{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:16:47Z","timestamp":1761059807163,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> In evaluation for blepharoplasty, patients often desire improved cosmesis and\/or correction of visual field deficits. However, patients are usually unaware of eyelid or brow asymmetry. Furthermore, the prevalence of eyelid and brow asymmetry is infrequently reported in the medical literature. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> To determine the prevalence of brow and eyelid asymmetry in patients evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> One hundred consecutive patients evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty were included in the study. Standard pre-operative photographs were taken of all patients using consistent background and photographic equipment. Two of the authors (KM &amp; AM) independently recorded the margin pupil (MPD), central eyebrow (CED), nasal eyebrow (NED) and temporal eyebrow (TED) distances. To test the inter-observer reliability, the senior author (SMT) recorded the same measurements for 10% of randomly selected patients. We calculated 95% confidence intervals to compare symmetry between the right and left sides. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> One hundred patients (94 female, mean age 57.7) were included in the study. The average MPD, CED, NED and TED distances were 0.55\u2009\u2009mm (95% CI 0.45-0.65), 1.77\u2009\u2009mm (95% CI 1.47-2.07), 1.34\u2009\u2009mm (95% CI 1.14-1.54), and 1.78\u2009\u2009mm (95% CI 1.50-2.06), respectively. Ninety-three percent of patients had at least one asymmetric measurement of greater than 1\u2009\u2009mm. Seventy-five percent of patients studied had at least one measurement greater than 2\u2009\u2009mm while 37 percent had at least one greater than 3\u2009\u2009mm. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> Brow and eyelid asymmetry is common in patients being evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty. The facial plastic surgeon should identify and document facial asymmetry pre-operatively, and discuss it with prospective blepharoplasty patients. This will improve informed consent and patient expectations. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T17:54:47Z","timestamp":1412186087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Eyelid and brow asymmetry in patients evaluated for upper lid blepharoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kristian I","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa, 1081 Carling Ave, K1Y 4G2, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian I","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S Mark","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-s40463-014-0036-4","first-page":"2611","volume-title":"Head & Neck Surgery - Otolaryngology","author":"Pastorek N","year":"2006","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr2-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.22.3.662"},{"key":"bibr3-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asj.2007.06.005"},{"key":"bibr4-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.1.151"},{"key":"bibr5-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.108.3.233"},{"key":"bibr6-s40463-014-0036-4","first-page":"2481","volume-title":"Head & Neck Surgery - Otolaryngology","author":"Calhoun KH","year":"2006","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr7-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72667-4"},{"key":"bibr8-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2006.04.027"},{"key":"bibr9-s40463-014-0036-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/I06-005"},{"key":"bibr10-s40463-014-0036-4","first-page":"2411","volume-title":"Head & Neck Surgery - Otolaryngology","author":"Hochman H","year":"2006","edition":"4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Otolaryngology - Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T15:45:27Z","timestamp":1741621527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40463-014-0036-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1916-0216","1916-0216"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1916-0216"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1916-0216"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"article-number":"36"}}