill A, Hogg D, Haanen J, Carlino MS, Bechter O, Maio M, Marquez-Rodas I, Guidoboni M, McArthur G, Lebbe C, Ascierto PA, Long GV, Cebon J, Sosman J, Postow MA, Callahan MK, Walker D, Rollin L, Bhore R, Hodi FS, Larkin J. Overall survival with combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1345\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"731_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.56.2736","volume":"33","author":"D Schadendorf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schadendorf D, Hodi FS, Robert C, Weber JS, Margolin K, Hamid O, Patt D, Chen TT, Berman DM, Wolchok JD. Pooled analysis of Long-term survival data from phase II and phase III trials of Ipilimumab in Unresectable or metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(17):1889\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"731_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.53.0105","volume":"32","author":"SL Topalian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Kluger HM, Carvajal RD, Sharfman WH, Brahmer JR, Lawrence DP, Atkins MB, Powderly JD, Leming PD, Lipson EJ, Puzanov I, Smith DC, Taube JM, Wigginton JM, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Pardoll DM, Sosman JA, Hodi FS. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(10):1020\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"731_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt161","volume":"24","author":"JD Wolchok","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wolchok JD, Weber JS, Maio M, Neyns B, Harmankaya K, Chin K, Cykowski L, de Pril V, Humphrey R, Lebbe C. Four-year survival rates for patients with metastatic melanoma who received ipilimumab in phase II clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(8):2174\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"731_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.955","volume":"103","author":"JT Jorgensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jorgensen JT, Hersom M. Clinical and regulatory aspects of companion diagnostic development in oncology. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;103(6):999\u20131008.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"26","key":"731_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694","volume":"366","author":"JR Brahmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, Drake CG, Camacho LH, Kauh J, Odunsi K, Pitot HC, Hamid O, Bhatia S, Martins R, Eaton K, Chen S, Salay TM, Alaparthy S, Grosso JF, Korman AJ, Parker SM, Agrawal S, Goldberg SM, Pardoll DM, Gupta A, Wigginton JM. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(26):2455\u201365.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"731_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271","volume":"20","author":"JM Taube","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taube JM, Klein A, Brahmer JR, Xu H, Pan X, Kim JH, Chen L, Pardoll DM, Topalian SL, Anders RA. Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(19):5064\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"731_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1412082","volume":"372","author":"C Robert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, Hassel JC, Rutkowski P, McNeil C, Kalinka-Warzocha E, Savage KJ, Hernberg MM, Lebbe C, Charles J, Mihalcioiu C, Chiarion-Sileni V, Mauch C, Cognetti F, Arance A, Schmidt H, Schadendorf D, Gogas H, Lundgren-Eriksson L, Horak C, Sharkey B, Waxman IM, Atkinson V, Ascierto PA. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(4):320\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"731_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12340","volume":"28","author":"J Madore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Madore J, Vilain RE, Menzies AM, Kakavand H, Wilmott JS, Hyman J, Yearley JH, Kefford RF, Thompson JF, Long GV, Hersey P, Scolyer RA. PD-L1 expression in melanoma shows marked heterogeneity within and between patients: implications for anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 clinical trials. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2015;28(3):245\u201353.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"731_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25747","volume":"117","author":"J Gadiot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gadiot J, Hooijkaas AI, Kaiser AD, van Tinteren H, van Boven H, Blank C. Overall survival and PD-L1 expression in metastasized malignant melanoma. Cancer. 2011;117(10):2192\u2013201.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"731_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0983","volume":"14","author":"SP Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel SP, Kurzrock R. PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in Cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015;14(4):847\u201356.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"21","key":"731_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7252","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0713","volume":"10","author":"RL Camp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Camp RL, Dolled-Filhart M, Rimm DL. X-tile: a new bio-informatics tool for biomarker assessment and outcome-based cut-point optimization. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(21):7252\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"32","key":"731_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52889","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17547","volume":"8","author":"T Muller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muller T, Braun M, Dietrich D, Aktekin S, Hoft S, Kristiansen G, Goke F, Schrock A, Bragelmann J, Held SAE, Bootz F, Brossart P. PD-L1: a novel prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8(32):52889\u2013900.","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"issue":"21","key":"731_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501824","volume":"372","author":"EB Garon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui R, Leighl N, Balmanoukian AS, Eder JP, Patnaik A, Aggarwal C, Gubens M, Horn L, Carcereny E, Ahn MJ, Felip E, Lee JS, Hellmann MD, Hamid O, Goldman JW, Soria JC, Dolled-Filhart M, Rutledge RZ, Zhang J, Lunceford JK, Rangwala R, Lubiniecki GM, Roach C, Emancipator K, Gandhi L. Investigators K-. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2018\u201328.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"731_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5449","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3216","volume":"6","author":"R Sabatier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabatier R, Finetti P, Mamessier E, Adelaide J, Chaffanet M, Ali HR, Viens P, Caldas C, Birnbaum D, Bertucci F. Prognostic and predictive value of PDL1 expression in breast cancer. Oncotarget. 2015;6(7):5449\u201364.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"731_CR19","unstructured":"Lu S, Danilova L, Rimm DL, Hoyt CC, Hellmann M, Taube JM. Comparison of biomarker assay modalities in anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy: a meta-analysis. SITC. 2018."},{"issue":"8","key":"731_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91190","volume":"127","author":"M Ayers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayers M, Lunceford J, Nebozhyn M, Murphy E, Loboda A, Kaufman DR, Albright A, Cheng JD, Kang SP, Shankaran V, Piha-Paul SA, Yearley J, Seiwert TY, Ribas A, McClanahan TK. IFN-gamma-related mRNA profile predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(8):2930\u201340.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"731_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-15-1545","volume":"6","author":"PL Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen PL, Roh W, Reuben A, Cooper ZA, Spencer CN, Prieto PA, Miller JP, Bassett RL, Gopalakrishnan V, Wani K, De Macedo MP, Austin-Breneman JL, Jiang H, Chang Q, Reddy SM, Chen WS, Tetzlaff MT, Broaddus RJ, Davies MA, Gershenwald JE, Haydu L, Lazar AJ, Patel SP, Hwu P, Hwu WJ, Diab A, Glitza IC, Woodman SE, Vence LM, Wistuba ARN II, Kwong LN, Prieto V, Davis RE, Ma W, Overwijk WW, Sharpe AH, Hu J, Futreal PA, Blando J, Sharma P, Allison JP, Chin L, Wargo JA. Analysis of Immune Signatures in Longitudinal Tumor Samples Yields Insight into Biomarkers of Response and Mechanisms of Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Discov. 2016;6(8):827\u201337.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"10","key":"731_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy335","volume":"29","author":"L Pare","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pare L, Pascual T, Segui E, Teixido C, Gonzalez-Cao M, Galvan P, Rodriguez A, Gonzalez B, Cuatrecasas M, Pineda E, Torne A, Crespo G, Martin-Algarra S, Perez-Ruiz E, Reig O, Viladot M, Font C, Adamo B, Vidal M, Gaba L, Munoz M, Victoria I, Ruiz G, Vinolas N, Mellado B, Maurel J, Garcia-Corbacho J, Molina-Vila MA, Juan M, Llovet JM, Reguart N, Arance A, Prat A. Association between PD1 mRNA and response to anti-PD1 monotherapy across multiple cancer types. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(10):2121\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"10030","key":"731_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00587-0","volume":"387","author":"L Fehrenbacher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, Vansteenkiste J, Mazieres J, Park K, Smith D, Artal-Cortes A, Lewanski C, Braiteh F, Waterkamp D, He P, Zou W, Chen DS, Yi J, Sandler A, Rittmeyer A, Group PS. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10030):1837\u201346.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"43","key":"731_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1802166115","volume":"115","author":"M Kowanetz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kowanetz M, Zou W, Gettinger SN, Koeppen H, Kockx M, Schmid P, Kadel EE 3rd, Wistuba I, Chaft J, Rizvi NA, Spigel DR, Spira A, Hirsch FR, Cohen V, Smith D, Boyd Z, Miley N, Flynn S, Leveque V, Shames DS, Ballinger M, Mocci S, Shankar G, Funke R, Hampton G, Sandler A, Amler L, Mellman I, Chen DS, Hegde PS. Differential regulation of PD-L1 expression by immune and tumor cells in NSCLC and the response to treatment with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(43):E10119\u201326.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"15_suppl","key":"731_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11506","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.11506","volume":"34","author":"P Schmid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmid P, Hegde PS, Zou W, Kowanetz M, Mariathasan S, Molinero L, Gadgeel SM, Powles T, Heijden MSVD, Fasso M, O'Hear C, Ballinger M, Fine GD, Sandler A, Chen DS, Hodi FS. Association of PD-L2 expression in human tumors with atezolizumab activity. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(15_suppl):11506.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"731_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1761","volume":"23","author":"JH Yearley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yearley JH, Gibson C, Yu N, Moon C, Murphy E, Juco J, Lunceford J, Cheng J, Chow LQM, Seiwert TY, Handa M, Tomassini JE, McClanahan T. PD-L2 expression in human tumors: relevance to anti-PD-1 therapy in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(12):3158\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5164","key":"731_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8197455","volume":"264","author":"JE Darnell Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Darnell JE Jr, Kerr IM, Stark GR. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science. 1994;264(5164):1415\u201321.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"731_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.101","volume":"112","author":"K Abiko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abiko K, Matsumura N, Hamanishi J, Horikawa N, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Yoshioka Y, Baba T, Konishi I, Mandai M. IFN-gamma from lymphocytes induces PD-L1 expression and promotes progression of ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(9):1501\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"731_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.12.093","volume":"580","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Jang BC, Lee SW, Yang YI, Suh SI, Park YM, Oh S, Shin JG, Yao S, Chen L, Choi IH. Interferon regulatory factor-1 is prerequisite to the constitutive expression and IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of B7-H1 (CD274). FEBS Lett. 2006;580(3):755\u201362.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"731_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-017-0229-2","volume":"5","author":"JW Smithy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smithy JW, Moore LM, Pelekanou V, Rehman J, Gaule P, Wong PF, Neumeister VM, Sznol M, Kluger HM, Rimm DL. Nuclear IRF-1 expression as a mechanism to assess \"capability\" to express PD-L1 and response to PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2017;5:25.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"731_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-3073","volume":"21","author":"HM Kluger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kluger HM, Zito CR, Barr ML, Baine MK, Chiang VL, Sznol M, Rimm DL, Chen L, Jilaveanu LB. Characterization of PD-L1 expression and associated T-cell infiltrates in metastatic melanoma samples from variable anatomic sites. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21(13):3052\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40425-019-0731-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40425-019-0731-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40425-019-0731-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T05:43:53Z","timestamp":1611207833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jitc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1186\/s40425-019-0731-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40425-019-0731-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-1426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-1426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study is approved under IRB protocol ID 9505008219.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DLR has served as a consultant\/advisor to Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Agendia, Biocept, BMS, Cell Signaling Technology, Cepheid, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, InVicro\/Konica Minolta, Merck, Perkin Elmer, PAIGE.AI, and Ultivue. LM, YGYC, EWL, JW, BR and MB declare that they are employees of Cepheid. HMK has received consulting fees from Corvus, Nektar, Biodesix, Genetech, Pfizer, and Celldex, and research support from Apexigen, Merck and BMS. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"254"}}