{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:54:53Z","timestamp":1781639693229,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mov Ecol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Extreme weather events, such as tropical storms, can pose profound disruption to nearshore marine environments. Although coastal ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to storm impacts, research describing the response of marine taxa to extreme weather remains limited, especially for highly mobile marine predators. In this study, we use acoustic telemetry to investigate the behavioral responses of juvenile white sharks (\n                    <jats:italic>Carcharodon carcharias<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) at a Southern California nursery aggregation site to Tropical Storm Hilary in 2023. To aid in these efforts, we developed a novel occupancy modeling approach to statistically account and correct for temporal variations in acoustic receiver performance during disruptive storm conditions. Using detection data from synchronization transmitters, we first estimated the effects of key environmental factors on transmitter detection efficiency, with ambient noise, receiver tilt, and the density of animal transmitters present inside the receiver array emerging as particularly influential predictors. We then leveraged these estimated effects to inform a Bayesian state space model designed to investigate nursery occupancy dynamics, including environmental drivers of nursery emigration. Our results provide evidence of partial nursery evacuation, with over half of tagged sharks temporarily leaving monitored nearshore habitats in response to peak storm conditions. However, most emigrations were short-lived, with all but one shark returning to the aggregation site within three weeks of the storm. Evacuations from nursery habitats were best predicted by falling sea surface temperatures, although increased wave height, declining barometric pressure, and drops in salinity may have served as important secondary flight cues. Our efforts provide a rare opportunity to document the storm response behaviors of a recovering top predator, while also presenting tangible analytical solutions to commonly encountered technical challenges in the field of acoustic telemetry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40462-026-00642-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:13:15Z","timestamp":1772640795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A rare tropical storm event drives partial nursery evacuation by juvenile white sharks, followed by rapid aggregation reformation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jack T.","family":"Elstner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Spurgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Rex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachariah","family":"Merson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wave","family":"Moretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Mautz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rilee","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Titcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brice X.","family":"Semmens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5228-0","volume":"188","author":"SJ Cooke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooke SJ, Martins EG, Struthers DP, Gutowsky LFG, Power M, Doka SE, et al. A moving target-incorporating knowledge of the spatial ecology of fish into the assessment and management of freshwater fish populations. Environ Monit Assess. 2016;188:239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-016-5228-0.","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"642_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800375105","volume":"105","author":"R Nathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nathan R, Getz WM, Revilla E, Holyoak M, Kadmon R, Saltz D, et al. A movement ecology paradigm for unifying organismal movement research. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008;105:19052\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0800375105.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"642_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15153","volume":"101","author":"SJ Cooke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooke SJ, Bergman JN, Twardek WM, Piczak ML, Casselberry GA, Lutek K, et al. The movement ecology of fishes. J Fish Biol. 2022;101:756\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfb.15153.","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"642_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107373","volume":"256","author":"LFG Gutowsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gutowsky LFG, Rider MJ, Roemer RP, Gallagher AJ, Heithaus MR, Cooke SJ, et al. Large sharks exhibit varying behavioral responses to major hurricanes. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 2021;256:107373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107373.","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"642_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsx241","volume":"76","author":"DH Secor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Secor DH, Zhang F, O\u2019Brien MHP, Li M. Ocean destratification and fish evacuation caused by a Mid-Atlantic tropical storm. ICES J Mar Sci. 2019;76:573\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icesjms\/fsx241.","journal-title":"ICES J Mar Sci"},{"key":"642_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.10.079","volume":"25","author":"HM Streby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Streby HM, Kramer GR, Peterson SM, Lehman JA, Buehler DA, Andersen DE. Tornadic storm avoidance behavior in breeding songbirds. Curr Biol. 2015;25:98\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.10.079.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"642_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3354\/meps10244","volume":"480","author":"V Udyawer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Udyawer V, Chin A, Knip D, Simpfendorfer C, Heupel M. Variable response of coastal sharks to severe tropical storms: environmental cues and changes in space use. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2013;480:171\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps10244.","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1086\/279854","volume":"56","author":"AS Pearse","year":"1922","unstructured":"Pearse AS. The effects of environment on animals. Am Nat. 1922;56:144\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/279854.","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"642_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-019-00600-7","volume":"43","author":"BA Strickland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strickland BA, Massie JA, Viadero N, Santos R, Gastrich KR, Paz V, et al. Movements of juvenile Bull sharks in response to a major hurricane within a tropical estuarine nursery area. Estuaries Coasts. 2020;43:1144\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12237-019-00600-7.","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"642_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru183","volume":"26","author":"BBM Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong BBM, Candolin U. Behavioral responses to changing environments. Behav Ecol. 2015;26:665\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/aru183.","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"key":"642_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1502","volume":"15","author":"EA Beever","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beever EA, Hall LE, Varner J, Loosen AE, Dunham JB, Gahl MK, et al. Behavioral flexibility as a mechanism for coping with climate change. Front Ecol Environ. 2017;15:299\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fee.1502.","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"642_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40462-023-00384-3","volume":"11","author":"DE Hewitt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hewitt DE, Johnson DD, Suthers IM, Taylor MD. Crabs ride the tide: incoming tides promote foraging of giant mud crab (Scylla serrata). Mov Ecol. 2023;11:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40462-023-00384-3.","journal-title":"Mov Ecol"},{"key":"642_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13290","volume":"10","author":"C Vazquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vazquez C, Rowcliffe JM, Spoelstra K, Jansen PA. Comparing diel activity patterns of wildlife across latitudes and seasons: time transformations using day length. Methods Ecol Evol. 2019;10:2057\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.13290.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"642_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"White CF, Lyons K, Jorgensen SJ, O\u2019Sullivan J, Winkler C, Weng KC, et al. Quantifying habitat selection and variability in habitat suitability for juvenile white sharks. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0214642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0214642.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214642"},{"key":"642_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8649.2003.00250.x","volume":"63","author":"MR Heupel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heupel MR, Simpfendorfer CA, Hueter RE. Running before the storm: blacktip sharks respond to falling barometric pressure associated with Tropical Storm Gabrielle. J Fish Biol. 2003;63:1357\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1095-8649.2003.00250.x.","journal-title":"J Fish Biol"},{"key":"642_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1890\/04-0141","volume":"86","author":"TA Gardner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gardner TA, C\u00f4t\u00e9 IM, Gill JA, Grant A, Watkinson AR. Hurricanes and Caribbean coral reefs: impacts, recovery patterns, and role in long-term decline. Ecology. 2005;86:174\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/04-0141.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"642_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2015.12.006","volume":"36","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang W, Tong C. A review on impact of typhoons and hurricanes on coastal wetland ecosystems. Acta Ecol Sin. 2016;36:23\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chnaes.2015.12.006.","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"key":"642_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30280","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30280","volume":"6","author":"H Bailey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bailey H, Secor DH. Coastal evacuations by fish during extreme weather events. Sci Rep. 2016;6:30280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep30280.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"642_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(89)90018-8","volume":"28","author":"RJ Seymour","year":"1989","unstructured":"Seymour RJ, Tegner MJ, Dayton PK, Parnell PE. Storm wave induced mortality of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in Southern California. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 1989;28:277\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0272-7714(89)90018-8.","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"642_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3390\/d11080130","volume":"11","author":"C Rogers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rogers C. Immediate effects of hurricanes on a diverse Coral\/Mangrove ecosystem in the U.S. Virgin Islands and the potential for recovery. Diversity. 2019;11:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/d11080130.","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"642_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007789","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2023.1007789","volume":"10","author":"JJ Leichter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leichter JJ, Ladah LB, Parnell PE, Stokes MD, Costa MT, Fumo J, et al. Persistence of southern California giant kelp beds and alongshore variation in nutrient exposure driven by seasonal upwelling and internal waves. Front Mar Sci. 2023;10:1007789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2023.1007789.","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"642_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miller WD, Harding LW, Adolf JE. Hurricane Isabel generated an unusual fall bloom in Chesapeake Bay. Geophys Res Lett. 2006;33:2005GL025658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005GL025658.","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL025658"},{"key":"642_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-014-3539-4","volume":"73","author":"YR Personna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Personna YR, Geng X, Saleh F, Shu Z, Jackson N, Weinstein MP, et al. Monitoring changes in salinity and metal concentrations in New Jersey (USA) coastal ecosystems post-Hurricane Sandy. Environ Earth Sci. 2015;73:1169\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-014-3539-4.","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"642_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17582","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17582","volume":"5","author":"JE Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith JE, Bentley SJ, Snedden GA, White C. What role do hurricanes play in sediment delivery to subsiding river deltas? Sci Rep. 2015;5:17582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep17582.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"642_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2013.10.011","volume":"135","author":"D Munroe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munroe D, Tabatabai A, Burt I, Bushek D, Powell EN, Wilkin J. Oyster mortality in Delaware Bay: impacts and recovery from Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 2013;135:209\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2013.10.011.","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"642_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balaguru K, Xu W, Chang C-C, Leung LR, Judi DR, Hagos SM, et al. Increased U.S. coastal hurricane risk under climate change. Sci Adv. 2023;9:eadf0259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adf0259.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf0259"},{"key":"642_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11975","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920849117","volume":"117","author":"JP Kossin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kossin JP, Knapp KR, Olander TL, Velden CS. Global increase in major tropical cyclone exceedance probability over the past four decades. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020;117:11975\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1920849117.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"642_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37527-1","volume":"9","author":"NM Bacheler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bacheler NM, Shertzer KW, Cheshire RT, MacMahan JH. Tropical storms influence the movement behavior of a demersal oceanic fish species. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-37527-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"642_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-019-00617-y","volume":"43","author":"JA Massie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Massie JA, Strickland BA, Santos RO, Hernandez J, Viadero N, Boucek RE, et al. Going downriver: patterns and cues in hurricane-driven movements of common snook in a subtropical coastal river. Estuaries Coasts. 2020;43:1158\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12237-019-00617-y.","journal-title":"Estuaries Coasts"},{"key":"642_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-010-1501-x","volume":"157","author":"Y-L Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu Y-L, Lillywhite HB, Tu M-C. Sea snakes anticipate tropical cyclone. Mar Biol. 2010;157:2369\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00227-010-1501-x.","journal-title":"Mar Biol"},{"key":"642_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.04.003","volume":"19","author":"SJ Cooke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cooke SJ, Hinch SG, Wikelski M, Andrews RD, Kuchel LJ, Wolcott TG, et al. Biotelemetry: a mechanistic approach to ecology. Trends Ecol Evol. 2004;19:334\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2004.04.003.","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"642_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1533","volume":"27","author":"GT Crossin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crossin GT, Heupel MR, Holbrook CM, Hussey NE, Lowerre-Barbieri SK, Nguyen VM, et al. Acoustic telemetry and fisheries management. Ecol Appl. 2017;27:1031\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.1533.","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"642_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255642","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1255642","volume":"348","author":"NE Hussey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hussey NE, Kessel ST, Aarestrup K, Cooke SJ, Cowley PD, Fisk AT, et al. Aquatic animal telemetry: a panoramic window into the underwater world. Science. 2015;348:1255642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1255642.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"642_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banks KG, Streich MK, Curtis JM, Stunz GW. Influence of hurricane activity on acoustic array efficiency: a case study of Red Snapper within an artificial reef complex. Mar Coast Fish. 2022;14:e10220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mcf2.10220.","DOI":"10.1002\/mcf2.10220"},{"key":"642_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12057","volume":"4","author":"K\u00d8 Gjelland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gjelland K\u00d8, Hedger RD. Environmental influence on transmitter detection probability in biotelemetry: developing a general model of acoustic transmission. Methods Ecol Evol. 2013;4:665\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12057.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"642_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12520","volume":"7","author":"C Huveneers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huveneers C, Simpfendorfer CA, Kim S, Semmens JM, Hobday AJ, Pederson H, et al. The influence of environmental parameters on the performance and detection range of acoustic receivers. Methods Ecol Evol. 2016;7:825\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.12520.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"642_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-016-0097-4","volume":"4","author":"TR Binder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Binder TR, Holbrook CM, Hayden TA, Krueger CC. Spatial and temporal variation in positioning probability of acoustic telemetry arrays: fine-scale variability and complex interactions. Anim Biotelem. 2016;4:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40317-016-0097-4.","journal-title":"Anim Biotelem"},{"key":"642_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-023-00317-2","volume":"11","author":"M Long","year":"2023","unstructured":"Long M, Jordaan A, Castro-Santos T. Environmental factors influencing detection efficiency of an acoustic telemetry array and consequences for data interpretation. Anim Biotelem. 2023;11:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40317-023-00317-2.","journal-title":"Anim Biotelem"},{"key":"642_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08864","volume":"419","author":"N Payne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Payne N, Gillanders B, Webber D, Semmens J. Interpreting diel activity patterns from acoustic telemetry: the need for controls. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2010;419:295\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps08864.","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-013-9328-4","volume":"24","author":"ST Kessel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kessel ST, Cooke SJ, Heupel MR, Hussey NE, Simpfendorfer CA, Vagle S, et al. A review of detection range testing in aquatic passive acoustic telemetry studies. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2014;24:199\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11160-013-9328-4.","journal-title":"Rev Fish Biol Fish"},{"key":"642_CR41","unstructured":"Reinhart B. National Hurricane center tropical cyclone report - Hurricane Hilary. 2024."},{"key":"642_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anderson JM, Spurgeon E, Stirling BS, May J, PatrickT R, Hyla B, et al. High resolution acoustic telemetry reveals swim speeds and inferred field metabolic rates in juvenile white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). PLoS ONE. 2022;17:e0268914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268914.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268914"},{"key":"642_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24377-1","volume":"12","author":"E Spurgeon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spurgeon E, Anderson JM, Liu Y, Barajas VL, Lowe CG. Quantifying thermal cues that initiate mass emigrations in juvenile white sharks. Sci Rep. 2022;12:19874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-24377-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"642_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290769","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2024.1290769","volume":"11","author":"E Spurgeon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spurgeon E, Thompson ML, Alexander MD, Anderson JM, Rex PT, Stirling B, et al. The influence of micro-scale thermal habitat on the movements of juvenile white sharks in their Southern California aggregation sites. Front Mar Sci. 2024;11:1290769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2024.1290769.","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"642_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645142","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.645142","volume":"8","author":"JM Anderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anderson JM, Burns ES, Meese EN, Farrugia TJ, Stirling BS, White CF, et al. Interannual nearshore habitat use of Young of the Year white sharks off Southern California. Front Mar Sci. 2021;8:645142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2021.645142.","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"642_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EBFI.0000029343.54027.6a","volume":"70","author":"H Dewar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dewar H, Domeier M, Nasby-Lucas N. Insights into Young of the Year white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, behavior in the Southern California Bight. Environ Biol Fishes. 2004;70:133\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:EBFI.0000029343.54027.6a.","journal-title":"Environ Biol Fishes"},{"key":"642_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Logan RK, Anderson JM, Burns ES, Samara Chacon Y, Freedman R, Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez E, et al. Long-term tracking captures the timing of ontogenetic niche shifts in northeast Pacific white sharks. Ecosphere. 2024;15:e70034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.70034.","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.70034"},{"key":"642_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3354\/meps338211","volume":"338","author":"K Weng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weng K, O\u2019Sullivan J, Lowe C, Winkler C, Dewar H, Block B. Movements, behavior and habitat preferences of juvenile white sharks Carcharodon carcharias in the eastern Pacific. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2007;338:211\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps338211.","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR49","unstructured":"Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Partners. 2014 USGS CoNED Topobathy DEM (compiled 2016): Southern Coast of CA & Channel Islands. 2024. [Updated 1930 UTC]."},{"key":"642_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rex PT, May JH, Pierce EK, Lowe CG. Patterns of overlapping habitat use of juvenile white shark and human recreational water users along southern California beaches. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0286575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0286575.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286575"},{"key":"642_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14003","volume":"687","author":"D Orrell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orrell D, Hussey N. Using the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS) to explore fine-scale movements of aquatic species: applications, analytical approaches and future directions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2022;687:195\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps14003.","journal-title":"Analytical Approaches Future Directions., Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR52","unstructured":"Smith F. Understanding HPE in the VEMCO Positioning System (VPS). 2013."},{"key":"642_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2019.02.014","volume":"215","author":"NM Bacheler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bacheler NM, Michelot T, Cheshire RT, Shertzer KW. Fine-scale movement patterns and behavioral states of gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus determined from acoustic telemetry and hidden Markov models. Fish Res. 2019;215:76\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fishres.2019.02.014.","journal-title":"Fish Res"},{"key":"642_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3354\/esr01236","volume":"50","author":"C Jetter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jetter C, Crossman J, Martins E. Movement behaviour of endangered white sturgeon acipenser transmontanus responds to changing environmental conditions below a dam. Endanger Species Res. 2023;50:295\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/esr01236.","journal-title":"Endanger Species Res"},{"key":"642_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sasaki I, Takeda M, Matsushita Y, Nakamura I, Kawabe R. Acoustic telemetry tracking and acceleration measurements reveal spatiotemporal movement patterns of the Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus. Fish Sci. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12562-025-01862-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-025-01862-w"},{"key":"642_CR56","first-page":"49","volume":"9","author":"G Cailliet","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cailliet G, Ebert D, Natanson L. Preliminary studies on the age and growth of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, using vertical bands. Bull South Calif Acad Sci. 1985;9:49\u201360.","journal-title":"Bull South Calif Acad Sci"},{"key":"642_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-024-00378-x","volume":"12","author":"JE Edwards","year":"2024","unstructured":"Edwards JE, Buijse AD, Winter HV, Bijleveld AI. Gone with the wind: environmental variation influences detection efficiency in a coastal acoustic telemetry array. Anim Biotelem. 2024;12:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40317-024-00378-x.","journal-title":"Anim Biotelem"},{"key":"642_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-017-3478-7","volume":"845","author":"J Reubens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reubens J, Verhelst P, Van Der Knaap I, Deneudt K, Moens T, Hernandez F. Environmental factors influence the detection probability in acoustic telemetry in a marine environment: results from a new setup. Hydrobiologia. 2019;845:81\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10750-017-3478-7.","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"642_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jonsen ID, Basson M, Bestley S, Bravington MV, Patterson TA, Pedersen MW, et al. State-space models for bio-loggers: a methodological road map. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2013. 88-89:34\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsr2.2012.07.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2012.07.008"},{"key":"642_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Auger-M\u00e9th\u00e9 M, Newman K, Cole D, Empacher F, Gryba R, King AA, et al. A guide to state-space modeling of ecological time series. Ecol Monogr. 2021;91:e01470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecm.1470.","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1470"},{"key":"642_CR61","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2021."},{"key":"642_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.2016.1172487","volume":"26","author":"P De Valpine","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Valpine P, Turek D, Paciorek CJ, Anderson-Bergman C, Lang DT, Bodik R. Programming with models: writing statistical algorithms for general model structures with NIMBLE. J Comput Graph Stat. 2017;26:403\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10618600.2016.1172487.","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"642_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429029608","volume-title":"Statistical rethinking: a Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan","author":"R McElreath","year":"2020","unstructured":"McElreath R. Statistical rethinking: a Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan. 2nd. Chapman and Hall\/CRC; 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9780429029608.","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"642_CR64","unstructured":"Coastal Data Information Program. 2023."},{"key":"642_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3354\/meps337287","volume":"337","author":"M Heupel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heupel M, Carlson J, Simpfendorfer C. Shark nursery areas: concepts, definition, characterization and assumptions. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2007;337:287\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps337287.","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3354\/meps09864","volume":"463","author":"C Speed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Speed C, Meekan M, Field I, McMahon C, Bradshaw C. Heat-seeking sharks: support for behavioural thermoregulation in reef sharks. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2012;463:231\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps09864.","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jembe.2025.152084","volume":"583","author":"ZS Merson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Merson ZS, Jahn EE, Barnes MA, Spurgeon EA, Rex PT, Elstner JT, et al. eDNA metabarcoding detection of nearshore juvenile white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) and prey fish communities. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol. 2025;583:152084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jembe.2025.152084.","journal-title":"J Exp Mar Biol Ecol"},{"key":"642_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-019-0179-1","volume":"7","author":"NV Klinard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klinard NV, Halfyard EA, Matley JK, Fisk AT, Johnson TB. The influence of dynamic environmental interactions on detection efficiency of acoustic transmitters in a large, deep, freshwater lake. Anim Biotelem. 2019;7:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40317-019-0179-1.","journal-title":"Anim Biotelem"},{"key":"642_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2228","volume":"6","author":"TH Selby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Selby TH, Hart KM, Fujisaki I, Smith BJ, Pollock CJ, Hillis-Starr Z, et al. Can you hear me now? Range-testing a submerged passive acoustic receiver array in a Caribbean coral reef habitat. Ecol Evol. 2016;6:4823\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.2228.","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"642_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13322","volume":"11","author":"JW Brownscombe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brownscombe JW, Griffin LP, Chapman JM, Morley D, Acosta A, Crossin GT, et al. A practical method to account for variation in detection range in acoustic telemetry arrays to accurately quantify the spatial ecology of aquatic animals. Methods Ecol Evol. 2020;11:82\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.13322.","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"642_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13269","volume":"639","author":"P Matich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matich P, Strickland B, Heithaus M. Long-term monitoring provides insight into estuarine top predator (Carcharhinus leucas) resilience following an extreme weather event. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2020;639:169\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/meps13269.","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"key":"642_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2012.10.003","volume":"335","author":"CK Paull","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paull CK, Caress DW, Lundsten E, Gwiazda R, Anderson K, McGann M, et al. Anatomy of the La Jolla submarine Canyon system; offshore southern California. Mar Geol. 2013;335:16\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.margeo.2012.10.003.","journal-title":"Mar Geol"},{"key":"642_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandez-Arcaya U, Ramirez-Llodra E, Aguzzi J, Allcock AL, Davies JS, Dissanayake A, et al. Ecological role of submarine canyons and need for canyon conservation: a review. Front Mar Sci. 2017, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2017.00005.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00005"},{"key":"642_CR74","first-page":"625","volume":"98","author":"M Yoklavich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yoklavich M, Green G, Cailliet G, Sullivan D, Lea R, Love M. Habitat associations of deep-water rockfishes in a submarine Canyon: an example of natural refuge. Fish Bull. 2000;98:625\u201341.","journal-title":"Fish Bull"},{"key":"642_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2307\/1444603","volume":"1982","author":"FG Carey","year":"1982","unstructured":"Carey FG, Kanwisher JW, Brazier O, Gabrielson G, Casey JG, Pratt HL. Temperature and activities of a white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Copeia. 1982;1982:254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1444603.","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"642_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s003600050092","volume":"167","author":"KJ Goldman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goldman KJ. Regulation of body temperature in the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. J Comp Physiol B. 1997;167:423\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s003600050092.","journal-title":"J Comp Physiol [B]"},{"key":"642_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-023-00803-8","volume":"4","author":"SM Byrne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byrne SM, Merrifield MA, Carter ML, Cayan DR, Flick RE, Gershunov A, et al. Southern California winter precipitation variability reflected in 100-year ocean salinity record. Commun Earth Environ. 2023;4:143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-023-00803-8.","journal-title":"Commun Earth Environ"},{"key":"642_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icv052","volume":"55","author":"TE Higham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Higham TE, Stewart WJ, Wainwright PC. Turbulence, temperature, and turbidity: the ecomechanics of predator-prey interactions in fishes. Integr Comp Biol. 2015;55:6\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/icb\/icv052.","journal-title":"Integr Comp Biol"},{"key":"642_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lunt J, Smee DL. Turbidity interferes with foraging success of visual but not chemosensory predators. Peer J. 2015;3:e1212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.1212.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1212"},{"key":"642_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13329","volume":"89","author":"JCG Ortega","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortega JCG, Figueiredo BRS, Da Gra\u00e7a WJ, Agostinho AA, Bini LM. Negative effect of turbidity on prey capture for both visual and non-visual aquatic predators. J Anim Ecol. 2020;89:2427\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2656.13329.","journal-title":"The J Anim Ecol"},{"key":"642_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Knutson T, Camargo SJ, Chan JCL, Emanuel K, Ho C-H, Kossin J, et al. Tropical cyclones and climate change assessment: Part II: Projected response to anthropogenic warming. Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2020;101:E303\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-D-18-0194.1.","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-18-0194.1"},{"key":"642_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miles E, Hilary XSH. And rare Tropical cyclones in the Southwest United States: impacts on temperature and precipitation. J Geophys Res Atmos. 2023;2025 130:e2024JD042739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024JD042739.","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD042739"},{"key":"642_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26369-7","volume":"12","author":"X Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng X, Klingaman NP, Hodges KI. Poleward migration of western North Pacific tropical cyclones related to changes in cyclone seasonality. Nat Commun. 2021;12:6210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-26369-7.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"642_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00859-1","volume":"15","author":"J Studholme","year":"2022","unstructured":"Studholme J, Fedorov AV, Gulev SK, Emanuel K, Hodges K. Poleward expansion of tropical cyclone latitudes in warming climates. Nat Geosci. 2022;15:14\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-021-00859-1.","journal-title":"Nat Geosci"},{"key":"642_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-024-02194-w","volume":"15","author":"CM Kropf","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kropf CM, Vaterlaus L, Bresch DN, Pellissier L. Tropical cyclone risk for global ecosystems in a changing climate. Nat Clim Change. 2025;15:92\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-024-02194-w.","journal-title":"Nat Clim Change"}],"container-title":["Movement Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40462-026-00642-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40462-026-00642-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40462-026-00642-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:21:44Z","timestamp":1781637704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s40462-026-00642-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40462-026-00642-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-3933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All fieldwork associated with this project was conducted in full compliance with state and federal permitting requirements and approved under the California State University Long Beach Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC); protocol 2019\u2013003-FLD.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}